Source: MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
DRYLAND CROPPING PRACTICES
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0024850
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
MONB00704
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2001
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2012
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Carlson, G. R.
Recipient Organization
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
BOZEMAN,MT 59717
Performing Department
NORTHERN AGRI RES CENTER
Non Technical Summary
Dryland grain producers face a thin margin of profitability and a high degree of variability in year-to-year growing conditions. This project seeks to improve stability of crop yield and quality in Montana dryland agriculture by developing varieties and evaluating production practices for optimum performance. In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2051540107060%
2051541107025%
2051550107015%
Goals / Objectives
To determine crop cultivars appropriate for dryland cropping systems and environments, and to assist in the development of superior germplasm for potential release as improved cultivars. To develop and participate in multi-disciplinary, collaborative and/or cooperative research efforts toward improved dryland cropping practices with other scientists in the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Extension Service and College of Agriculture. To evaluate differing seed and fertilizer placement configurations for dryland cropping systems and environments using the latest available plot-scale and field-scale air drill technology. To determine the effects of seed and embryo size relationships on seedling and mature plant performance with cereal grains grown under dryland cropping systems.
Project Methods
Cultivar performance will be evaluated under conditions specific to differing environments at selected locations within the north central Montana area. Computer-assisted mapping techniques will be utilized in selecting locations for off-station studies and extending application of resulting information to other similar environments. Wheat evaluations will include economic considerations on gross dollar return as affected by yield, protein, and market activity. Cooperative efforts will include co-investigative support directed toward integrated strategies for wheat stem sawfly management, manipulation of crop seed band width and population density for weed management, and site-specific crop management. The effects of cereal seed size will be evaluated as a component to seed and fertilizer placement research and variable rate technology investigations.

Progress 07/01/01 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over the past eleven years, agronomic trials conducted include 305 cereal, 14 pulse, 67 oilseed, 12 nutrient, 47 pest management, 52 forage and 81 multi-species or multi-component studies carried out both on and off station near Havre, MT. A good portion of these research trials were highlighted at 11 Northern Ag Research Center Field Days and 27 off station plot tours in the four-county area of Hill, Blaine, Chouteau & Phillips. Research results were disseminated verbally during field days, plot tours and seminar presentations to over 2500 growers, agribusiness and other interested individuals. Annual reports were also written and disseminated in hard copy and via newspapers, agricultural magazines, web and cd. PARTICIPANTS: Research individuals directly involved with this project at Northern Agricultural Research Center include Gregg R. Carlson, Associate Professor of Agronomy, Principal Investigator; Peggy F. Lamb, Research Associate in Agronomy, Project Assistant; and Eleri Haney, Research Assistant. Partner organizations include Montana State University Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Central Agricultural Research Center, Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana Cooperative Extension Service in Blaine, Chouteau, Hill and Phillips Counties, Montana Department of Agriculture Wheat and Barley Committee, agricultural industry firms including Agripro, BASF, Barkley Ag, Bayer Crop Science, The Camelina Company, Precision Laboratories Inc., Sustainable Oils LLC, Westbred, and Bourgault Industries LTD; commercial farms including Cederberg Farms, Hockett Farms, McKeever Farms, Peterson Farms and Flansaas/Lumsden Farms. Collaborators and contacts include Montana Agricultural Research Center scientists D.W. Wichman, C. Chen, J.W. Bergman, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, H. Mason, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, and G.D. Jackson, O. Walsh, D.L. Boss; Montana State University scientists P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake, D. Weaver, A. Dyer, M. Burrows and Montana State University research associates J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning, S. Bates, M. Moffet and M. Hofland. Limited formal training or professional development opportunities occasionally exist as a result of this project for MSU graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and county extension agents. Informal professional development opportunities exist for cooperating agricultural producers and anyone receiving information disseminated as a result of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include agricultural producers, agribusiness entities, agricultural industry, agricultural students, and the general public as well as the scientific community. Access to research information generated by this project is open to all without regard to racial or ethnic background and without regard to social, economic, or educational status. Information delivery efforts include refereed journal articles, reviewed articles, popularized bulletins, technical reports, the Internet, compact disk distribution, mass media periodical articles, seminars and field tours. This project also delivered research information in the form of formal guest classroom lectures at various Montana institutions of higher education. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Utilizing data collected from the routine evaluation of crop performance characters, special efforts were made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. This economic performance evaluation has enhanced the ability of producers to make financially sound cultivar selection decisions based on the combination of variety specific yield and protein, coupled with market trends for protein points.

Publications

  • Buteler, M., D. K. Weaver, P. L. Bruckner., G. R. Carlson., J. E. Berg, P. Lamb. 2010 Identification of winter wheat cultivars suitable as trap crops for the wheat stem sawfly based on agronomic traits and semiochemical production. Canadian Entomologist. 142: 222-233.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Eleven small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, and barley. One pea, 1 lentil, 1 chickpea, 1 yellow mustard, 1 Brassica juncea, 1 safflower, 2 canola, and 3 camelina trial(s) was (were) conducted for cultivar yield and quality evaluation. Thirteen small grain cultivar yield and/or quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 7 dryland winter wheat, 4 dryland spring wheat and 2 dryland durum. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi- year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Three camelina rotation studies, 1 camelina seeding date/depth study, 3 cereal and pulse forage studies, 1 spring wheat enhancement study, 5 spring wheat seed blend studies, 1 oilseed fertility study, and 24 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, and spring crop performance was enhanced due to timely precipitation and cooler than average temperatures. On-station spring wheat, barley and durum yields were above average with average or below average quality. Winter wheat yields were above average with increased test weights. Cropping conditions ranged from good to excellent for off-station studies depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was moderate to severe in winter wheat and light to moderate in durum and spring wheat, depending on location. Growing season temperatures were generally cooler with 18 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater with one day exceeding 100 degrees F. Timely moisture during critical periods resulted in very good cereal grain test weights at most locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 144 percent of the 95-year average for this station making seeding and harvest difficult. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 1043 were 81 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 143, 144, 172, 129, and 127 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and safflower, respectively. Research results were disseminated to 126 growers and agribusiness individuals through four presentations at field days and off-station plot research tours totaling 115 contact hours. Research results were further disseminated via locally distributed technical reports, popularized articles in agricultural mass media periodicals, and free distribution of compact disks to agricultural clientele upon request. This research center distributed over 100 compact disks containing approximately 3,000 pages of searchable agronomic data from both on-station and off-station studies conducted from 2000-2009 by six Montana agricultural research centers statewide. PARTICIPANTS: Research individuals directly involved with this project at Northern Agricultural Research Center include Gregg R. Carlson, Associate Professor of Agronomy, Principal Investigator, and Peggy F. Lamb, Research Associate in Agronomy, Project Assistant. Partner organizations include Montana State University Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Central Agricultural Research Center, Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana Cooperative Extension Service in Blaine, Chouteau, Hill and Phillips Counties, Montana Department of Agriculture Wheat and Barley Committee, agricultural industry firms including Agripro, Barkley Ag, Bayer Crop Science, The Camelina Company, Precision Laboratories Inc., Westbred, and Bourgault Industries LTD, and commercial farms including Cederberg Farms, McKeever Farms, Peterson Farms and Flansaas/Lumsden Farms. Collaborators and contacts include Montana Agricultural Research Center scientists D.W. Wichman, C. Chen, J.W. Bergman, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, and G.D. Jackson, Montana State University scientists P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake, and D. Weaver, and Montana State University research associates J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning, and S. Bates. Limited formal training or professional development opportunities occasionally exist as a result of this project for MSU graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and county extension agents. Informal professional development opportunities exist for cooperating agricultural producers and anyone receiving information disseminated as a result of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include agricultural producers, agribusiness entities, agricultural industry, agricultural students, and the general public as well as the scientific community. Access to research information generated by this project is open to all without regard to racial or ethnic background and without regard to social, economic, or educational status. Information delivery efforts include refereed journal articles, reviewed articles, popularized bulletins, technical reports, the Internet, compact disk distribution, mass media periodical articles, seminars, and field tours. On occasion, this project also delivers research information in the form of formal guest classroom lectures at various Montana institutions of higher education. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. This allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Sherman, J.D., D.K. Weaver, M.L. Hofland, S.E. Sing, M. Buteler, S.P. Lanning, Y. Naruoka, F. Crutcher, N.K. Blake, J.M. Martin, P.F. Lamb, G.R. Carlson and L.E. Talbert. Identification of Novel QTL for Sawfly Resistance in Wheat. Crop Science 2010 50:73-86.
  • Talbert, L.E., S.P Lanning, D.M. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K.D. Kephart, G R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, J. H. Miller, D. Nash, P.F. Lamb, W. Grey, D. Nash, R. Johnston, and R. Larson. 2010. EB 2B1093 (Revised February 2010) http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops/2009data
  • Berg, J. E., P. L. Bruckner, G. R. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, K. D. Kephart, P. Lamb, J. H. Miller, G. Opena, N. Riveland, R. N. Stougaard, D. M. Wichman, W. Grey, D. Nash, and R. Larson. 2010. 2010 Winter Wheat Varieties (2009 Data). http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2010data/2010WW.pdf
  • Carlson, G.R., K.D. Kephart, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, J.W. Bergman, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Jackson, P.F. Lamb, G.B. Opena, P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake, J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning and S. Bates. 2010. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2009. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2009/
  • Lanning, S.P, K. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, J.E. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, J.M. Martin, and L.E. Talbert. Climatic change and agronomic performance of hard red spring wheat from 1950 to 2007. Crop Science 2010 50: 3: 835-841


