Progress 09/01/09 to 08/16/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Mali). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), outreach with COMESA in Southern Africa. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through project Web sites. Graduate degrees were obtained in 2011 by 6 M.S. and 4 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journals, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 15 fixed-term faculty members and 19 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, local government and civil-society leaders, and formal short-term and long-term degree training. PARTICIPANTS: OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Mali). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), outreach with COMESA in Southern Africa. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through project Web sites. Graduate degrees were obtained in 2011 by 6 M.S. and 4 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journals, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 15 fixed-term faculty members and 19 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, local government and civil-society leaders, and formal short-term and long-term degree training. TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES for the research conducted under this project included middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, COMESA, Council of Ministers of Agriculture of West Africa, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: $1.7 million in new funding for a Tri-Laterial Project - Mozambique/Brazil/USA was received, as was $700,000 new funding for the Mozambique project.

Impacts
(1) studies by Tschirley and colleagues in Africa continued to focus on rural-urban food systems changes and challenges to both traders and farmers, but with greater attention to the traditional marketing system and agents. This work is helping to identify investments and policy changes that would help modernize domestic horticultural and other commodity/food product markets, and to train African scientists to work more effectively on rural-urban food system linkages and emerging investments. (2) West African team members prepared and presented research results at a major West African Regional Conference on the extent of transmission of world food price increases to West African economies. (3) MSU Food Security faculty were invited to give four major presentations and briefings to USAID Feed the Future audiences in 2011 based on lessons learned from the past 25 years of applied research, outreach and capacity-building carried out under the Food Security Cooperative Agreements with USAID. These insights are being used to inform new efforts by the US government in the area of food security improvement and poverty reduction in Africa and other regions. (4) Research on input markets (especially for fertilizer) by Jayne, Kelly, and their graduate students and colleagues has shed light on the pattern of beneficiaries from government support programs, and has significantly raised awareness of the extent to which such programs discourage private sector participation in input marketing. Findings from these studies continue to have a clear influence on policy debates among major donors (e.g., World Bank) and national governments about the merits of fertilizer subsidies. (5) Graduate student research in Malawi and Zambia continued to document the extent to which government fertilizer subsidy programs displace (substitute for) commercial sales of fertilizer, and show the impact of government policies on the level and variability of maize prices over time, which contributes to the debate over appropriate strategies for reducing price variability. (6) Under the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP, work under the impact assessment project has continued to document the varieties of improved bean varieties developed under CRSP funding in Central and Latin America, and of improved cowpea varieties in West Africa.

Publications

• Smale, M., Byerlee, D., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Maize Revolutions in Sub-Saharan Africa." Tegemeo Institute Working Paper 40/2011. Nairobi, Kenya: Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development. http://www.tegemeo.org/documents/work/Wp40-Maize-Revolutions-in-sub-S aharan-Africa.pdf
• Smale, M., and Olwande, J. 2011. "Is Older Better Maize Hybrid Change on Household Farms in Kenya." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 114. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, November. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp114.pdf
• Staatz, J. 2011. March, 2010 Enhancing Agricultural Productivity. In Agribusiness for Africa's Prosperity, eds. Yumkella, Kandeh H., Kormawa, Patrick M., Roepstorff, Torben M., and Hawkins, Anthony M., 58-86. Vienna: Austria UNIDO.
• Staatz, J., Kelly, V., Boughton, D., Dembele, N., Sohlberg, M., Berthe, A., Skidmore, M., Diarrah, C., Murekezi, A., Richardson, R., Brent, S., Perakis, S., Diallo, A., Adjao, R., Sako, M., and Me-Nsope, N. 2011. Accepted April, 2011. "Mali Agricultural Assessment, 2011." April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/MSU_Mali_Ag_Sector_Assessment_Apr25 _final_rev_Nov_8_2011%20(4).pdf
• Staatz, J., Dembele, N., Traore, A., Murekezi, A., Boughton, D., and Longabaugh, S. 2011. Accepted January, 2011 "Project to Mobilize Food Security Initiatives in Mali-Phase II: Quarterly Report, October - December." January. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/Quarterly_Report_MSU_Jan_March_2010 .pdf
• Shipekesa, A., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Why Are Zambian Farmers Not Harvesting All Their Maize" Zambia FSRP Policy Synthesis No. 45. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, July. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps_45.pdf
• Sitko, N., Chapoto, A., Kabwe, S., Tembo, S., Hichaabwa, M., Lubinda, R., Chiwawa, H., Mataa, M., Heck, S., and Nthani, D. 2011. "Technical Compendium: Descriptive Agricultural Statistics and Analysis for Zambia in Support of the USAID Mission's Feed the Future Strategic Review." Food Security Research Project Working Paper 52. Lusaka: Zambia April. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp52.pdf
• Sitko, N., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Constraints to the Development of Commodity Exchanges in Africa: A Case Study of Zamace." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 53. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, June. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp53.pdf
• Stevenson, J., Kelley, T., Byerlee, D., and Maredia, M. 2011. "Agricultural technology, global land use and deforestation: a review and new estimates of the impact of crop research." Rome: Italy CGIAR Independent Science and Partnership Council Secretariat, October. impact.cgiar.org
• Tschirley, D., Hichaambwa, M., and Mwiinga, M. 2011. Comparative assessment of the marketing structure and price behavior of three staple vegetables in Lusaka, Zambia. In Weibel and Mithoefer, Eds, Understanding the Silent Revolution: New Socio-Economic Research on Horticultural Production and Marketing in Africa. CABI.
