Source: CORNELL UNIVERSITY submitted to
CORNELL-EASTERN EUROPE-MEXICO (CEEM) INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROJECT IN POTATO LATE BLIGHT CONTR
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0176920
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
NYC-149301
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 1996
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Raman, K. V.
Recipient Organization
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ITHACA,NY 14853
Performing Department
PLANT BREEDING
Non Technical Summary
(N/A)
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
75%
Applied
25%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2121310112040%
2121310116040%
2121310303020%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
3030 - Information and communication; 1120 - Nematology; 1160 - Pathology;
Goals / Objectives
To lessen the problem of Potato Late Blight through selected activities in Eastern Europe, Mexico and the United States of America.
Project Methods
To use mechanisms such as: collaboration, education, communication, research investigation, and management oversight to promote Potato Late Blight control and technology transfer.

Progress 08/01/96 to 09/30/05

Outputs
The Cornell-Eastern Europe-Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project in Potato Late Blight Control terminated on 9/30/05. In the final phase, CEEM facilitated projects that contributed to integrated control of potato late blight disease in Poland, Russia, and Mexico. At Cornell University the potato breeding program mapped late blight resistance in several crosses with late blight resistant parents. The plant pathology program evaluated and selected additional potato lines with resistance to potato late blight disease. In Mexico, the international potato late blight testing program field evaluated several potato clones sent by USA potato programs. Several new resistant materials were identified. In Poland, researchers in collaboration with the EUCABLIGHT program focused on breeding and epidemiology studies with the late blight pathogen. In Russia, researchers at the University of Moscow conducted additional studies on the identification of strains of the late blight pathogen in different potato growing areas of Russia.

Impacts
The results from this project will increase the availability of high yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight, and reduce fungicide use.

Publications

  • Forbes, G. A., M. G. Chacon, H. G. Kirk, M. A. Huarte, M. Van Damme, S. Distel, G. Mackay, H. E. Stewart, R. Lowe, J. M. Duncan, H. Mayton, W. E. Fry, D. Andrivon, D. Ellisseche, R. Pelle, H. W. Platt, G. MacKenzie, T. R. Tarn, L. T. Colon, D. J. Budding, H. Lozoya-Saldana, A. Hernandez-Vilchis and S. Capezio. 2005. Stability of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an international evaluation. Plant Pathology 54.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
The Cornell Eastern Europe Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project in Potato Late Blight Control facilitated projects that contributed to integrated control of potato late blight disease in Poland, Russia, and Mexico. At Cornell the potato breeding program mapped late blight resistance in several important crosses with late blight resistant parents. The plant pathology program evaluated and selected additional potato lines with resistant to potato late blight disease. In Mexico, bioengineered potato variety, Katahdin, and other promising selections were field evaluated for resistance. In Poland, work focused on breeding and epidemiology studies with the late blight pathogen. In Russia, rapid rural appraisal surveys were done in key districts to evaluate control components for late blight control. CEEM also facilitated several new agreements and proposals in Russia, Mexico, and Poland for research and training on late blight control.

Impacts
Results from this project will increase the availability of high yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight, reduce fungicide use.

Publications

  • Arseniuk, E., et al. 2004. Plant Breeding and Seed Science. Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute Radzikow. Vol. 50. Poland.
  • Fernandez-Pavia, S. P., N. J. Grunwald, M. Diaz-Valasis, M. A. Cadena-Hinojosa and W. E. Fry. 2004. Soil-borne oospores of Phytophthora infestans in central Mexico survive winter fall and infect potato plants in the field. Plant Disease: 88: 29-33.
  • McLeod, A., Smart, C. D., and Fry, W. E. 2004. Core promoter structure in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Eukaryotic Cell, 3: 91-99.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
The Cornell Eastern Europe Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project in Potato Late Blight facilitated projects that contributed to: 1) potato cultivars adapted to long days with high levels of late blight resistance; 2) increased understanding of the basic biology epidemiology, and life history of the Phytophthora infestans; 3) provided an infrastructure that enabled plant breeders, plant pathologists, and USA and international scientists to conduct experiments in the Toluca Valley, Mexico, the presumed center of origin of the late blight causing pathogen; 4) increased the understanding of factors influencing late blight in New York, Mexico and eastern Europe potato productions systems; 5) enhanced the knowledge of the potential stability of new and traditional methods of managing late blight and 6) training programs related to late blight control in Poland, Russia and Mexico. Many useful control components for integrated late blight management developed in CEEM projects are used in implementing locally adapted integrated disease and pest management programs to control late blight.