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Thirteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, and barley. One pea, 1 lentil, 1 yellow mustard, 1 Brassica juncea, 1 safflower, 1 canola, and 7 camelina trial(s) was (were) conducted for cultivar yield and quality evaluation. Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and/or quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 5 dryland winter wheat, 4 dryland spring wheat, 2 dryland durum, and 3 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Three camelina rotation studies, 1 camelina seeding date/depth study, 3 cereal and oilseed forage studies, 1 spring wheat enhancement study, 1 spring wheat seed blend study, 1 oilseed fertility study, and 5 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, and spring crop performance was enhanced due to timely precipitation and cooler than average temperatures. On-station spring wheat, barley and durum yields were above average with average or above average quality. Winter wheat yields were below average with increased test weights. Cropping conditions ranged from good to poor for off-station studies depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was moderate to severe in winter wheat and light to moderate in durum and spring wheat. Growing season temperatures were generally cooler with 29 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater with no days exceeding 100 degrees F. Timely moisture during critical periods resulted in very good cereal grain test weights at most locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 93 percent of the 94-year average for this station, but moisture was very timely, with July precipitation at 128 percent of normal. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 2384 were 100 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 81, 127, 123, 117, and 153 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and safflower, respectively. Research results were disseminated to public agricultural clientele and educational partners through 11 seminar presentations reaching 383 individuals for a total of 361 contact hours, and to 129 growers and agribusiness individuals through four presentations at field days and off-station plot research tours totaling 111 contact hours. Research results were further disseminated via locally distributed technical reports, popularized articles in agricultural mass media periodicals, and free distribution of compact disks to agricultural clientele upon request. This research center distributed over 200 compact disks containing approximately 2,800 pages of searchable agronomic data from both on-station and off-station studies conducted from 2000-2008 by six Montana agricultural research centers statewide. PARTICIPANTS: Research individuals directly involved with this project at Northern Agricultural Research Center include Gregg R. Carlson, Associate Professor of Agronomy, Principal Investigator; and Peggy F. Lamb, Research Associate in Agronomy, Project Assistant. Partner organizations include Montana State University Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Central Agricultural Research Center, Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana Cooperative Extension Service in Blaine, Chouteau, Hill and Phillips Counties; Montana Department of Agriculture Wheat and Barley Committee; agricultural industry firms including Agripro, Barkley Ag, INTX Microbials, The Camelina Company, Precision Laboratories Inc, Westbred and Bourgault Industries LTD; and commercial farms including Cederberg Farms, McKeever Farms, Peterson Farms and Flansaas/Lumsden Farms. Collaborators and contacts include Montana Agricultural Research Center scientists D.W. Wichman, C. Chen, J.W. Bergman, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak and G.D. Jackson; Montana State University scientists P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake and D. Weaver; and Montana State University research associates J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning and S. Bates. Limited formal training or professional development opportunities occasionally exist as a result of this project for MSU graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and county extension agents. Informal professional development opportunities exist for cooperating agricultural producers and anyone receiving information disseminated as a result of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include agricultural producers, agribusiness entities, agricultural industry, agricultural students, and the general public as well as the scientific community. Access to research information generated by this project is open to all without regard to racial or ethnic background and without regard to social, economic or educational status. Information delivery efforts include refereed journal articles, reviewed articles, popularized bulletins, technical reports, the Internet, compact disk distribution, mass media periodical articles, seminars, and field tours. On occasion, this project also delivers research information in the form of formal guest classroom lectures at various Montana institutions of higher education. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No formal changes are in effect for this project.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Weaver, David K., Micaela Buteler, Megan L. Hofland, Justin B. Runyon, Chistian Nansen, Luther E. Talbert, Peggy Lamb, and Gregg R. Carlson. 2009. Cultivar Preferences of Ovipositing Wheat Stem Sawflies as Influenced by the Amount of Volatile Attractant. J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3):1009-1017.
  • Cash, S.D., P.L. Bruckner, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, J.E. Berg, R. Hybner, A.N. Hafla, L.M.M. Surber, D.L. Boss, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and N.R. Riveland. 2009. Registration of 'Willow Creek' Forage Wheat. J. Plant Registrations. 3:185-190.
  • Lanning, S.P., G.R. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, D. Nash, A. Dyer, W. Grey, P. Lamb and L.E. Talbert. 2009. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2009data/perf08.pdf
  • Carlson, G.R., K.D. Kephart, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, J.W. Bergman, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, G.D. Jackson, P.F. Lamb, G.B. Opena, P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake, J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning and S. Bates. 2009. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2008. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2008/
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, G.R. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, W. Grey, D. Nash, R. Johnston, and R. Larson. 2009. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2009data/2009%20Winter%20Wheat %20Performance%20Bulletin.pdf


Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, and barley. One pea, 1 lentil, 1 yellow mustard, 2 Brassica juncea, 1 safflower, 1 canola and 5 camelina trial(s) was (were) conducted for cultivar yield and quality evaluation. Eighteen small grain cultivar yield and/or quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 6 dryland winter wheat, 5 dryland spring wheat, 3 dryland durum, and 4 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. One air drill, double-shoot (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) study, 1 camelina rotation study, 2 cereal and oilseed forage studies, 1 fertilizer enhancement study, and 2 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but spring crop performance was poorer than expected due to prolonged cool temperatures delaying early season crop development. On-station barley yields were above average with above average quality, but winter wheat, spring wheat and durum yields were above average with reduced test weights. Cropping conditions ranged from good to poor for off-station studies depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was moderate to severe in winter wheat, light to moderate in durum and severe in spring wheat with one off-station location having light to severe sawfly cutting in spring barley. Growing season temperatures were generally cooler with 27 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater with only 1 day exceeding 100 degrees F. Some late season heat and drought stress during critical periods resulted in cereal grain test weight reduction at most locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 120 percent of the 93-year average for this station, but was limited to early season with July precipitation at 82 percent of normal. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 2220.5 were 93 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 123, 134, 124, 130, and 154 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and safflower, respectively. Research results were disseminated to public agricultural clientele and educational partners through four seminar presentations reaching 228 individuals for a total of 119 contact hours, and to 207 growers and agribusiness individuals through five presentations at field days and off-station plot research tours totaling 134 contact hours. Research results were further disseminated via locally distributed technical reports, popularized articles in agricultural mass media periodicals, and free distribution of compact disks to agricultural clientele upon request. This research center distributed over 200 compact disks containing approximately 2,500 pages of searchable agronomic data from both on-station and off-station studies conducted from 2000-2007 by six Montana agricultural research centers statewide. PARTICIPANTS: Research individuals directly involved with this project at Northern Agricultural Research Center include Gregg R. Carlson, Superintendent and Associate Professor of Agronomy, Principal Investigator; and Peggy F. Lamb, Research Associate in Agronomy, Project Assistant. Partner organizations include Montana State University Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Central Agricultural Research Center, Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana Cooperative Extension Service in Blaine, Chouteau, Hill and Phillips Counties; Montana Department of Agriculture Wheat and Barley Committee; agricultural industry firms including Agripro, Barkley Ag, Bayer Crop Science, Bourgault Industries, Cal/West Seeds, The Camelina Company, Croplan Genetics, Dutch Industries, Interstate Seed, Monsanto, Montana Specialty Mills, Pioneer Hybrid, Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, Simplot, Sustainable Oils and Westbred; and commercial farms including Cederberg Farms, McKeever Farms, Peterson Farms and Flansaas/Lumsden Farms. Collaborators and contacts include Montana Agricultural Research Center scientists D.W. Wichman, C. Chen, J.W. Bergman, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak and G.D. Jackson; Montana State University scientists P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake and D. Weaver; and Montana State University research associates J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning and S. Bates. Limited formal training or professional development opportunities occasionally exist as a result of this project for MSU graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and county extension agents. Informal professional development opportunities exist for cooperating agricultural producers and anyone receiving information disseminated as a result of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include agricultural producers, agribusiness entities, agricultural industry, agricultural students, and the general public as well as the scientific community. Access to research information generated by this project is open to all without regard to racial or ethnic background and without regard to social, economic or educational status. Information delivery efforts include refereed journal articles, reviewed articles, popularized bulletins, technical reports, the Internet, compact disk distribution, mass media periodical articles, seminars, and field tours. On occasion, this project also delivers research information in the form of formal guest classroom lectures at various Montana institutions of higher education. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No formal changes are in effect for this project.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Dyer, A., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2008. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093 Revised.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Nash, D., Dyer, A., Grey, W., Lamb, P. and Talbert, L.E. 2008. Spring Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098 Revised.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Dyer, A., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2008. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2008data/2008%20Winter%20Wheat %20Performance%20Bulletin.pdf
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Nash D. and Talbert, L.E. 2007. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2008data/perf07.pdf
  • Carlson, G.R., Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Bergman, J.W., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Jackson, G.D., Lamb, P.F., Opena, G.B., Bruckner, P.L., Talbert, L.E., Blake, T.K., Berg, J.E., Lanning, S.P., Hensleigh, P.F. and Bates, S. 2008. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2007. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2007