• Tschirley, D., and Dembele, N. 2011. "On Managing the New Food Price Environment in Countries with Food Insecure Populations." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 90. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, October. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/number_90.pdf
• Tschirley, D. 2011. "What is the Scope for Horticulture to Drive Smallholder Poverty Reduction in Africa" MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 88. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, June 2011. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/number88.pdf
• Smale, M., Byerlee, D., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Maize Revolutions in Sub-Saharan Africa." Tegemeo Institute Working Paper 40/2011. Nairobi, Kenya: Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development. http://www.tegemeo.org/documents/work/Wp40-Maize-Revolutions-in-sub-S aharan-Africa.pdf
• Mulenga, B., Richardson, R., Mapemba, L., and Tembo, G. 2011. "The Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 54. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, June. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp54.pdf
• Mulenga, B., Richardson, R., Mapemba, L., and Tembo, G. 2011. "Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Policy Synthesis No. 46. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, September. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps_46.pdf
• Nkonde, C., Mason, N., Sitko, N., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Who Gained and Who Lost from Zambia's 2010 Maize Marketing Policies" Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 49. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp49.pdf
• Nyirenda, D., and Haggblade, S. 2011. July, 2010 Chemical safety of cassava products in regional cassava production and processing: experience from Southern Africa. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49 (33): 607-612.
• Ricker-Gilbert, J., Jayne,T., and E. Chirwa. 2011. Subsidies and Crowding Out: A Double-Hurdle Model of Fertilizer Demand in Malawi. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93 (1, February): 26-42.
• Smale, M. 2011. "Does Household Headship Affect Demand for Hybrid Maize Seed in Kenya An Exploratory Analysis Based on 2010 Survey Data." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 115. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, November. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp115.pdf
• Ariga, J. and Jayne, T. 2010. Private-Sector Responses to Public Investments and Policy Reforms: The Case of Fertilizer and Maize Market Development in Kenya. In: Spielman, David, J. and Rajul Pandya-Lorch.(eds.) "Proven successes in agricultural development: a technical compendium to Millions Fed," IFPRI: Washington, D.C., pp. 349-380
• Ariga, Joshua, and Jayne, T. 2011. Agriculture in Kenya: Increasing Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers. In Yes Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent, eds. Punam Chuhan-Pole & Shanta Devarajan, The World Bank Group.
• Abbink, K., Jayne, T. and Moller, L. 2011. The Relevance of a Rules-Based Maize Marketing Policy: An Experimental Case Study of Zambia. Journal of Development Studies, 47(2): 207-230
• Banda, D., Hamukwala, P., Haggblade, S., and Chapoto, A. 2011. "Dynamic Pathways into and out of Poverty: A Case of Small Holder Farmers in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 56. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, August. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp56.pdf
• Burke, W., Hichaambwa, M., Banda, D., and Jayne, T. 2011. "The Cost of Maize Production by Smallholder Farmers in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 50. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, March. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp50.pdf
• Burke, W., Jayne, T., and Chapoto, A. 2011. "Factors Contributing to Zambia's 2010 Maize Bumper Harvest." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 58. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, September. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp48.pdf
• Chapoto, A., Banda,D., Haggblade, S., and Hamukwala, P. 2011. "Factors Affecting Poverty Dynamics in Rural Zambia." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 55. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, July. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp55.pdf
• Chapoto, A., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Zambian Farmers' Access to Maize Markets." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 57. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, November. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp57.pdf
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., and Mason, N. 2011. Widows' Land Security in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia. Economic Development and Cultural Change 59 (3): 356-368.