Impacts
Results from this project will increase the availability of high yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight, reduce fungicide use.

Publications

  • Grunwald, N. J., S. B. Goodwin, M. G. Milgroom and W. E. Fry. 2003. Analysis of Genotypic Diversity Data for Populations of Microorganisms. Phytopathology 93: (in press).
  • McLeod, A., C. D. Smart, and W. E. Fry. 2003. Characterization of 1, 3-(Beta)-Glucanase and 1, 3; 1, 4-(Beta)-Glucanase Genes from Phytophthora infestans. Fungal Genetics and Biology (in press).
  • Smart, C. D., K. L. Myers, S. Restrepo, G. B. Martin and W. E. Fry. 2003. Partial resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans is not dependent upon ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicyclic acid signalling pathways. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions: 16: 141-148.
  • Ronning, C. M., S. Stegalkina, R. Ascenzi, O. Bougri, A. Hart, T. Utterbach, S. Vanaken, S. Riedmuller, J. White, J. Cho, G. Pertea, Y. Lee, S. Karamycheva, R. Sultana, J. Tsai, J. Quackenbush, H. Griffiths, S. Restrepo, C. D. Smart, W. E. Fry, R. van der Hoeven, S. Tanksley, P. Zhang, H. Jin, M. Yamamoto, B. Baker and C. R. Buell. 2003. Comparative Analyses of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) EST libraries. Plant Physiology 131: 419-429.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
CEEM facilitated projects that contributed to: 1) potato cultivars adapted to long days with high levels of late blight resistance; 2) increased understanding of the basic biology, epidemiology, and life history of the Phytophthora infestans; 3) provided an infrastructure that enabled plant breeders, plant pathologists, and U.S.A. and international scientists conduct experiments in the Toluca Valley, Mexico, the presumed center of origin of the late blight causing pathogen; 4) increased the understanding of factors influencing late blight in New York, Mexico, and Eastern European potato productions systems; and 5) enhanced the knowledge of the potential stability of new and traditional methods of managing late blight. Many useful control components for integrated late blight management developed in CEEM projects are used in implementing locally adapted integrated disease and pest management programs to control late blight.

Impacts
Increase the availability of high yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight, reduce fungicide use.

Publications

  • Fry, W. E., E. S. G. Mizubuti, H. Mayton, D. E. Aylor and J. Andrade Piedra. 2002. Late blight forecasting: Quantifying the risk from a known source. GILB 02 Conference.
  • Fry, W. E. 2001. International trade and late blight of tomatoes and potatoes. Phytopathology 91:S153.
  • Garelek, Glenn, 2002. Taking the Bite Out of Potato Late Blight. Science Magazine November 29, Vol. 298, p. 1702-1704.
  • Gavino, P. D. and W. E. Fry. 2002. Diversity in and evidence for selection on the mitochondrial genome of Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia 94: 781-793.
  • Grunwald, N. J. and W. E. Fry. 2002. Managing potato late blight at the center of origin: integrating durable resistance with a decision support system. Phytopathology 92: S-32.
  • Mayton, H., G. A. Forbes, E. S. G. Mizubuti and W. E. Fry. 2001. The roles of three fungicides in the epidemiology of potato late blight. Plant Disease 85(9), 1006-1012.
  • Rathbone, M. C., C. D. Smart and W. E. Fry. 2002. Isolates of Phytophthora infestans that infect Petunia x hybrida and Nicotiana benthamiana also produce INF1. Phytopathology 92: S-145.
  • Smart, C. D. and W. E. Fry. 2002. Identification of quantitative resistance in Lycopersicon pennellii to Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 92: S-77.
  • Smart, C. D., K. T. Hodge, C. H. Haney and W. E. Fry. 2002. Comparison of elicitin genes in closely related Phytophthora species. Phytopathology 92: S-77.
  • Smart, C. D., S. Restrepo, A. Hart, R. Buell and W. E. Fry. 2002. Genomics of compatibility between potato and Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 92: S-77.
  • Elansky, S., A. Smirnov, Y. Dyakov, A. Dolgova, A. Filippov, B. Kozlovsky, I. Kozlovskaya, P. Russo, C. Smart, and W. E. Fry. 2001. Genotypic Analysis of Russian Isolates of Phytophthora infestans form the Moscow Region, Siberia and Far East. Journal of Phytopathology 149, 605-611. 2001.
  • Filippov, Alexei V. 2002. Distribution and possible origin of Phytophthora infestans in the Moscow region. In: Conference proceedings: Scientific provision of potato production in Russia: state and problems. All Russian Potato Research Institute, Moscow, Russia p. 313-324. 2002.
  • Rozovskaya, L. 2002. Russians Explode The Dacha Myth. Panos, Moscow, Russia. August 27.
  • Grunwald, N. J., G. Romero-Montes, H. Lozoya-Saldana, O. A. Rubio-Covarrubias and W. E. Fry. 2002. Potato late blight management in the Toluca Valley: Plant Disease 86:1163-1168.
  • Raman, K.V. 2002. Applying Grades and Standards for Reducing Pesticide Residues to Access Global Markets. Food Security and Environment Quality. Lewis Publisher 215-228.