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, and barley. One mustard (Brassica juncea), 1 pea, 1 safflower and 3 camelina trial(s) was (were) conducted for cultivar yield and quality evaluation. Seventeen small grain cultivar yield and/or quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 5 dryland winter wheat, 5 dryland spring wheat, 3 dryland durum, and 4 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Two air drill, double-shoot and mid-bander (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) studies, 3 oilseed adaptation studies, 3 cereal and oilseed forage studies, 2 oilseed seed treatment studies, 2 small grain plant growth regulator studies and 10 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but was followed by hot and dry conditions on-station commencing in June. On-station winter wheat and barley yields were above average with average quality, but spring wheat and durum yields were average to above average with severely reduced test weights due to stress conditions in June-July. Cropping conditions ranged from good to poor for off-station studies depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was moderate to severe in winter wheat, and light to moderate in spring wheat with one off-station location having severe sawfly cutting in spring wheat. Growing season temperatures were generally warmer with 37 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater with eight days exceeding 100 degrees F. Heat and drought stress during critical periods resulted in spring cereal grain test weight reduction at most locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 111 percent of the 92-year average for this station, but was poorly distributed with June and July precipitation at 80 and 72 percent of normal, respectively. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 2517 were 105 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 111, 103, 113, 118, and 127 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and safflower, respectively. Research results were disseminated to public agricultural clientele and educational partners through nine seminar presentations reaching 237 individuals for a total of 207 contact hours, and to 209 growers and agribusiness individuals through seven presentations at field days and off-station plot research tours totaling 113 contact hours. Research results were further disseminated via locally distributed technical reports, popularized articles in agricultural mass media periodicals, and free distribution of compact disks to agricultural clientele upon request. This research center distributed over 200 compact disks containing approximately 2,200 pages of searchable agronomic data from both on-station and off-station studies conducted from 2000-2006 by six Montana agricultural research centers statewide. PARTICIPANTS: Research individuals directly involved with this project at Northern Agricultural Research Center include Gregg R. Carlson, Associate Professor of Agronomy, Principal Investigator; and Peggy F. Lamb, Research Associate in Agronomy, Project Assistant. Partner organizations include Montana State University Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Central Agricultural Research Center, Eastern Agricultural Research Center, Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana Cooperative Extension Service in Blaine, Chouteau, Hill and Phillips Counties; Montana Department of Agriculture Wheat and Barley Committee; agricultural industry firms including Agripro, Barkley Ag, The Camelina Company, Precision Laboratories Inc, Westbred and Bourgault Industries LTD; and commercial farms including Cederberg Farms, McKeever Farms, Peterson Farms and Flansaas/Lumsden Farms. Collaborators and contacts include Montana Agricultural Research Center scientists D.W. Wichman, C. Chen, J.W. Bergman, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak and G.D. Jackson; Montana State University scientists P.L. Bruckner, L.E. Talbert, T.K. Blake and D. Weaver; and Montana State University research associates J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning and S. Bates. Limited formal training or professional development opportunities occasionally exist as a result of this project for MSU graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and county extension agents. Informal professional development opportunities exist for cooperating agricultural producers and anyone receiving information disseminated as a result of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences include agricultural producers, agribusiness entities, agricultural industry, agricultural students, and the general public as well as the scientific community. Access to research information generated by this project is open to all without regard to racial or ethnic background and without regard to social, economic or educational status. Information delivery efforts include refereed journal articles, reviewed articles, popularized bulletins, technical reports, the Internet, compact disk distribution, mass media periodical articles, seminars, and field tours. On occasion, this project also delivers research information in the form of formal guest classroom lectures at various Montana institutions of higher education. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No formal changes are in effect for this project.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M. and Kephart, K.D. 2007. Registration of Nutrasaff Safflower. J. Plant Registrations. 1:129-130.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Berg, J.E., Riveland, N., Eckhoff, J.L., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Carlson, G.R., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Nash, D.L., Grey, W.E., Dyer, A.T, Jin, J. and Chen. X. 2007. Registration of Yellowstone Wheat. J. Plant Registrations. 1: 18-19.
  • Carlson, G.R., Berg, J.E., Stougaard, R.N., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Kushnak, G.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Nash, D.L., Davis, E.S., Grey, W.E. and Bruckner, P.L. 2007. Registration of Bynum Wheat. J. Plant Registrations. 1:16-17.
  • Kephart, K.D., Berg, J.E., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Riveland, N., Kushnak, G.D., Wichman, D.M.; Nash, D.L., Davis, E.S., Grey, W.E. and Bruckner, P.L. 2007. Registration of Hyalite Wheat. J. Plant Registrations. 1:14-15.
  • Lenssen, A.W., Johnson, G.D. and Carlson, G.R. 2007. Cropping sequence and tillage system influences annual crop production and water use in semiarid Montana, USA. Field Crops Research. 100: 32-43.
  • Lenssen, A.W., Waddell, J.T., Johnson, G.D. and Carlson, G.R. 2007. Diversified cropping systems in semiarid Montana: Nitrogen use during drought. Soil & Tillage Research. 94: 362-375.
  • Stougaard, R.N., Berg, J.E., Kephart, K.D., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Riveland, N., Kushnak, G.D.; Nash, D.L., Davis, E.S., Grey, W.E. and Bruckner, P.L. 2007. Registration of Norris Wheat. J. Plant Registrations. 1:12-13.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Dyer, A., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2007. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098 Revised.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Nash, D., Dyer, A., Grey, W., Lamb, P. and Talbert, L.E. 2007. Spring Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093 Revised.
  • Carlson, G.R., Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Bergman, J.W., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Jackson, G.D., Lamb, P.F., Opena, G.B., Bruckner, P.L., Talbert, L.E., Blake, T.K., Berg, J.E., Lanning, S.P., Hensleigh, P.F. and Bates, S. 2007. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2006. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2006


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Eighteen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 5 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 5 dryland winter wheat, 6 dryland spring wheat, 3 dryland spring durum, and 4 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Two air drill, double-shoot and mid-bander (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) studies, 5 oilseed adaptation studies, 4 cereal and oilseed forage studies, 1 cereal seed quality survey study, 1 plant growth regulator study and 10 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but was followed by hot and dry conditions on-station commencing in July. Winter wheat yield and quality was above average, but spring cereal yield and quality was generally reduced due to stress conditions in July. Cropping conditions ranged from fair to poor for off-station studies, depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was moderate to severe at most off-station locations and in winter wheat on-station. Growing season temperatures were generally warmer with 44 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater with only three days exceeding 100 degrees F. Heat and drought stress during critical periods resulted in spring cereal grain test weight reduction at most locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 82.6 percent of the 91-year average for this station, but was poorly distributed with July precipitation at 21 percent of normal. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 2491 were 104 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 116, 84, 85, 110, 104, and 91 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, oats, and safflower, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Berg, J.E., Stougaard, R.N., Cook, C.R., Kephart, K.D., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Riveland, N., Kushnak, G.D., Nash, D.L. and Bruckner, P.L. 2006. Registration of MT1159CL Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:1395-1396.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M. and Kephart, K.D. 2006. Registration of Montola 2004 Safflower. Crop Sci. 46:1818-1819.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Berg, J.E., Carlson, G.R., Riveland, N., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Hockett, E.A. and Nash, D.L. 2006. Registration of Paul Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:981-982.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Berg, J.E., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N. and Nash, D.L. 2006. Registration of Genou Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:982-983.
  • Engel, R.E., Long, D.S. and Carlson, G.R. 2006. Grain protein as a post-harvest index of nitrogen status for winter wheat in the northern Great Plains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86:425-431.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Nash, D., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Eckhoff, J.L., Grey, W.E., Dyer, A. and Talbert, L.E. 2006. Registration of Vida Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:2315-2316.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Dyer, A., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2006. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098.
  • Carlson, G.R., Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Bergman, J.W., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Jackson, G.D., Lamb, P.F., Opena, G.B., Bruckner, P.L., Talbert, L.E., Blake, T.K., Berg, J.E., Lanning, S.P. and Hensleigh, P.F. 2006. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2005. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2005.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D. and Kephart, K.D. 2006. Barley Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1094.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Bocksnick, K., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Nash, D., Kephart, K.D., Larson, R., Stougaard, R.N. and Wichman, D.M. 2006. Oat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1096.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Nash, D. and Talbert, L.E. 2006. Spring Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Dyer, A., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2006. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2006data/06WWBulletin.pdf.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D. and Kephart, K.D. 2006. Barley Variety Performance Summary for Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2006data/barley2005final.pdf.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Bocksnick, K., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Nash, D., Kephart, K.D., Larson, R., Stougaard, R.N. and Wichman, D.M. 2006. Oat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2006data/oatvarperbulletin05fi nal.pdf. Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Nash, D. and Talbert, L.E. 2006. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2006data/springwhteditedtables .pdf.


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Seventeen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 5 dryland winter wheat, 5 dryland spring wheat, 3 dryland spring durum, and 4 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary, sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. Two air drill, double-shoot and mid-bander (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) studies, 2 oilseed adaptation studies, 1 cereal seed quality survey study, and 3 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but was followed by moderately dry conditions on-station commencing in July. Cropping conditions ranged from fair to excellent for off-station studies, depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was severe at most off-station locations and in winter wheat on-station. Growing season temperatures were generally normal with 28 days reaching 90 degrees F or greater and only two days exceeding 100 degrees F. However, limited heat stress during critical periods resulted in cereal grain test weight reduction at some locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 106 percent of the 90-year average for this station, but was somewhat poorly distributed with June precipitation at 195 percent of normal and July at 36 percent of normal. Growing Degree Day (GDD, Base 50) values at 2272 were 95 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 115, 154, 133, 137, 140, and 111 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, oats, and safflower, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M. and Kephart, K.D. 2005. Registration of Montola 2003 Safflower. Crop Sci. 45:801-802.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2005. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D. and Talbert, L.E. 2005. Spring Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D. and Kephart, K.D. 2005. Barley Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1094.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N. Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2005. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2005data/05WWBulletin.pdf
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D. and Talbert, L.E. 2005. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2005data/springwhtperf05.pdf
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D. and Kephart, K.D. 2005. Barley Variety Performance Summary for Montana. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2005data/Barley2005.pdf
  • Carlson, G.R., Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Bergman, J.W., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Jackson, G.D., Lamb, P.F., Opena, G.B., Miller, J.H., Abdushaeva, Y., Bruckner, P.L., Talbert, L.E., Blake, T.K., Berg, J.E., Lanning, S.P. and Hensleigh, P.F. 2005. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers, 2004. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2005/


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Fifteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 6 dryland winter wheat, 4 dryland spring wheat, 2 dryland spring durum, and 3 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary, sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. One air drill, double-shoot opener (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) study, 1 air-drilled barley end-use study, 1 winter wheat winter injury study, 2 oilseed adaptation studies, 1 winter wheat nutrition study, and 7 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but was followed by moderately dry conditions on-station commencing in June. Cropping conditions ranged from fair to excellent for off-station studies, depending upon location. Stem cutting by wheat stem sawfly was severe at most off-station locations. Growing season temperatures were generally below average with 13 days 90 degrees F or greater and only one day over 100 degrees F. However, limited heat stress during critical periods resulted in cereal grain test weight reduction at some locations. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was 126 percent of the 89-year average for this station, but was somewhat poorly distributed; & GDD (Growing Degree Days, Base 50) values at 2050 were 86 percent of normal. Mean, on-station nursery yields were 131, 113, 131, 91, and 106 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, oats, and safflower, respectively