• Diallo, B., Dembele, N., and Staatz, J. 2011. "La hausse des prix alimentaires mondiaux 2007-08: des substitutions possibles pour les consommateurs." PRESAO. Messages-cles Number 3-2011-08. Aout. PRESAO, Composante SRAI. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/srai/presao_template_Message_cles_33333.pdf
• Diallo, B., Dembele, N., and Staatz, J. 2011. "La hausse des prix alimentaires mondiaux: des retombees possibles pour les producteurs mais a quelles conditions" PRESAO Messages-cles Number 2-2011-08. Aout 2011. PRESAO, Composante SRAI. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/srai/presao_template_Message_cles_2222.pdf
• Diallo, B., Dembele, N., and Staatz, J. 2011. "La hausse des prix alimentaires mondiaux 2007-08: ce que nous enseigne le passe. " PRESAO Messages-cles Number 1-2011-08. Aout. PRESAO, Composante SRAI. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/srai/presao_template_Message_cle_1111.pdf
• Gage, D. 2011. "Revitalizing Zambia's Agricultural Marketing Information Centre (Amic)." Zambia FSRP Policy Synthesis No. 44. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, July. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps_44.pdf
• Haggblade, S. 2011. "Unscrambling Africa: Regional Requirements for Achieving Food Security." Policy Brief 85 Washington, DC: USA USAID Office of Sustainable Development, April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/number85.pdf
• Haggblade, S. Accepted March, 2011. Modernizing African Agribusiness: Reflections for the Future. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies.
• Haggblade, S., Kabwe, S., and Plerhoples, C. 2011. "Productivity Impact of Conservation Farming on Smallholder Cotton Farmers in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 47. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, March. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp47.pdf
• Jamora, N., Bernsten, R., and Maredia, M. 2011. "Impacts of U.S. Graduate Degree Training on Capacity Building in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the Pulse CRSP." Staff Paper Series 2011-04. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, MSU, April. http://purl.umn.edu/105037
• Jayne, T., Mather, D., and Mghenyi, E. 2010. Principal Challenges Confronting Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 38(10): 1384-1398
• Jayne, T., Chapoto, A., and Chamberlin, J. 2011. "Strengthening Staple Food Markets in Eastern And Southern Africa: Toward An Integrated Approach for CAADP Investment Plans." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 89. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, September. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/number_89.pdf
• Jayne, T., and Boughton, D. 2011. "What Kind of Agricultural Strategies Lead to Broad-Based Growth: Implications For Country-Led Agricultural Investment Programs." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 86. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, May. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/number_86.pdf
• Jayne, T., Haggblade, S., Minot, N., and Rashid, S. 2011. "Agricultural Commercialization, Rural Transformation and Poverty Reduction: What have We Learned about How to Achieve It" AAMP Policy Brief 1. African Agricultural Markets Programme, Food Security Research Group, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/aamp/Kigali%20Conference/Agricultural_Commerci alization_Policy_Brief.pdf
• Jayne, T., Haggblade, S., Minot, N., and Rashid, S. 2011. "Agricultural Commercialization, Rural Transformation and Poverty Reduction: What have We Learned about How to Achieve It" Synthesis Report. African Agricultural Markets Programme, Food Security Research Group, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/aamp/Kigali%20Conference/Smallholder_commercia lization_Synthesis2.pdf
• Jayne, T., Mason, N., Burke, W., Shipekesa, A., Chapoto, A., and Kabaghe, C. 2011. "Mountains of Maize, Persistent Poverty." Zambia FSRP Policy Synthesis No. 48. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, November. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps_48.pdf
• Kadiyala, Suneetha and Chapoto, A. 2011. "The AIDS Epidemic, Nutrition, Food Security and Livelihoods: Review of Evidence in Africa." In David E. Sahn (editor), The Socioeconomic Dimensions of HIV/AIDS in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Misconception. New York: Cornell University. http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.tafti_id=9885
• Kelly, V., Boughton, D., and Magen, B. 2011. "Pathways to Improved Profitability and Sustainability of Cotton Cultivation at Farm Level in Africa: An Approach to Assessing Critical Knowledge Gaps." MSU International Development Working Paper 112. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, February. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp112.pdf
• Kelly, V., Crawford, E., Richer-Gilbert, J. 2011. "The New Generation of African Fertilizer Subsidies: Panacea or Pandora's Box" MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 87. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, May. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/number_87.pdf
• Kirimi, L., Sitko, N., Jayne, T., Karin, F., Muyanga, M., Sheahan, M., Flock, J., and Bor, G. 2011. "A Farm Gate-to-Consumer Value Chain Analysis of Kenya's Maize Marketing System." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 111. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, January. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp111.pdf
• Kuteya, A., Beaver, M., Chapoto, A., Burke, W., Mason, N., and Weber, M. 2011. "Statistical Report on Categorization of Rural Cropping Households in Zambia." Food Security Research Project Working Paper 51. Lusaka: Zambia, March. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp51/index.htm
• Kuteya, A., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Trends in Maize Grain, Roller and Breakfast Meal Prices in Zambia." Zambia FSRP Policy Synthesis No. 47. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, September. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps_47.pdf
• Longabaugh, S., Dembele, N., Traore, A., Murekezi, A., Boughton, D., Kelly, V., and Staatz, J. 2011. Accepted April, 2011. "Project to Mobilize Food Security Initiatives in Mali-Phase II: Quarterly Report, January - March 2011." April. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/Quarterly_Report_MSU_Jan_March_2010 .pdf
• Maredia, M. 2011. "Curriculum Enhancement and Reform to Meet the Needs of Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries: Survey of Literature." Staff Paper Series 2011-05. East Lansing, Michigan: USA Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, MSU, May. http://purl.umn.edu/105395
• Maredia, M., and Akibode, S. 2011. "Global and Regional Trends in Production, Trade and Consumption of Food Legume Crops." CGIAR Standing Panel on Impact Assessment, ISPC Secretariat, FAO: Rome April. http://impact.cgiar.org/in-progress/legume.