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Potato late blight caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans continues to be a major constraint to global potato production. New and more aggressive strains of the the late blight pathogen continue to emerge, spread, and destroy potato plants worldwide. It also leads to increase use of fungicides to manage late blight, which may be hazardous to the environment. CEEM and its collaborating partners seek new and safer ways to stabilize potato production by: a)breeding and distributing potatoes with durable resistant to late blight in develped and developing countries; b)conducting research on the biology, epidemiology, and life history of P.infestans to evaluate and improve disease management; c)facilitating training for scientists, students, and farmers on late blight management methods. Significant progress was made in all these areas of research during 2001. The results have been published in several scientific journals for use in integrated management of potato late blight.

Impacts
increase the availability of high yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight, reduce fungicide use

Publications

  • Cianchetti, J. et.al. 2000. Examination of fungicides for control of potato late blight, 1999. Fungicide and Nematicide Tests 55: 194.
  • Fry, W.E. 2000. Phytophthora infestans. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. San Diego, Academic Press. 3: 633-639.
  • Fry, W.E. et.al. 2000. A novel A2 population of Phytophthora similar to P. infestans attacks wild Solanum species in Ecuador. Phytopathology 90: 197-202.
  • Fry, W.E., Mayton, H.S., Cianchetti, J. and Jaime-Garcia, R. 2000. Update on new late blight strains and their management. New York State Vegetable/Berry Growers Meeting, Syracuse NY, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
  • Fry, W.E., Smart, C.D. and Grunwald, N.J. 2000. Migrations of Phytophthora infestans awaken plant breeders. Phytopathology 90 (6): S94.
  • Haynes, K.G., et. al. 2000. Foliar resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated in national trials in 1999. American Journal of Potato Research 77: 402 (abstr).
  • Mayton, H.S., Aylor, D.E. and Fry, W.E. 2000. Quantitative assessment of inoculum sources of potato late blight. Phytopathology 90 (6): S50.
  • Mayton, H., et. al. 2000. Oospore survival and pathogenicity of single oospore recombinant progeny from a cross involving the US-8 and US-17 lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease 84: 1190-1196.
  • Plaisted, R.L. and De Jong, W.S. 2000. Report Potato Show & Tell, 8 November 2000, Plant Breeding, Cornell University.
  • Raman, K.V., Zimnoch-Guzowska, E., and Zoteyeva, N. 2000. The Vavilov Research Institute's Potato Collection Survived the Seige of Leningrad-Will it Survive 21st Century Economic Restructuring? Diversity. Vol. 16, No. 3, p.12-15.
  • Smart, C.D., D'Ascenzo, M.D., Martin, G.B., and Fry, W.E. 2000. Evolution of tomato specialization in Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 90 (6): S73.
  • Smart, C.D., et. al. 2000. Environmental and genetic factors influencing self-fertility in Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 90: 987-994.
  • Sanchez, G.M., et. al. 2000. Identification of two new R-genes to Phytophthora infestans from Solanum berthaultii. Phytopathology 90 (6): S68.
  • Vega-Sanchez, M.E. et. al. 2000. Host adaptation to potato and tomato within the US-1 clonal lineage of Phytophthora infestans in Uganda and Kenya. Plant Pathology 49: 531-539.