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., and Talbert, L.E. 2004. Spring Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093. Revised February 2004. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., and Kephart, K.D. 2004. Barley Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1094. Revised February 2004. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Hensleigh, P., Blake, T., Bocksnick, K., Carlson, G., Eckhoff, J., Nash, D., Johnston, R., Kephart, K., Larson, R., Stougaard, R., Wichman, D. 2004. Oat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1096. Revised February 2004. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Carlson, G.R., Kephart, K.D., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Bergman, J.W., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Lamb, P.F., Opena, G.B., Thaut, R., Bruckner, P.L., Talbert, L.E., Blake, T.K., Berg, J.E., Lanning, S.P., Meers, S., Weaver, D., Morrill, W., and Hensleigh, P.F. 2004. Montana Wheat and Barley Committee Report from the MAES Agricultural Research Centers 2003. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2003.
  • Johnson, D.L., Wichman, D.M., Chen, C., Kephart, K.D., Lamb, P., Carlson, G.R., and Jackson, G.D. 2004. Development of Camelina sativa as a Fatty Acid Source. 2004 Proceedings of the Association for Advancement of Industrial Crops. p.43. Minneapolis, MN.
  • Souza, E.J., Martin, J.M., Guttieri, M.J., OBrien, K.M., Habernicht, D.K., Lanning, S.P., McLean, R., Carlson, G.R., and Talbert, L.E. 2004. Influence of Genotype, Environment, and Nitrogen Management on Spring Wheat Quality. Crop Sci. 44:425-432.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Nash, D., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Eckhoff, J.L., Grey, W.E., and Talbert, L.E. 2004. Registration of Choteau Wheat. Crop Sci. 44:2264-2265.
  • Martin, John M., Talbert, Luther E., Habernicht, Debra K., Lanning, Susan, P., Sherman, Jamie D., Carlson, Gregg, and Giroux, Michael J. 2004. Reduced Amylose Effects on Bread and White Salted Noodle Quality. Cereal Chem. 81:(2):188-193.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Nash, D., Johnston, R., and Larson, R. 2004. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098. Revised February 2004. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Twelve small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 4 off station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 6 dryland winter wheat, 4 dryland spring wheat, 2 dryland spring durum, and 3 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary, sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. One air drill, double-shoot opener (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) study, 1 air-drilled barley end-use study, 3 winter wheat cultivar x N x water regime studies, and 6 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Three alternative crop demonstration trials were conducted on-station. Widespread drought again negatively affected crops throughout portions of north central Montana. Early season stored soil moisture and precipitation was adequate, but was followed by severe drought and heat stress commencing in late June. Cropping conditions ranged from very poor to fair for off-station studies, depending upon location. Conditions on-station were adverse with the last appreciable cropping season rainfall received on June 19-20 followed by hail on June 20 which resulted in moderate to severe crop damage. July and August temperatures were far above average with 40 days over 90 degrees F and 10 days over 100 degrees F resulting in severe crop stress. Growing season (April-July) precipitation was poorly distributed, but at 18 cm was 105 percent of the 88 year average for this station; & GDD (Growing Degree Days, Base 50) values at 2564 were 107 percent of normal. Mean, on-station nursery yields were 60, 32, 34, 22, 31, and 46 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, oats, and safflower, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Engel, R.E., Long, D.S. and Carlson, G.R. 2003. Predicting straw yield of hard red spring wheat. Agron. J. 95:1454-1460.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Berg, J.E., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Riveland, N., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D, Eckhoff, J.L., Hockett, E.A. and Habernicht, D.K. 2003. Registration of BigSky wheat. Crop Sci. 43:735-736.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Eckhoff, J.L., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Riveland, N., Hockett, E.A. and Habernicht, D.K. 2003 Registration of NuSky wheat. Crop Sci. 43:736-737.
  • Lanning, S.P., Habernicht, D.K., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., Eckhoff, J.L., Carlson, G.R., Grey, W.E. and L.E. Talbert. 2003. Registration of Outlook wheat. Crop Sci. 43:2302.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Grey, W., Habernicht, D., Nash, D., Johnston, R. and Larson, R. 2003. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1098.
  • Lanning, S.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D. and Talbert, L.E. 2003. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1093.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Mickelson, S.M., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D. and Kephart, K.D. 2003. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B 1094.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M. and Habernicht, D. 2003. Winter wheat cultivars (2002 data): Performance evaluation and recommendations. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/winterwheat/default.htm.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Fifteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under chemical fallow conditions on station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 3 off station locations in 3 northern Montana counties included 5 dryland winter wheat, 5 dryland spring wheat, 2 dryland spring durum, and 3 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Cooperative research in site specific spring wheat nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor equipped combines & GPS. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary, sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. One air drill double-shoot opener (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) study, 1 air-drilled barley end-use study, 3 winter wheat cultivar x N x water regime studies, and 7 small grain pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Widespread drought negatively affected crops throughout most of north central Montana until rains ultimately commenced in May and then resulted in above-normal precipitation totals for May through August. Cropping conditions ranged from very poor to good for off-station studies, depending upon location. Conditions on-station were generally good after May 6 with growing season (April-July) precipitation of 22.5 cm, 131 percent of the 87 year average for this station; & GDD (Growing Degree Days, Base 50) values at 2130 were 89 percent of normal. Mean on-station nursery yields were 80, 92, 85, and 77 percent of the 10 year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats, respectively. Mean on-station nursery yields were 106 percent of the 7-year average for spring durum.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity. Such allows producers to make economically sound cultivar selection decisions.

Publications

  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Habernicht, D., Johnston, R., Kephart, K.D., Kushnak, G.D., Larson, R., Stougaard, R.N., and Wichman, D.M. 2002. Barley variety performance summary for Montana. EB 1094 (Revised).
  • Long, D., Engel, R., and Carlson, G. 2002. Gross value of spring wheat under precision nitrogen management in relation to protein premiums. Conference Abstracts. The 6th International Conference on Precision Agriculture. 14-17 July 2002, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Blake, T., Bowman, J.P.G., Hensleigh, P., Kushnak, G., Carlson, G., Welty, L., Eckhoff, J., Kephart, K., and Wichman, D. 2002. Registration of H3860224 barley. Crop Sci. 42:1747-1748.
  • Blake, T., Bowman, J.G.P., Hensleigh, P., Kushnak, G., Carlson, G., Welty, L., Eckhoff, J., Kephart, K., Wichman, D., and Hayes, P.M. 2002. Registration of Valier barley. Crop Sci. 42:1748-1749.
  • Habernicht, D.K., Berg, J.E., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Martin, J.M., Talbert, L.E., and Bruckner, P.L. 2002. Pan bread and raw Chinese noodle qualities in hard red winter wheat genotypes grown in water-limited environments. Crop Sci. 42:1396-1403.
  • Lanning, S.P., Habernicht, D.K., Grey, W.E., Carlson, G.R., Giroux, M.E., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K., and Talbert, L.E. 2002. Registration of Explorer wheat. Crop Sci. 42:986.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Johnston, R., Habernicht, D., Kephart, K.D., Kushnak, G.D., Larson, R., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., and Wichman, D.M. 2002. Winter wheat variety performance summary in Montana. EB 1098 (Revised).
  • Talbert, L.E., Lanning, S.P., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Kephart, K.D., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, K.D., Habernicht, D., Johnston, R., and Larson, R. 2002. Spring wheat variety performance for Montana. EB 1093 (Revised).


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Thirteen small grain cultivar yield and quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower cultivars were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain cultivar yield and quality studies conducted at 4 off-station locations in 4 northern Montana counties included 7 dryland winter wheat, 4 dryland spring wheat, and 3 dryland barley. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Cooperative research in site-specific spring wheat nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor equipped combines and GPS. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary, sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. One Brassica juncea crop cultivar trial, 1 air drill double-shoot opener (seed and fertilizer placement configuration) study, 1 air-drilled barley end-use study, 1 air-drilled spring wheat seeding rate x seed bandwidth study for wild oat control, 3 winter wheat cultivar x N x water regime studies, and 4 wheat pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Widespread drought negatively affected crops throughout most of north central Montana. Cropping conditions ranged from very poor to good for off-station studies, depending upon location. Conditions on-station were generally poor with growing season (April-July) precipitation of 12.2 cm, 89 percent of the 85-year average for this station; and GDD (Growing Degree Days, Base 50) values at 2598 were 108 percent of normal. Relentless winds at 110 percent of normal served to compound the effects of heat and drought through increased evaporative water loss. Mean on-station nursery yields were 47, 45, 45, and 39 percent of the 10-year average for winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the long-term economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., and Wichman, D.M. 2001. Registration of `Centennial' Safflower. Crop Sci. 41:1639-1640.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., and Wichman, D.M. 2001. Registration of `Morlin' Safflower. Crop Sci. 41:1640.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Habernicht, D., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., and Talbert, L.E. 2001. Comparative Bread Quality of Milled White Flour and Whole Grain Flour for Hard Red Spring and Winter Wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1917-1920.
  • Holen, D.L., Bruckner, P.L., Martin, J.M., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., and Berg, J.E. 2001. Response of winter wheat to simulated stand reduction. Agron. J. 93:364-370.
  • Lanning, S.P., Habernicht, D.K., Greg, W.E., Carlson, G.R., Gioux, M.J., Eckoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D., Kephart, K., and Talbert, L.E. 2001. Registration of `MTHW9420' wheat. Crop Sci. 41:927-928.
  • Habernicht, D.K., Berg, J.E., Carlson, G.R., Wichman, D.M., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Martin, J.M., Talbert, L.E., and Bruckner, P.L.*. Pan Bread and Raw Chinese Noodle Qualities in Hard Winter Wheat Genotypes Grown in Diverse Montana Environments. Crop Sci. (Accepted Dec 2001).
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnston, R., and Mathre, D. 2001. Winter Wheat Varieties - Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. MSU-ES Bulletin 1098. Revised March 2001.


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Fifteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, and oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain variety yield and quality studies conducted at 3 off-station locations in 3 northern Montana counties included 5 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, & 3 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Cooperative research in site-specific SW nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor equipped combines and GPS. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. Two pulse crop variety trials, 1 air drill opener study, 3 SW cultivar x N x water studies, and 6 heat pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Overall cropping conditions were fair with growing season (Apr-Jul) precipitation of 15.3 cm, 89 percent of the 85-year average for this station; and GDD (base 50) values at 2410 were 101 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 143, 98, 89, & 84 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, and Oats, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity.