• Maredia, M., and Raitzer, D. Accepted September, 2011 Review and Analysis of Documented Trends and Patterns of Agricultural Research Impacts in Southeast Asia. Agricultural Systems.
• Mason, N., Burke, W., Shipekesa, A., and Jayne, T. 2011. "The 2011 Surplus in Smallholder Maize Production in Zambia: Drivers, Beneficiaries, & Implications for Agricultural & Poverty Reduction Policies." Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 58. Lusaka, Zambia: Food Security Research Project, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, November. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp58.pdf
• Mason, N., Jayne, T., Chapoto, A., and Donovan, C. 2011. Putting the 2007/2008 Global Food Crisis in Longer-Term Perspective: Trends in Staple Food Affordability in Urban Zambia and Kenya. Food Policy 36 (2011): 350-367.
• Mather, D., Boughton, D., and Jayne, T. 2011. "Smallholder Heterogeneity and Maize Market Participation in Southern and Eastern Africa: Implications for Investment Strategies to Increase Marketed Food Staple Supply." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 113. East Lansing, MI: Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, October. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp113.pdf
• Mghenyi, E., Myers, R., and Jayne, T. 2011. The effects of a large discrete maize price increase on the distribution of household welfare and poverty in rural Kenya. Agricultural Economics, 42(3): 343-356.

Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Mali), in Asia (India, China), and in Central America (Honduras). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa and Asia. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), outreach with COMESA in Southern Africa, Markets in Asia, and the IFPRI/MSU program to study the impact of organized retail markets in India. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through project Web sites. Graduate degrees were obtained in 2010 by 4 M.S. and 1 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journals, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. PARTICIPANTS: PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 15 fixed-term faculty members and 19 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, local government and civil-society leaders, and formal short-term and long-term degree training. TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES for the research conducted under this project included middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, COMESA, Council of Ministers of Agriculture of West Africa, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: $1.5 million in new funding was received for the Mali and Mozambique projects, and $12.5 million in new funding for another 5-year project in Zambia. Other funding was received from ECOWAS for work on regional and country CAADP planning in West Africa. New work was launched in Senegal and Burkina Faso to evaluate the impact of improved cowpea varieties developed under the Dry Grain Pulse CRSP project.

Impacts
(1) Studies by Reardon and colleagues in Asia and Central America continue to improve recognition of the growing role of supermarkets in the food system, and have provided insights into the technologies and practices that smallholder farmers must adopt in order to achieve the reliability and quality of output needed for effective participation in supermarket-led or export-oriented value chains. Separate but complementary studies by Tschirley and colleagues in Africa continue to focus on similar challenges, to both traders and farmers, but with greater attention to the traditional marketing system and agents. This work is helping to identify investments and policy changes that would help modernize domestic horticultural and other commodity/food product markets. (2) Funding from ECOWAS and USAID/Mali supported the preparation and formal approval of CAADP country compacts and a West Africa regional compact, outlining agricultural investment strategies for potential donor invesment (3) MSU Food Security faculty were invited to give three major presentations and briefings in 2010 based on a 2009 report that summarized lessons learned from the past 25 years of applied research, outreach and capacity-building carried out under the Food Security Cooperative Agreements with USAID. These insights are being used to inform new efforts by the US government in the area of food security improvement and poverty reduction in Africa and other regions. (4) Research on input markets (especially for fertilizer) by Jayne, Kelly, and their graduate students and colleagues has shed light on the pattern of beneficiaries from government support programs, and has significantly raised awareness of the extent to which such programs discourage private sector participation in input marketing. Findings from these studies continue to have a clear influence on policy debates among major donors (e.g., World Bank) and national governments about the merits of fertilizer subsidies. (5) Graduate student research in Malawi and Zambia has documented the extent to which government fertilizer subsidy programs displace (substitute for) commercial sales of fertilizer, and show the impact of government policies on the level and variability of maize prices over time, which contributes to the debate over appropriate strategies for reducing price variability. (6) Under the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP, work under the impact assessment project has documented the varieties of improved bean varieties developed under CRSP funding in Central and Latin America, and of improved cowpea varieties in West Africa. This is a preliminary step towards estimating the impact of CRSP-funded research in these areas.