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
The Cornell-Eastern Europe-Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project in Potato Late Blight Control focuses on reducing the problem of potato late blight. Scientific research at Cornell University has lead to the development of New York 121, a potato resistant to late blight, and other diseases. In Eastern Europe, CEEM and IHAR collaborate with VIR in research and training. This collaboration resulted in the regeneration of several potato accessions for the VIR potato collection. In Mexico, CEEM collaborates with several national and international organizations to study the biology and epidemiology of late blight in, Toluca, Mexico, the geographic area where wild potato species and the pathogen followed parallel paths of evolution. One of these projects, the Toluca International Late Blight Project, has resulted in a fungicide forecasting system of the highland tropics (Sim Cast) developed for use in the Toluca Valley. CEEM has also conducted several training programs in this area.

Impacts
increase the availability of high-yielding, disease resistant potatoes; expand the knowledge on potato late blight control; prevent the spread of new strains of potato late blight; reduce fungicide use

Publications

  • Ewing, E. E. 2000. An American Boy, a Russian Professor, and a Potato Blight. Diversity, Vol. 15, No. 4. Also in www.potatocongress.org/articles/june00.htm
  • Ewing, E.E. 2000. International Collaboration with Poland May Hold Key to Saving Eastern Europe s SecondBread, Diversity, Vol. 15. No. 3.
  • Ewing, E.E. Smiko, L., Smart, C.D., Bonierbale, M. W.., Mizubuti, E. S. G., May, G. D., and Fry, W. E. 2000. Genetic Mappingfrom field tests of qualitative and quantitative resistance to Phytophthora infestans in a population derived from Solanum tuberosum and Solanum berthaultii. Molecular Breeding 6:25-36.
  • Fry, W. E. 2000. Epidemiology of the New Late Blight with Special Emphasis on Forecasting. Proceedings from the Global Conference on Potatoes, New Delhi, India.
  • Fry, W. E. 2000. Implications to Late Blight Epidemiology of Recent Pathogen Migrations, GILB, Late Blight: A Threat to Global Food Security, Volume 1, p. 79.
  • Gavino, P.D., Smart, C.D., Sandrock, R. W., Millier, J.S., Hamm, P.B., Yun Lee, T., Davis, R.M., and Fry, W. E. 2000. Implications of Sexual Reproduction for Phytophthora infestans in the United States: Generation of anAggressive Lineage. Plant Disease, March.
  • Goodwin, S. B. Legard, D.E., Smart, C.D., Levy, M., and Fry, W. E., 2000. Gene flow analysis of molecular markers confirms that Phytophthora mirabilis and P. infestans are separate species. Mycologia, 91 (5) pp. 96-810.
  • Grunwald, N. J., Rubio-Covarrubias, Oswaldo A., Lozoya-Saldana, H., and Fry, W. E. 2000. Potato Late Blight Management in the Toluca Valley, Forecasts and Resistant Cultivars, GILB, Late Blight: A Threat to Global Food Security, Vol. 1 p. 85-86.
  • Grunwald, N. J. and W. E. Fry 2000. Development and implementation of a late blight forecasting system for the highland tropics. PAV-Special Report 6:96-107.
  • Hijmans R.J., Grunwald, N. J., van Haren, R. J. F., MacKerron, D.K.L., and Scherm, H., 2000. Potato Late Blight Simulation for Global Change Research. Newsletter of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Core Project 15:4-6.
  • Ordonez, M. E., Hohl. H. R., Velasco, J. A., Ramon, M. P., Oyarzun, P. J., Smart, C. D., Fry, W. E., Forbes, G., and Erselious, L. J. 2000. A Novel Population of Phytophthora, Similar to P. infestans, Attacks Wild Solanum Species in Ecuador. Phytopathology, Vol. 90, No. 2.
  • Raman, K. V. 2000. Integrated Pest Management in Potato Production. Proceedings from the Global onference on Potatoes, New Delhi, India.
  • Raman, K.V., Grunwald, N. J., Fry, W. E. 2000. Promoting International Collaboration for Potato Late Blight Disease Management. Pesticide Outlook, October 2000.
  • Raman, K. V., Zimnoch-Guzowska, E., Zoteyeva, N. 2000. The Vavilov Research Institute's Potato Collection survived the Seige of Leningrad-Will it Survive 21st -Century Economic Restructuring? Diversity Vol. 16, No. 3, 2000.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Late blight, the disease responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 1840s continues to spread from its center of origin--central Mexico, to the rest of the world. There is also evidence that new more virulent strains of this fungus are cutting global potato production by 15 percent. The new strains of the late blight pathogen continue to affect potato production in eastern Europe, Mexico and the United States of America. Late blight also affects rural employment, income and pesticide usage in developing nations. Thus finding a new potato with durable resistance to late blight and developing integrated control measures are important for feeding the world and protecting the environment. CEEM continues to draw upon its own resources as well as the resources of national and international research programs, universitites, non-governmental organizations, and the private and public sectors to foster research, training and technology transfer for the control of late blight. From July 1, 1998 to June 30, 19999 significant accomplishments were made in 1) project implementation; 2) agreements for strategic partnerships for research and technology transfer, 3)conferences, 4) traning and consultanties, 5) publications, and 6)fundraising.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Dorrance, A. E., Inglis, D. A., Derie, M. L., Brown, C. R., Goodwin, Fry,W. E. F., and Deahl, K. L. 1999.Characterization of Phytophthora infestans Populations in Western Washington. Plant Disease. 83:423-428.
  • Mackin, J. 1999. Potato Blight Raises Fears of Famine. Cornell Focus. 7:12-17 Haynes, K. G., et al. 1998. Phenotypic Stability of Resistance to Late Blight in Potato Clones Evaluated at Eight Sites in the United States.American Journal of Potato Research. 75:211-217.
  • Fry, W. E. 1998. Late Blight of Potatoes and Tomatoes. Vegetable Crops. Fact Sheet. Page 726. 20. Cornell Cooperative Extension.
  • Forbes, G. A., Goodwin, S. B., Drenth, A., Oyarzun, P., Ordonez, M. E., and Fry, W. E. 1998. A Global Marker Database for Phytophthora infestans. Plant Disease. 82:811-818.
  • Goodwin, S. B., Smart, C. D., Sandrock, R. W., Deahl, K. L., Punja, Z. K., and Fry, W. E. 1998. Genetic Change Within Populations of Phytophthora infestans in the United States and Canada during 1994 to 1996: Role of Migration andRecombination. Phytopathology. 88:939-949. Mizubuti, E. S. G., and W. E. Fry. 1998. Temperature Effects on Developmental Stages of Isolates from Three Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology. 88:837-843.
  • Smart, C. D., Willmann, M. R., Mayton, H., Mizubuti, E. S. G., Sandrock, R. W., Muldoon, A. E., and Fry, W. E. 1998. Self-Fertility in Two Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 25:134-142.
  • Yun Lee, T., Mizubuti, E., and Fry, W. E. 1998. Genetics of Metalaxyl Resistance in Phytophthora infestans. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 26:118-13