Publications

  • Long, D. S., Engel, R.E, and Carlson, G.R. 2000. Method for Precision Nitrogen Management in Spring Wheat: II. Implementation. Precision Agriculture. 2:25-38.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., and Wichman, D.M. 2000. Registration of `Montola 2000' Safflower. Crop Sci. 40-572-573.
  • Bergman, J.W., Riveland, N.R., Flynn, C.R., Carlson, G.R., and Wichman, D.M. 2000. Registration of `Montola 2001' Safflower. Crop Sci. 40-573-574.
  • Lanning, S.P., Bowman, H.F., Habernicht, D., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., and Talbert, L.E. 2000. Registration of `Scholar' Wheat. Crop Sci. 40:861-862.
  • Engel, R. E., Long, D.S., Carlson, G.R., and Meier, C. 1999 (in-print 2000). Method for Precision Nitrogen Management in Spring Wheat: I. Fundamental Relationships. Precision Agriculture. 1:327-338.
  • Lanning, S.P., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Kephart, K., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., and Talbert, L.E. 2000. Spring Wheat Varieties - Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. MSU-ES Bulletin 1093. Revised February 2000.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.P., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., and Wichman, D.M. 2000. Barley Varieties - Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. MSU-ES Bulletin 1094. Revised February 2000.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnston, R. and Mathre, D. 2000. Winter Wheat Varieties - Performance Evaluation and Recommendations. MSU-ES Bulletin 1098. Revised February 2000.
  • Bruckner, P.L., Stougaard, R.N., Carlson, G.R., and Berg, J.E. 2000. Potassium Fertilization for Enhanced Stem Solidness & Wheat Stem Sawfly Control. American Soc. of Agronomy. Minneapolis, MN. 5-9 Nov. 2000. p.110 In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
  • Johnson, G.D., Blodgett, S.L., Carlson, G.R., Grey, W.R., Lenssen, A.W., Mathre, D.E., Miller, C.A., and Rolston, M.G. 2000. Interactions Among Cropping Systems and Pests in Dryland Wheat Production in North Central Montana. American Soc. of Agronomy. Minneapolis, MN. 5-9 Nov. 2000. p.136 In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Fifteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, & oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield & quality. Sixteen small grain variety yield & quality studies conducted at 3 off-station locations in 3 northern Montana counties included 5 Dry WW, 9 Dry SW, & 2 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Cooperative research in site specific SW nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor equipped combines & GPS. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were continued. Two pulse crop variety trials, 1 SW seed rate & placement study, 1 WW variable seed and nitrogen rate study, 1 air drill opener study, 3 SW cultivar x N x water studies, 1 WW simulated hail injury study, & 6 wheat pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Overall cropping conditions were good with growing season (Apr-Jul) precipitation of 21.8 cm, 126 percent of the 84-year average for this station; & GDD (base 50) values at 2147 were 90 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 126, 103, 99, & 107 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, & Oats, respectively.

Impacts
In addition to routine evaluation of wheat crop performance characters, special efforts are made to compare the economic performance of hard red winter and spring wheat cultivars on the basis of dollar return as influenced by the combined effects of yield, protein and corresponding market activity.

Publications

  • Lanning, S.P., D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, H.F. Bowman, and L.E. Talbert. 1999. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1093. February 1999.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, D.M. Wichman, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, and G.D. Kushnak. 1999. Barley Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1094. February 1999.
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, J. Eckhoff, D. Habernicht, D. Mathre, R. Johnston, and N. Riveland. 1999. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary in Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1098. March 1999.
  • Lanning, S.P., D. Habernicht, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, K. Kephart, and L.E. Talbert. 1999. Scholar Spring Wheat. HO 0012. November 1999.
  • Engel, Richard, Gregg Carlson, and Dan Long. 1999. Post-Harvest Evaluation of N Management for Spring Wheat Using Grain Protein. MSU Fertilizer Facts. #21.
  • Long, D., R. Engel, and G. Carlson. 1999. Grain Protein Mapping for Precision Management of Dryland Wheat. p. 787-796. In P.C. Robert et al. (ed.) Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Precision Agriculture, Mpls, MN 19-22 July 1998. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Long, D., G. Nielsen, R. Engel, B. Kozar, G. Carlson, B. Maxwell, and A. Bussan. 1999. Lessons Learned in Wheat. American Soc. of Agronomy. Salt Lake City, UT. 31 Oct. - 4 Nov. 1999. p. 59. In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
  • Bruckner, P.L., D.K. Habernicht, J.E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, G.D. Kushnak, H. TeSlaa, J.A. Kennedy, and M.J. Giroux. 1999. Progress in Development of Dual-Purpose Winter Wheat Cultivars. American Soc. of Agronomy, Salt Lake City, UT. 31 Oct. - 4 Nov. 1999. p.71. In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
  • Berg, J.E., G.R. Carlson, and P.L. Bruckner. 1999. Crop Residue and Grain Yield Relationships in Winter Wheat. American Soc. of Agronomy, Salt Lake City, UT. 31 Oct. - 4 Nov. 1999. P. 111. In Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.
  • Habernicht, D.K., J.E. Berg, S.P. Lanning, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, G.D. Kushnak, L.E. Talbert, J.A. Kennedy, H. TeSlaa, and P.L. Bruckner. 1999. Comparative Quality of Montana Bread Wheats in Milled White Flour and Whole Grain Bread Products. American Association of Cereal Chemists, Seattle, WA. 31 Oct. - 3 Nov. 1999.


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Sixteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, & oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield & quality. Twenty-one small grain variety yield & quality studies conducted at 6 off-station locations in 5 northern Montana counties included 7 Dry WW, 10 Dry SW, & 4 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. An off-station study compared wheat economic return under conditions of low vs optimum fertility. Cooperative research in site-specific SW nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor-equipped combines & GPS. Long-term, cooperative, multi-disciplinary sustainable cereal pest management system rotation studies were initiated. One alfalfa variety trial, 2 pulse crop variety trials, 1 SW seed rate & placement study, 5 air drill opener studies, 3 SW cultivar x N x water studies, 1 SW plant growth regulator study, & 12 wheat pest management studies were conducted on or off-station. Overall cropping conditions were fair with growing season (Apr-Jul) precipitation of 22.3 cm, 130 percent (poorly distributed) of the 83-year average for this station; & GDD (base 50) values at 110 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 99, 96, 97, & 106 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, & Oats, respectively.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Lang,C.E., S.P.Lanning, G.R.Carlson, G.D.Kushnak, P.L.Bruckner, and L.E.Talbert. 1998. Relationship between Baking and Noodle Quality in Hard White Spring Wheat. Crop Sci. 38:823-827.
  • Westcott,M.P., S.D.Cash, J.S.Jacobsen, G.R.Carlson, and L.E.Welty. 1998. Sap Analysis for Diagnosis of Nitrate Accumulation in Cereal Forages. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 29(9&10):1355-1363.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, L.E.Talbert, S.P.Lanning, D.M.Wichman, J.L.Eckhoff, G.R.Carlson, R.N.Stougaard, and G.D.Kushnak. 1998. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1093.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, T.K.Blake, P.F.Hensleigh, D.M.Wichman, G.R.Carlson, R.N.Stougaard, J.L.Eckhoff, and G.D.Kushnak. 1998. Barley Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1094.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, P.Bruckner, J.W.Bergman, J.L.Eckhoff, D.M.Wichman, G.D.Kushnak, G.R.Carlson, and R.N.Stougaard. 1998. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1098.
  • Westcott, M., G.Carlson, J.Jacobsen, J.Eckhoff, G.Jackson, and B. Stougaard. 1998. Economic Value of Late-Season N Applications to Irrigated Spring Wheat. MSU Fertilizer Facts. #20.
  • Cash,S.D., H.F.Bowman, R.L.Dunn, R.L.Ditterline, L.E.Welty, L.Prestbye, D.M.Wichman, G.R.Carlson, J.Bergman, J.Eckhoff, and G.Stallknecht. 1998. 1997 Alfalfa Varieties. MAES Revised Special Report 62.
  • Dunn, R.L., R.L.Ditterline, D.Cash, L.Welty, L.Prestbye, D.Wichman, G.Carlson, J.Bergman, J.Eckhoff, and G.Stallknecht. 1998. 1997 Summary of Montana Alafalfa Trials. p.40-78. In Evans, D.W. (Ed.) 1997 Alfalfa Yield Trial Results - Western Alfalfa Improvement Conference. WAIC 13.


Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
Fifteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum, barley, & oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield & quality. Sixteen small grain variety yield & quality studies conducted at 5 off-station locations in 5 northern Montana counties included 4 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, & 6 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield & protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. An off-station study compared wheat economic return under conditions of low vs optimum fertility. Cooperative research in site-specific SW nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic mapping using monitor and protein sensor-equipped combines & GPS. One alfalfa variety yield trial, one covered wheat study, one SW seed rate & placement study, one air drill opener study, two cereal establishment system studies, one SW cultivar x N x water study, one SW plant growth regulator study, & three wheat disease management studies were conducted on- station. Overall cropping conditions were generally good with growing season (Apr-Jul) precipitation of 15.7 cm, 92 percent of the 82-year average for this station; & GDD (base 50) values at 108 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 109, 126, 115, & 117 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, & Oats, respectively.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Carlson,G., et. al. 1997. Registration of `Vanguard' Wheat. Crop Sci.
  • Bruckner,P., et. al. 1997. Registration of `Rampart' Wheat. Crop Sci.
  • Wichman,D., et. al. 1997. Registration of `Erhardt' Wheat. Crop Sci. 37:1004-1005.
  • Bruckner,P.L., J.L.Eckhoff, J.E.Berg, et. al. 1997. Registration of `McGuire' Wheat. Crop Sci. 37:1005-1006.
  • Jacobsen,Jeffrey S., Scott H.Lorbeer, et. al. 1997 Reduced-Till Spring Wheat Response to Fertilizer Sources and Placement Methods. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 28(13&14):1237-1244.
  • Jackson,G.D., G.D.Kushnak, et. al. 1997. Correlation of the Olsen Phosphorus Soil Test: Spring Wheat Response. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 28(9&10):813-822.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, et. al. 1997. Spring Wheat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1093.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, et. al. 1997. Barley Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1094.
  • Bowman,H.F., et. al. 1997. Oat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1096.
  • Bowman,H.F., et. al. 1997. Winter Wheat Variety Performance Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bulletin 1098.
  • Cash,S., et. al. 1997 Alfalfa Varieties:Montana Performance Summaries. AES Special Report 62.
  • Long,D. S., et. al. 1997. Maximizing Protein and Profits in Montana's Golden Triangle. Precision Farming. August,1997. p.24-28.


Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
Fifteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, & oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield & quality. Fifteen small grain variety yield & quality studies conducted at 5 off-station locations in 5 northern Montana counties included 3 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, & 6 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield % protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. An off-station study compared wheat economic return under conditions of low versus optimum fertility. Cooperative research in site-specific nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic yield mapping using monitor-equipped combines & survey-grade GPS. Three alfalfa variety yield trials, one cereal grain variety generation study, one seed rate & placement study, one spring wheat cultivar x nitrogen x available water study, & four wheat disease management studies were conducted. Horticultural investigations included a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were generally good with growing season precipitation of 27.3 cm, 89 percent of the 81-year average for this station; & GDD (base 50) values at 97 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 108, 94, 85, & 96 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, & Oats, respectively.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, P.Bruckner, J.W.Bergman, J.L.Eckhoff, D.M.Wichman, G.D.Kushnak, G.R.Carlson, R.N.Stougaard, and G.F.Stallknecht. 1996. Winter Wheat Variety Perf Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bull 1098.
  • Long,D.S., G.R.Carlson, and G.A.Nielsen. 1996. Cost Analysis of Variable Rate Nitrogen Fertilization: Case Studies in Northern Montana. Proc of Great Plains.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, L.E.Talbert, D.M.Wichman, J.L.Eckhoff, G.R.Carlson, R.N.Stougaard, G.D.Kushnak, and G.F.Stallknecht. 1996. Spring Wheat Variety Perf Summary for Montana. Revised ES Bull 1093.
  • Bowman,H.F., S.D.Cash, T.K.Blake, D.M.Wichman, G.R.Carlson, R.N.Stougaard, J.L.Eckhoff, G.F.Stallknecht, and G.D.Kushnak. 1996. Barley Variety Perf Summaryfor Montana. Revised ES Bull 1094.
  • Blake,T.K., P.F.Hensleigh, E.A.Hockett, H.F.Bowman, G.R.Carlson, L.E.Oberthur, G.Kushnak, D.Wichman, J.Eckhoff, and K.M.Gilbertson. 1996. Registration of `Chinook' Barley. Crop Sci. 36:809-810.
  • Bruckner,P.L., G.A.Taylor, R.N.Stougaard, G.D.Jackson,G.R.Carlson,J.L.Eckhoff, G.D.Kushnak, G.F.Stallknecht, D.M.Wichman, H.F.Bowman, D.E.Mathre,E.A.Hockett, and C.F.McGuire. 1996. Registration of `Nuwest' Wheat. Crop Sci. 36:209.
  • Jacobsen,J.S., S.H.Lorbeer, H.A.R.Houlton, and G.R.Carlson. 1996. Nitrogen Fertilization of Dryland Grasses in the Northern Great Plains. J. Range Mgmt. 49:340-345.


Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
Fourteen small grain variety yield & quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, & oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield & quality. Sixteen small grain variety yield & quality studies conducted at 5 off-station locations in 5 northern Montana counties included 4 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, & 6 Dry Bly. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield % protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. An off-station study compared wheat economic return under conditions of low versus optimum fertility. Cooperative research in site-specific nutrient management was continued at landscape scale off-station with electronic yield mapping using monitor-equipped combines & survey-grade GPS. Four alfalfa variety yield trials, two cereal grain variety generation studies, one seed size study, & four wheat disease management studies were conducted. Horticultural investigations included a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were excellent with growing season precipitation of 32.7 cm, 191 percent of the 80-year average for this station; & GDD (base 50) values 93 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 166, 162, 108, & 182 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, & Oats, respectively. Cooler temperatures & 199 percent of normal precipitation for July & August resulted in above average test weights for all cereals.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

    Outputs
    Eleven small grain variety yield and quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats. Safflower and canola varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain variety yield and quality studies conducted at 5 off-station locations in 5 Northern montana counties included 2 Dry WW, 6 Dry Sw, 6 Dry Bly, and 1 Dry Oats. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. A new study compared wheat economic return under conditions of low versus optimum fertility. Cooperative research in site-specific management was initiated with electronic yield mapping using a combine monitor and survey-grade GPS. Four alfalfa variety yield trials, one cereal forage trial, two cereal grain variety generation studies, one seed size study, and two covered wheat studies were conducted on-station. Horticultural investigations included a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were good with growing season precipitation of 15.8 cm, 93 percent of the 79-year average for this station; and GDD (base 50) values 108 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 143, 128, 117, and 132 percent of the 10-year average for WW, SW, Bly, and Oats, respectively. Higher temperatures and 32 percent of normal precipitation for July resulted in reduced test weights for SW and Bly.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications


      Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

      Outputs
      Twelve small grain variety yield and quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on-station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain variety yield and quality studies conducted at five off-station locations in five Northern Montana counties included 2 Dry WW, 5 Dry SW, 5 Dry Bly, and 2 Dry Oats. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Five- year data were summarized for dryland crop residue/grain relationships with 15 SW and 10 Bly cultivars. Four alfalfa variety yield trials, two cereal forage trials, two cereal grain variety generation studies, two seed size evaluation studies, and one emmer evaluation study were conducted on-station. Five phosphorous soil test calibration studies were conducted off- station. GIS techniques were utilized to develop statewide maps showing cropland areas similar to each of nine MAES fixed research locations. Horticultural investigations included a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were good with growing season precipitation of 30.7 cm, 181 percent of the 77-year average for this station, but GDD (base 50) values were only 89 percent of normal. Mean nursery yields were 160, 183, and 175 percent of the 10 year average for SW, Bly, and Oats, respectively. WSMV disease severely reduced WW yield.

      Impacts
      (N/A)

      Publications


        Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

        Outputs
        Twelve small grain variety yield and quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on the station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats. Safflower and canola varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain variety yield and quality studies conducted at five off- station locations in five northern Montana counties included 2 Dry WW, 5 Dry SW, 5 Dry Bly, and 2 Dry Oats. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Four alfalfa yield trials, three cereal grain variety generation studies, one seed size evaluation study, and one large-seeded legume trial were conducted on station. Work continued with development of an on-station GIS. A 64-channel, automated weather station facility was established on the station in cooperation with the federal Global Change Pilot Project. Horticultural investigations included a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Severe hailstorms on three separate occasions resulted in 100 percent loss of all on-station crop research and further resulted in over $100,000 damage to station buildings. Half of the off-station trials were also lost with the remainder at least damaged by hail, drought, or August snow.

        Impacts
        (N/A)

        Publications


          Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91

          Outputs
          Eleven small grain variety yield and quality trials conducted under fallow conditions on the station included winter wheat, spring wheat, barley, and oats. Safflower and canola varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain variety yield and quality studies conducted at seven off-station locations in five northern Montana counties included 2 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, 5 Dry Bly, and 2 Dry oats. Average annual wheat market price matrices were coupled with wheat yield and protein values to compare multi-year variety performance on the basis of gross dollar return. Four alfalfa yield trials, three small grain pest control investigations, three hail simulation studies, two small grain seeding rate and date studies, two cereal grain variety generation studies, one seed size evaluation study, and one large-seeded alternate legume trial were conducted on station. Work continued with development of an on-station GIS with intensive soil variability mapping and study of associated crop response. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were excellent with growing season precipitation of 27.9 cm, 168 percent of the 75-year average for this station. Mean nursery yields were 144, 156, 177, and 138 percent of the ten year average for WW, SW, Bly, and Oats, respectively.

          Impacts
          (N/A)

          Publications


            Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90

            Outputs
            Nine small grain variety trials conducted under fallow conditions on the stationincluded winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, barley quality, and oat yield. Safflower and canola varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain yield studies were conducted at six off-station locations in five counties to include 2 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, 5 Dry Bly, and 1 Dry Oats. Three alfalfa yield trials, one small grain pest control investigation, three hail simulation studies, three small grain seeding rate and date studies, two cereal grain variety generation studies, and one large-seeded alternate legume trial were conducted on station. Work continued with development of an on-station GIS and intensive soil variability mapping and associated crop response. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Overall cropping conditions were poor with growing season precipitation of 11.1 cm, 67 percent of the seventy-four year average for this station; and abnormal heat at times of critical crop development resulted in yield and quality performance below potential. Mean nursery yields were 98, 70, 87, and 75 percent of the ten-year average for WW, SW, Bly, and Oats, respectively.

            Impacts
            (N/A)

            Publications


              Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

              Outputs
              Ten small grain variety trials conducted under fallow conditions on the station included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, barley quality and oat yield. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Sixteen small grain yield studies were conducted at five off-station locations in five counties to include 2 Dry WW, 6 Dry SW, 1 Recrop SW, 5 Dry Bly, 1 Recrop Bly, 1 Dry Oats. Five forage yield investigations on station included alfalfa and grass selections. Two small grain pest control investigations, three simulated hail studies, one growth regulator study, and two cereal grain variety generation investigations were conducted on station. CIR imagery and GIS data was utilized in research plot siting studies. Work continued with development of an on-station GIS system in cooperation with a graduate student at Cornell University. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Growing conditions were fair with growing season precipitation 21.7 cm, 131 percent of the seventy-three year average for this center; however abnormal heat at times of critical crop development resulted in yield performance below potential. Mean nursery yields were 95, 79, 89, and 82% of the ten-year average for WW, SW, Bly and Oats, respectively.

              Impacts
              (N/A)

              Publications


                Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

                Outputs
                Ten small grain variety trials conducted under fallow conditions on the station included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, barley quality and oat yield. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fifteen small grain yield studies were conducted at five off-station locations in five counties to include 2 Dry WW, 5 Dry SW, 1 Recrop SW, 5 Dry Bly, 1 Recrop Bly, 1 Dry Oats. Six forage yield investigations on station included alfalfa and grass selections. Nine small grain weed control investigations, one herbicide residue study, and two cereal grain variety generation investigations were conducted on station. CIR imagery was utilized in research plot siting studies and evaluation of SW variety performance on contrasting soil series within a single field. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trail and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Growing conditions were severely stressed with growing season precipitation of 7.8 cm, 41 percent of the seventy-two year average for this center. Above normal heat at times of critical crop development coupled with below average precipitation resulted in yield performance far below potential. Fifty-three days were over 32 C compared with the long-term average of 25.6. All recrop small grain, forages and weed control studies were lost to drought. Mean nursery yields were 38, 45, 47 and 46% of the ten-year average for WW, SW, Bly and Oats, respectively.