Publications

• Abbink, K., Jayne, T., and Moller, L. 2010. The Relevance of a Rules-Based Maize Marketing Policy: An Experimental Case Study of Zambia. Journal of Development Studies May.
• Ariga, J., and Jayne, T. 2010. "Private Sector Responses to Public Investments and Policy Reforms. The Case of Fertilizer and Maize Market Development in Kenya." International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC. Discussion Paper 00921. Washington, DC: USA.
• Ariga, J., and Jayne, T. 2010. Agriculture in Kenya: Increasing Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers. In Yes Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent, eds. Chuhan-Pole, Punam, and Devarajan, Shanta. The World Bank Group.
• Ariga, J., and Jayne, T. 2010. Maize trade and marketing policy interventions in Kenya. In Food Security in Africa: Markets and Trade Policy for Staple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa, eds. Sarris, A., and Morrison, J. Cheltenham: United Kingdom Edward Elgar Publishers.
• Ariga, J., and Jayne, T. 2010. Unlocking the Market: Fertilizer and Maize in Kenya. In Millions Fed: Proven Successes in Agricultural Development, eds. Spielman, D., and Pandya-Lorch, R. Washington, DC: USA IFPRI.
• Collins, S., Carpenter, S., Swinton, S., et al. 2010. An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Social-ecological Research. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
• Dembele, N., and Staatz, J. 2010. "Securite alimentaire en Afrique de l'Ouest : Enjeux et Elements Strategique pour sa Realisation." Programme de Recherche et de Renforcement des Capacites en matiere de Securite Alimentaire en Afrique de l'Ouest (PRESAO) Documents de Travail 2010-02. April. aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/Securite_alimentaire_en_Afrique_Sub.pdf.
• Dembele, N.N. 2010. "Project to Mobilize Food Security Initiatives in Mali--Phase II: Quarterly Report, Oct-Dec. 2009." January. aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/Quarterly_Report_MSU_Oct_Dec_2009.pdf.
• Diallo, B., Dembele, N., and Staatz, J. 2010. "Analyse des prix de parite en Afrique de l'Ouest : Le cas du riz depuis la crise de 2007-2008. Rapport de synthese provisoire." East Lansing and Bamako: MSU AFRE/PROMISAM II-SRAI, January. aec.msu.edu/fs2/srai/Parity_price_pape_revue.pdf.
• Donnet, L., Weatherspoon, D., and Moss, C. 2010. Measuring Food Product Differentiation by Quality Ratings: A Cross-Entropy Analysis of Specialty Coffee e-Auctions. Journal of Agricultural Economics 61 (1): 122-137. doi: 10.111/j.1477-9552.2009.00225.x.
• Dorward, A., Chirwa, E., and Jayne, T. 2010. The Malawi Agricultural Inputs Subsidy Programme, 2005/6 to 2008/9. In Yes Africa Can: Success Stories from a Dynamic Continent, eds. Chuhan-Pole, Punam, and Devarajan, Shanta. The World Bank Group.
• Haggblade, S.H. "Africa's Cassava Surge." 2010. Chapter 2 in Haggblade and Hazell, ed. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S.H. "Regional Trade and Food Security: Recent Evidence from Zambia." 2010. Chapter 8 in Sarris and Morrison editors, Food Security in Africa: Market and Trade Policy for Staple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
• Haggblade, S.H. "Unscrambling Africa: Regional Requirements for Achieving Food Security. 2010. MSU International Development Working Paper No.107. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics. October.
• Haggblade, S.H. 2010. "Implications for the Future." Chapter 9 in Haggblade and Hazell, ed. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S.H. 2010. "Lessons from Past Successes." Chapter 8 in Haggblade and Hazell, ed. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S.H. 2010. "Sustainable Soil Fertility Management Systems." Chapter 7 in Haggblade and Hazell, ed. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S.H. and Hazell, P.B. (Eds.) 2010. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S.H., Hazell, P.B., and Reardon, T.R. 2010. "The Rural Nonfarm Economy: Prospects for Growth and Poverty Reduction" World Development 38(10) 1429-1441.
• Jayne, T., Mather, D., and Mghenyi, E. 2010. "Principal Challenges Facing Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa." 38. October.
• Jayne, T., Tschirley, D., Chapoto, A., Kabaghe, C., and Weber, M. 2010. Land and food security: The Policy Issues. The Zambian Economist, March.
• Jayne, T., Tschirley, D., Chapoto, A., Kabaghe, C., and Weber, M. 2010. "The Status of Customary Land and How it Affects the Rights of Indigenous Local Communities." Lusaka: Zambia FSRP, January.
• Jayne, T.S., Chapoto, A., and Govereh, J. 2010. Grain marketing policy at the crossroads: Challenges for Eastern and Southern Africa. In A. Sarris and J. Morrison (eds), Food Security in Africa: Markets and Trade Policy for Staple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa, Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar Publishers.