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
Narrative description of goals met; problems; changes made: Potato Late Blight, is the world's worst agricultural disease. This disease, including new virulent strains, is cutting global potato production by 15 percent. In developing countries, the disease is causing $2.5 billion in production losses yearly and an additional $750 million in fungicide costs each year. Both Canada and the U.S. have seen lower crop yields because of the disease, which spreads rapidly--mainly by air-borne spores. The disease can also spread through shipment of infected tubers. The work of the Cornell-Eastern Europe-Mexico (CEEM) International Collaborative Project in Potato Late Blight Control aims to lessen the problem of Late Blight through selected activities in Eastern Europe, Mexico, and the USA. This is achieved in close cooperation with other well known potato research organizations. These are the: 1) the Mexico based International Cooperative Program For Potato Late Blight (PICTIPAPA, A.C); 2) Global Initiative on Late Blight (GILB), a consortium of potato researchers in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and national programs, backed by industrialized country institutions.; 3) the Polish Mochow Research Center, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR); 4) the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) in Russia; and 5) Moscow State University. During the 12-month period from July 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998 significant accomplishments were made in: 1) project implementation; 2) agreements for strategic partnerships for research and technology transfer; 3)conferences/field days ; 4) training & consultancies; 5) publications, and 6) fund raising. This project is funded by a consortium of donors comprising of various public and private sector institutions.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Fry, W. E. and Goodwin, S. B.1997."Re-emergence of Potato and Tomato Late Blight in the United States." Plant Disease. December 1997.