                Impacts
                (N/A)

                Publications


                  Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

                  Outputs
                  Fourteen small grain variety trials conducted under fallow or recrop conditions on the station included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, barley quality and oat yield. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain yield studies were conducted at eight off-station locations in five counties to include 2 Dry WW, 5 Dry SW, 2 Recrop SW, 5 Dry Bly, 2 Recrop Bly, 1 Dry Oats. Six forage yield investigations on station included alfalfa and cereal grain selections. Seven small grain and three safflower weed control investigations, one herbicide residue study, and two cereal grain variety generation investigations were conducted on station. The effects of seed size in barley was investigated under paired fallow and recrop conditions. CIR imagery was utilized in research plot siting studies and comparison of SW and Bly variety performance on contrasting soil series within a single field. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Growing conditions were moderately stressed with growing season precipitation of 12.2 cm, 26 percent less than the seventy-one year average for this center. Unseasonable heat at times of critical crop development coupled with below average precipitation resulted in yield performance below potential. Mean nursery yields were 79, 98, 93 and 100% of the ten-year average for WW, SW, Bly and Oats, respectively.

                  Impacts
                  (N/A)

                  Publications


                    Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

                    Outputs
                    Fifteen small grain variety trials conducted under fallow or recrop conditions on the station included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, barley quality and oat yield. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Twenty-two small grain yield studies were conducted at eight off-station locations in five counties to include 4 Dry WW, 7 Dry SW, 2 Recrop SW, 6 Dry Bly, 2 Recrop Bly, 1 Dry Oats. Two forage yield investigations on station included alfalfa and cereal grain selections. Six small grain weed control investigations, three herbicide residue studies, and two cereal grain variety generation investigations were conducted on station. One noxious weed control study was conducted off-station. The effects of seed size in barley was investigated under paired fallow and recrop conditions. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery. Growing conditions were generally favorable with growing season precipitation of 25.6 cm, 54 percent greater than the seventy-year average for this center. However, unseasonable heat at time of early crop development coupled with below average June precipitation resulted in yield performance below potential. Mean nursery yields were 111, 105, 96 and 105 percent of the ten-year average for WW, SW, Bly and Oats, respectively.

                    Impacts
                    (N/A)

                    Publications


                      Progress 10/01/84 to 09/30/85

                      Outputs
                      Sixteen small grain variety trials conducted under fallow or recrop conditions on the station included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, and oat yield. Safflower varieties were also tested for yield and quality. Fourteen small grain yield studies were conducted at eight off-station locations in five counties to include 3 Dry WW, 3 Dry SW, 2 Recrop SW, 3 Dry Bly, 2 Recrop Bly, 1 Dry Oats. One Sunflower variety trial was conducted off-station. Two forage yield trials on station included alfalfa and intermediate wheatgrass selections. Nine small grain weed control investigations, two chemical crop supplement investigations, two herbicide residue studies, and three cereal grain variety generation studies were conducted on station. Two noxious weedcontrol studies were conducted. The effects of seed size in barley was investigated under paired fallow and recrop conditions. Horticultural investigations included a dryland potato variety trial and a continuing dryland woody ornamental plant nursery.Growing conditions were extremely hot and dry with growing season precipitation of 3.63 cm, a record low in the sixty-nine years for which records have been kept at this Center. With exception of one off-station location, all WW Trials were lost to winter drought. Mean nursery yields were less than 33 percent of the respective ten year averages for WW, Bly, SW, and Oats. Due to drought and severe heat, perennial forage crops were similarly poor.

                      Impacts
                      (N/A)

                      Publications


                        Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82

                        Outputs
                        The 1982 on-station small grains trials included winter and spring wheat yield, winter and spring wheat quality, barley yield, oat yield and safflower yield. An off-station winter wheat hardiness screening study was conducted at one location, and ten off-station small grain yield studies were conducted at six locations in four counties (4 WW, 1 Irr. SW, 2 Dry SW, 1 Irr. Bly, 2 Dry Bly). Five on-station forage yield investigations included alfalfa, alfalfa seed coating, sainfoin and intermediate wheatgrass nurseries. Grass adaptation, small grain disease, small grain weed control and cropping systems studies were also initiated. Growing conditions were excellent with abundant soil moisture and timely grow- ing season precipitation resulting in some of the highest mean yields obtained in the history of this Center. Mean nursery yields were 26, 28, 31 and 110 percent greater than the 10-year average for barley, winter wheat, oats and spring wheat respectively with test weights deviating very little from the 10- year average.

                        Impacts
                        (N/A)

                        Publications


                          Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

                          Outputs
                          Small grain yield trials conducted included Winter and Spring Wheat Yield, Winter and Spring Wheat Quality, Spring Barley Yield, Spring Oat Yield and Safflower Yield on-station. Off-station yield nurseries were conducted at 5 locations in 3 counties, (2 winter wheat, 1 irrigated spring wheat and barley, 2 dryland spring wheat and barley). On-station forage nursery investigations included Alfalfa Yield, Sainfoin Yield and Alfalfa Seed Coating-all on dryland. Winter wheat yields were 20% above the 25.3 Q/HA 10-year average with test weights, slightly below the average. Favorable fall moisture plus timely prcipitation at critical growth stages contributed to yield increase. Early growing season precipitation twice that of normal provided for 10-year average plant height increases of 16, 60, 20 and 21% for spring wheat, barley, oats and winter wheat respectively. However, hot, dry weather during fill and late maturation resulted in only average yield and test weights for spring wheat and barley (Spring wheat: 17.1 Q/HA, Barley: 23.7 Q/HA). Oats suffered extensively and yielded only 35% of the 17.5 Q/HA 10-year average with test weights only 80% of the 45.9 Kg/H1 average for the previous 10 years. A dryland woody ornamental plant nursery trial continues. The trial, in cooperation with Dr. George Evans, MSU, Bozeman, is primarily a survival study under dryland conditions with numerous selections observed for potential utilization in the area.

                          Impacts
                          (N/A)

                          Publications


                            Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

                            Outputs
                            Cooperation in the Montana Variety Testing Program continues in the areas of small grain and forage production. Small grain yield trials conducted during 1980 include winter wheat, spring wheat, durum wheat, spring barley, and spring oats. An open dry winter depressed yields more in winter wheat than spring grains in 1980. Spring grain yields were above average during 1980 with dryland spring wheat trials averaging 24.4 Q/HA, dryland barley trials averaging 36.5 Q/HA, and dryland oat trials averaging 28.0 Q/HA. New dryland forage trials established in 1979 did not yield any data due to dry summer conditions of 1980. A dryland woody perennial trial continues. This work is in cooperation with Dr. George Evans at Montana State University, Bozeman. This is basically a survival type trial with several shrubs and trees observed as promising for cultivation in this area.

                            Impacts
                            (N/A)

                            Publications


                              Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

                              Outputs
                              Cooperation in the Montana Variety Testing Program continues in the areas of small grain and forage production. Small grain yield trials conducted during 1979 included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum wheat, spring barley and spring oats. A severe winter resulted in considerable winter injury to winter wheat in Montana. Winter survival at this location ranged from 77% for the Canadian variety Norstar to 4% for Centurk 78. Spring grains also yielded less due to lower than normal precipitation during the growing season. The majority of the trials conducted at this location are on dryland and, of course, rely on natural precipitation as a moisture source. Forage trials were grown under irrigation while several new dryland trials were established during 1979. New trials include an alfalfa variety trial and a sainfoin variety trial both on dryland and a grass seed production trial was reestablished on both dryland and irrigated. A dryland woody perennial trial continues. This work is in cooperation with Dr. George Evans at Montana State University, Bozeman. This is basically a survival type trial with several shrubs and trees observed as promising for cultivation in this area.

                              Impacts
                              (N/A)

                              Publications


                                Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

                                Outputs
                                Cooperation continues in the Montana Testing Program in small grain and forage production. Yield trials were conducted in 1978 for the following small grains: Hard Red Winter Wheat, Hard Red Spring Wheat, Durum Wheat, Spring Barley and Spring Oats. Trials were conducted for the most part on dryland although a small portion of work is being done under irrigated conditions. This work is primarily being done to determine the adaptability of various cultivars to conditions experienced in North Central Montana. A bulk population of winter barley was also planted as part of a cooperative project with Welty at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center. Approximately 85% of the population survived the 1978 winter conditions. Forage crops were grown on both dryland and on irrigated land. The Dryland Alfalfa Variety Trial was grown and harvested for yield information. 1978 was the final year for this trial. Irrigated trials include the Alfalfa Yield Trial and the Regar Bromegrass Seeding Rate Trial. These trials were also grown and harvested for yield information and both will continue in 1979.

                                Impacts
                                (N/A)

                                Publications


                                  Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

                                  Outputs
                                  Cooperation continues in the Montana Testing Program in small grain and forage production. Small grain yield trials conducted during 1977 included winter wheat, spring wheat, durum wheat, spring barley and spring oats. The majority of small grain trials are conducted on dryland, although a small portion of the trials are under irrigation. In addition a bulk population of winter barley was planted. Approximately 75% of the population survived 1977 winter conditions. This work is in cooperation with Welty at the Northwestern Research Center. Testing of post emergence chemicals for the control of wild oats in spring wheat and spring barley continues. In addition, the influence of Avenge wild oat herbicide used as a tank mix with various broadleaf herbicides on several varieties of spring wheat was investigated. Several broadleaf herbicides were also being tested for weed control in spring wheat. Forage crops were grown on both dryland and on irrigated land. Dryland trials include the Dryland Alfalfa Variety Trial and a Grass Seed Production Yield Trial. Irrigated trials include the Alfalfa Yield Trial, Regar Bromegrass Seeding Rate Trial, and the Grass Seed Production Yield Trial.