• Ma, S., Swinton, S., Lupi, F., and Jolejole, C. 2010. "Why Farmers Opt Not to Enroll in Payment-for-Environmental-Services Programs." Agricultural and Applied Economics Associate 2010 annual meeting Selected paper. Denver, CO: May. purl.umn.edu/61392.
• Maredia, M. 2010. "The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for ECOWAP/CAADP: A Proposal." Report submitted to ECOWAS, November.
• Maredia, M. 2010. Impacts of Agricultural Development on Food Security Goal: Methods, Approaches and Best Practices for Improving the Proof. In Millions Fed: Proven Successes in Agricultural Development -- Technical Compendium.
• Maredia, M. 2010. Impacts of Agricultural Development on Food Security Goal: Methods, Approaches and Best Practices for Improving the Proof. In Proven successes in agricultural development: A technical compendium to Millions Fed, eds. Spielman, David J., and Pandya-Lorch, Rajul. Washington, D.C.: USA IFPRI.
• Maredia, M., and Raitzer, D. 2010. Estimating Overall Returns to International Agricultural Research in Africa through Benefit-Cost Analysis: A "best-evidence" approach. Agricultural Economics 41(1):81-100. onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/doi/10.1111/agec.2010.41.is sue-1/issuetoc.
• Maredia, M., Bernsten, R., and Ragasa, C. 2010. Returns to Public Sector Plant Breeding in the Presence of Spill-ins and Private Goods: The Case of Bean Research in Michigan. Agricultural Economics (41 (5)):
• Mason, N., Jayne, T., Chapoto, A., and Myers, R. 2010. A Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia. World Development 38 (3): 356-368.
• Nagai, T., Staatz, J.M., Bernsten, R.H., Sakyi-Dawson, E.O, and Annor, G.A. 2010. Locally Processed Roasted-maize-based Weaning Foods Fortified with Legumes: Factors Affecting Their Availability and Competitiveness in Accra, Ghana. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 9(9).
• Ohl, C., and Swinton, S. 2010. Integrating Social Sciences into Longterm Ecological Research. In Long-term Ecological Research: Between Theory and Application. Dordrecht: Netherlands Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-8782-9.
• Okello, J., and Swinton, S. 2010. From Circle of Poison to Circle of Virtue: Pesticides, Export Standards and Kenya's Green Bean Farmers. Journal of Agricultural Economics 61 (2): 209-224. www.wiley.com/bw/journal.aspref=0021-857x.
• Reyes-Padilla, B., Bernsten, R., and Rosas, J. C. 2010. "Assessing the Socioeconomic Impact of Participatory Plant Breeding in Honduras." Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative Vol. 53.
• Simasiku, P., Chapoto, A., Richardson, R., Sichilongo, M., Tembo, G., Weber, M., and Zulu, A. 2010. "Natural Resource Management, Food Security And Rural Development In Zambia: Moving From Research Evidence To Action." 37. Lusaka: Zambia Food Security Research Project, February. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps37.pdf.
• Smale, M., and Jayne, T. 2010. Breeding an "Amaizing" Crop: Improved maize in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. In Millions Fed: Proven Successes in Agricultural Development, eds. Spielman, D., and Pandya-Lorch, R. Washington, DC: USA IFPRI.
• Song, F., Zhao, J., and Swinton, S. 2010. "Alternative Land Use Policies: Real Options with Costly Reversibility." Agricultural and Applied Economics Association 2010 annual meeting Selected paper. Denver, CO: July. purl.umn.edu/61510.
• Staatz, J. 2010. Enhancing Agricultural Growth in Africa's Agribusiness. In Adding Value to Africa's industry and trade through agro-industry and agribusiness: An agenda for action, eds. Kormawa, Patrick, and Roepstorff, Torben M. Vienna: Austria UNIDO.
• Staatz, J. 2010. Review of From Parastatals to Private Trade: Lessons from Asian Agriculture, by Shahidur Rashid, Ashok Gulati and Ralph Cummings Jr. Economic Development and Cultural Change 59(1):247-250.
• Staatz, J., and Ricks, D. 2010. Value Chain Participant Councils: A Tool for Improved Market Coordination and Broad-Based Growth. In Markets, Marketing and Developing Countries: Where We Stand and Where We are Heading, ed. Tryp, Hans, 97-102. Wageningen: The Netherlands Wageningen Academic Publishers.
• Haggblade, S.H., Kabwe, S., Plerhoples, C. 2010. Productivity Impact of Conservation Farming on Smallholder Cotton Farmers in Zambia. Steven Haggblade, Stephen Kabwe and Christina Plerhoples. Zambia FSRP Working Paper No. 47. July.
• Haggblade, S.H., Nyirenda, D.B., Chiwona-Karltun, L., Chitundu, M., and Brimer, L. (in press 2010) "Chemical safety of cassava products in regional cassava production and processing: experience from Southern Africa." Food and Chemical Toxicology.
• James, L., Swinton, S., and Thelen, K. 2010. Profitability of Cellulosic Energy Crops Compared with Corn. Agronomy Journal 102 (2): 675-687.
• Jayne, T., and Ariga, J. 2010. Food Security in Africa: Market and Trade Policy for Staple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa. In Food Security in Africa: Market and Trade Policy for Staple Foods in Eastern and Southern Africa, eds. Sarris, Alexander, and Morrison, Jamie. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Rome, Italy) and Edward Elgar Publishing, Northhampton, MA, USA.
• Jayne, T., and Tschirley, D. 2010. Food price spikes and strategic interactions between the public and private sectors: Market failures or governance failures In FAO Commodity Market Review, 2009/10. Rome: Italy Trade and Markets Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
• Swinton, S., Jolejole, M., Rector, N., and Lupi, F. 2010. Changing farmer choices about how to manage agricultural ecosystems and what ecosystem services to provide. In The Ecology of Agricultural Ecosystems: Research on the Path to Sustainability, ed. Hamilton, Stephen. Oxford University Press.
• Swinton, S., Zhang, W., Gross, K., and Landis, D. 2010. Ecosystem services afforded by agroecosystems. In The Ecology of Agricultural Ecosystems: Research on the Path to Sustainability, eds. Hamilton, Stephen, and Doll, Julie. Oxford University Press.
• Tembo, G., Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., and Weber, M. 2010. Fostering Food Market Development in Zambia. Zambia Social Science Journal 1 (1): 39-60.
• Tschirley, D., and Jayne, T. 2010. Exploring the logic behind Southern Africa's food crises. World Development 38 (1): 76-87.
• Weatherspoon, D. 2010. Will Enhanced Food Production Technology and Innovation be necessary to feed the expanding global population over the next 20 years July. www.bestfoodfacts.org/prod/.
• Zhang, W., Werf, W., and Swinton, S. 2010. Spatially Optimal Habitat Management for Enhancing Natural Control of an Invasive Agricultural Pest: Soybean Aphid. Resource and Energy Economics. doi: 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2010.04.006.

Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: PROGRESS: 2009/01 TO 2009/12 OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Malawi), in Asia (India, China), and in Central America (Honduras). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa and Asia. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting in connection with activities under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), outreach with COMESA in Southern Africa, Markets in Asia, and the IFPRI/MSU program to study the impact of organized retail in India. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through Web sites established by projects such as FS-III , the Pulse CRSP . Graduate degrees were obtained in 2009 by 10 M.S. and 1 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, outreach-based training to local government and civil-society leaders, and formal training that is either short-term and narrowly focused or longer-term advanced degree training. TARGET AUDIENCES for research conducted under this project include middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, COMESA, Council of Minister of Agriculture of West Africa, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journal, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. The latter are also made available through MSU-hosted project Web sites. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: New work started in Zambia with ACF funding, with World Vision, with COMESA, Syngenta and IRAM. PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 13 experienced fixed-term faculty members and 18 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. PARTICIPANTS: PROGRESS: 2009/01 TO 2009/12 ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Malawi), in Asia (India, China), and in Central America (Honduras). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa and Asia. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting in connection with activities under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), outreach with COMESA in Southern Africa, Markets in Asia, and the IFPRI/MSU program to study the impact of organized retail in India. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through Web sites established by projects such as FS-III (at http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/index.htm ), the Pulse CRSP (at http://www.pulsecrsp.msu.edu/ ), and PFID-Fruits/Vegetables (at http://www.pfid.msu.edu/ ). Graduate degrees were obtained in 2009 by 10 M.S. and 1 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, outreach-based training to local government and civil-society leaders, and formal training that is either short-term and narrowly focused or longer-term advanced degree training. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journal, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. The latter are also made available through MSU-hosted project Web sites. PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 13 experienced fixed-term faculty members and 18 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES for research conducted under this project include middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, COMESA, Council of Minister of Agriculture of West Africa, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: New work started in Zambia with ACF funding, with World Vision, with COMESA, Syngenta and IRAM.