                                  Impacts
                                  (N/A)

                                  Publications


                                    Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

                                    Outputs
                                    Cooperation continues in the Montana Testing Program in small grain and forage production. The spring of 1976 was warm, dry and early. Good soil moisture and then above normal precipitation in June, resulted in average to above average yields. Small grain yield trials were conducted for winter wheat, spring wheat,durum wheat, spring barley and spring oats. In addition, a bulk population of winter barley was planted. Approximately 75% of the population survived 1976 winter conditions. This work is in cooperation with selection work being done by Welty at the Northwestern Research Center. Winter or "frost" seeding of spring grains is being investigated. No-till seeding is done on frozen ground which has been cleared of snow by warm or "Chinook" winds. The seed is worked in by frost action. Under 1976 conditions, there was no noticeable difference in yields between the early seeding date and the "normal" date. Testing of postemergence chemicals for control of wild oats in spring wheat and spring barley continues. Fair to excellent control of wild oats were obtained in 1976, using various products provided by the chemical companies. Forage crops were grown onboth dryland and on irrigated land. Dryland alfalfa trials included the Commercial Alfalfa Trial and Dryland Alfalfa Variety Trial. Yields averaged about .86 tons per acre at 12% moisture. Irrigated trials included the Alfalfa

                                    Impacts
                                    (N/A)

                                    Publications


                                      Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

                                      Outputs
                                      Cooperation in the Montana Testing Program continues in small grain and forage production. A late spring in 1975, delayed seeding until mid-May, nearly one month later than the normally desirable seeding date. Precipitation during the growing period of April 1 to August 31, resulted in slightly more than double the amount normally received during that time period. Yield trials were conducted and data collected for the following small grains: Winter wheat, spring wheat, durum wheat, spring barley and oats. As a result of these statewide trials, several selections have been released or are in the process ofbeing released as varieties, providing the producers of Montana with a greater selection from which to choose. A trial for post-emergence chemical control of wild oats (Avena fatua) in spring wheat and spring barley was conducted. Several promising chemical compounds provided on an experimental basis by various chemical companies were tried with good results. Since weather conditions were abnormal, more testing will be desirable. Dryland forage trials conducted in 1975, were: Western Wheatgrass Strain Trial, Agropyron Hybrid Trial, Dryland Forage Trail, Commercial Alfalfa Trail and Dryland Alfalfa Variety Trail. Alfalfa yields averaged about 1.5 tons at 12% moisture content,while the grasses averaged about 1.0 tons at 12% moisture content. These yieldsare nearly two times those produced in a drier year and reflect the excess moisture received this growing season.

                                      Impacts
                                      (N/A)

                                      Publications


                                        Progress 01/01/74 to 12/30/74

                                        Outputs
                                        Cooperation continues in the Montana Testing Program with small grains and dryland forages the principle crops. Added to the small grain trials in 1974, was the Regional Durum Wheat Variety Trial. Off station small grain variety trials continue with the addition of three new locations, two of which are on leased land providing long term locations. All agronomic data are used by Cooperative Extension Agents for references within their own counties. Lentil seed yield project were postponed until the seed yield and market price becomes more competitive with wheat and barley, and until the problem of harvesting is solved. A Miscellaneous Oilseed Trial was grown in 1974, in order that several species and varieties of oilseed crops may be evaluated. Species grown were sunflowers, soybeans and safflower. Some entries appear promising. Seed samples of all entries were sent to the Northern Regional Laboratory at Peoria, Illinois, for oil analysis. Yield data were gathered from the following drylandforage trials: Wide Row Legume Trial, Strain Trial, Agropyron Hybrid Trial, Dryland Forage Trial and the 1973 Plant of Commercial Alfalfa Trial. The Koelaria cristata Trial seeded in 1973, failed to emerge and produce a stand so was abandoned. The Wide Row Legume Trial and the Cicer Milkvetch Forage Trial have been terminated. It appears at this time that wide row spacing for the species involved would probably not be advisable on dryland. A new Dryland Alfalfa Variety trial was established in 1974.

                                        Impacts
                                        (N/A)

                                        Publications


                                          Progress 01/01/73 to 12/30/73

                                          Outputs
                                          Cooperation in the Montana Testing Program continues with winter and spring grains and forages the principle crops. The Sawfly Yield Spring Wheat Trial wasadded this year to the trials normally conducted here. The winter barley received from the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center and seeded here in the fall of 1972, failed to survive the winter. No further plantings have been made. Four off-station spring barley and spring wheat variety trials were conducted in 1973. Yield and agronomic data were collected from each location. This data will be used to make varietal recommendations more accurate for specific areas. Lentils were again raised for seed production on dryland. Fourseeding dates and two row spacings were used. A seeding rate x row spacing trial was also conducted. Early seeding dates and one foot row spacings appear to produce the highest. Harvest difficulties due to low plant height and lodging remain a serious problem. Yield information was gathered from the following dryland forage trials: Wide Row Legume Trial, Cicer Milkvetch Forage Trial, Western Wheatgrass Strain Trial, Agropyron Hybrid Trial and Dryland Forage Trial. The Thickspike Wheatgrass Accession Trial has been terminated. The data has been sent to the Bridger Palnt Materials Center, Bridger, Montana For compilation with state-wide data. Trials newly established in 1973 are: A commercial Alfalfa Yield Trial and a Koeleria cristata Trial. No irrigated forage trials were conducted in 1973.

                                          Impacts
                                          (N/A)

                                          Publications


                                            Progress 01/01/72 to 12/30/72

                                            Outputs
                                            Cooperation with the Montana Testing Program with winter and spring grain crops and forage crops continues. The cooperative winter wheat and spring wheat seed treatment trials were terminated due to no significant yield differences. No selections from the World Collection of Winter Barley were made this year but was bulk harvested. The selections made in 1971 were increased at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center and seed received and planted here forwinter survival. Harvest and agronomic data were taken from the following dryland forage trials: Wide Row Legume Trial, Cicer Milkvetch Forage Trial, Western Wheatgrass Strain Trial and Thickspike Wheatgrass Accession Trial. Newly established dryland trials are: Agropyron Hybrid Trial and Dryland ForageVariety Trial. The irrigated Orchardgrass Trial was terminated due to the high variation of snow accumulation caused by its proximity to a shelterbelt and lackof irrigation water this season. The Irrigated Pasture Trial was badly washed and only the Bromegrass remains so it was also terminated. Lentils were grown for seed production on dryland this year and plans are to continue with a date of seeding trial for 1973.

                                            Impacts
                                            (N/A)

                                            Publications


                                              Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71

                                              Outputs
                                              Cooperation with the Montana Variety Testing program in the areas of winter and spring grains continues. In addition, a cooperative winter wheat seed treatmentand trial was planted for harvest in 1972, to determine the effectiveness of nonmercury seed treatments. Selections for male sterility and for straw stiffness were made from the World Collection of winter barley. The remaining seed was also harvested and replanted for harvest in 1972. Wide-row plantings of small grains will be postponed until proper row-crop equipment is obtained. Because they were planted in the fall of 1970, the Wide-row Spaced Legume Trial and the Cicer Milkvetch Forage Trial were allowed to establish. Harvest for yields will begin in 1972. Planted and established in 1971, were a Western Wheatgrass Strain Trial and a Dryland Grass display nursery. Terminated this year was the Dryland Intrastate Sainfoin Trial. Most of the irrigated forage trials were terminated in 1971. Those trials remaining are the irrigated Orchardgrass Trial and the newly established irrigated pasture trial. Several species of annual forages were grown on dryland to determine their adaptability to a dryland cropping sequence. Many of the annual grass entries show promise.

                                              Impacts
                                              (N/A)

                                              Publications


                                                Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70

                                                Outputs
                                                Cooperation continues with the Montana Variety Testing program in the areas of winter wheat and spring wheat. A Winterhardiness Nursery on mounds was initiated this year in order to achieve extreme winter killing conditions. In addition to the regular barley nurseries, the World Winter Barley Collection plantings were harvested and planted back for harvest in 197l. Wide-row plantings of spring barley and spring wheat were made and harvested as an addition to the continuous cropping program here. Wide- row winter wheat was planted for harvest in 1971. Late fall planting of two spring wheat varieties was done in an attempt to make use of early spring moisture. This is the secondyear for this study and it shows good promise. Testing and study of oat varieties in the Northwest Regional Oat Nursery continues. Dryland forage nurseries initiated in 1970 were Wide- Row Spaced Legumes and the Cicer Milk-vetch Forage Trial. Irrigated forage nurseries are yielding well with somevarieties of Sainfoin continuing to show promise for good regrowth after the first cutting.

                                                Impacts
                                                (N/A)

                                                Publications


                                                  Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69

                                                  Outputs
                                                  Cooperation with the Montana Variety Grain Testing program continues in the areaof winter wheat and spring wheat. Two new nurseries, the Semi-dwarf Spring Wheat Observation Nursery, and Spring Wheat Isogenic Height Levels and Ergot Study Nursery were planted this year. Besides the regular barley nursery, winter barley plantings of the World Winter Barley Collection were made and harvested to be planted back in 1970. New forage nurseries of Cicer milkvetch, Thickspike wheat grass, Sainfoin, and Annual Forages were instituted and established in 1969. Irrigated alfalfa, Sainfoin, and legume nurseries planted in 1968 are now established and yielding well. Some Sainfoin varieties show promise for good regrowth after 1st cutting. Oat varieties continue testing andstudy under the Northwest Regional Oat Nursery.

                                                  Impacts
                                                  (N/A)

                                                  Publications


                                                    Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68

                                                    Outputs
                                                    Forages: Irrigated and dryland sainfoin varietal nurseries, and an irrigated alfalfa varietal nursery were established with the securing of good stands. Annual forage data from this and other Montana stations were reviewed with a view toward establishing new research in this area. Such research would evaluate annual forages as a substitute for summerfallow and as an alternative crop for diverted acres. Small Grains: A new rotation system as well as a fertilization program for varietal nurseries was instituted. A preliminary evaluation of the interaction between genotype and soil fertility was made. Triticale was evaluated. Irrigated varietal nurseries were established in the important Fairfield irrigation district. Evaluation of techniques for earlier planting were initiated. With a view toward increasing selection pressure and increasing consistency between observations, a new planting technique for winterhardiness evaluation of wheat was used.

                                                    Impacts
                                                    (N/A)

                                                    Publications


                                                      Progress 01/01/67 to 12/30/67

                                                      Outputs
                                                      WINTER WHEAT: Winter survival; 1 nursery at two locations; 2 nurseries at one location, mound nursery (wheat x rye bulk hybrid). Male sterility nursery. Yield, heading date, test weight, height, maturity date for 2 nurseries. Malting barley quality plots, 15 entries. Harvest foundation Sawmont winter wheat seed. SPRING WHEAT: Yield, test weight, heading date, maturity date, for5 nurseries. Milling and baking quality plots, 10 entries. OATS: Yield, test weight, heading date, maturity date for 1 nursery. BARLEY: Yield, test weight, heading date, maturity date, % plump, % thin for 4 nurseries, including 3 isogenic nurseries. Yield, test weight, % plump, % thin for 1 nursery (malting barley). Harvest DeKap barley line rows. FLAX: Yield, heading date for 1 nursery. FORAGES: Harvested seed from polycross nurseries. Dryland grass nursery planted.

                                                      Impacts
                                                      (N/A)

                                                      Publications