Impacts
IMPACT: 2009/01 TO 2009/12 (1) Studies by Reardon and colleagues in Asia and Central America continue to improve recognition of the growing role of supermarkets in the food system, and have provided insights into the technologies and practices that smallholder farmers must adopt in order to achieve the reliability and quality of output needed for effective participation in supermarket-led or export-oriented value chains. Separate but complementary studies by Tschirley and colleagues in Africa continue to focus on similar challenges, to both traders and farmers, but with greater attention to the traditional marketing system and agents. This work is helping to identify investments and policy changes that would help modernize domestic horticultural and other commodity/food product markets. (2) Methods for collection, analysis, and dissemination of market information, initially developed in Mali, have been adopted and continue to be improved upon in Mozambique and Zambia. This information, along with results from parallel studies of trader behavior and farm household participation in agricultural markets, has provided a more solid empirical basis for agricultural policy, as well as improving the efficiency of markets for both farmers and traders. (3) MSU faculty summarized lessons learned from the past 25 years of applied research, outreach and capacity-building carried out under the Food Security Cooperative Agreements with USAID. These insights are being used to inform new efforts by the US government in the area of food security improvement and poverty reduction in Africa and other regions. (4) Research on input markets (especially for fertilizer) by Jayne, Kelly, Crawford and colleagues has shed light on the pattern of beneficiaries from government support programs, and has significantly raised awareness of the extent to which such programs discourage private sector participation in input marketing. Findings from these studies continue to have a clear influence on policy debates among major donors (e.g., World Bank) and national governments about the merits of fertilizer subsidies. For example, in 2009 a fertilizer reform study tour team from Zambia visited Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi. AFRE/MSU work in these and other cross-cutting studies were instrumental in helping this review team develop reform alternatives for use in Zambia. (5) Researchers and policy analysts continue to improve the timeliness and quality of their analysis of field survey data in Western and Eastern/Southern Africa as a result of the MSU-developed and locally tailored training materials for use of SPSS and STATA.

Publications

• Nijhoff, J. 2009. Staple Food Trade in the COMESA Region: The Need for a Regional Approach to Stimulate Agricultural Growth and Enhance Food Security. Paper at the Twenty Fourth Meeting of the Trade and Customs Committee. COMESA. Nairobi, Kenya. 2-4 November. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/afr/food_staples_trade_COMESA_region.pdf
• Norton, G., and Swinton, S. 2009. Protocol for Economic Impact Evaluation of IPM Programmes. In Integrated Pest Management Dissemination and Impact Peshin, R., and Dhawan, A. K., 79-101. Dordrecht: Netherlands Springer.
• Okello, J., and Swinton, S. 2009. From Circle of Poison to Circle of Virtue: Pesticides, Export Standards and Kenyas Green Bean Farmers. Journal of Agricultural Economics. www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp
• Crawford, E., Boughton, D., Allen IV, J., Donovan, C., Haggblade, S., Mather, D., Staatz, J., Tschirley, D., and Weber, M. 2009. "Improving Food Security in Africa: Highlights of 25 Years of Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach." MSU International Development Policy Synthesis 84. October
• Crawford, E., Boughton, D., Donovan, C., Longabaugh, S. 2009. Food Security III Cooperative Agreement Progress Report for FY2009. November 20. AFRE/MSU, East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/FS_III_Progress_Report_FY2009.pdf
• Estur, Gerald, Poulton, Colin, Tschirley, David L. 2009. Quality Control. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L.
• Fernandez, A., Richardson, R., Tschirley, D., Tembo, G. 2009. The Impacts of Wildlife Conservation Policies on Rural Household Welfare in Zambia. FSRP Policy Synthesis Number 33. September. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps33.pdf
• Fernandez, A., Richardson, R., Tschirley, D., Tembo, G. 2009. Wildlife Conservation in Zambia: Impacts on Rural Household Welfare. FSRP Working Paper No. 41. September. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp41.pdf
• FSRP/MSU Management Team. 2009. FSRP Project Annual Narrative Report: 2008/2009. AFRE/MSU. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/FSRP_2008_2009_Annual_Report.pdf
• Gelson, T., Bandyopadhyay, S., Pavy, J.M. 2009. Impact of Natural Resource Conservation Policies on Household Consumption Around Zambian National Parks. FSRP Policy Synthesis Number 35. October. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps35.pdf
• Govereh, J., Malawo, E., Lungu, T., Jayne, T., Chinyama, K., Chilonda, P. 2009. Trends and Spatial Distribution of Public Agricultural Spending in Zambia: Implication for Agricultural Productivity Growth. FSRP Working Paper No. 36. February. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp_36.pdf
• Haggblade, S. 2009. Bringing the Poor into a Growth Agenda. What Role for Africas Rural Nonfarm Economy Background Paper for Agriculture and Lands. African Ministers Meeting April. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/afr/Appendix_1.pdf
• Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., and Reardon, T. 2009. Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. IFPRI Issues Brief no. 58. February.
• Haggblade, S., Longabaugh, S., Tschirley, D. 2009. Spatial Patterns of Food Staple Production and Marketing in South East Africa: Implications for Trade Policy and Emergency Response. AFRE/MSU IDWP Number 100. September. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp100.pdf
• Hichaambwa, M., Beaver, M., Chapoto,A., and Weber, M. 2009. Patterns Of Urban Food Consumption And Expenditure In Zambia. An Overview Report Based on the CSO/MACO/FSRP Food Consumption Survey in Urban Areas of Lusaka, Kitwe, Mansa and Kasama, 2007-2008. Zambia Food Security Research Project, Working Paper Number 43. Lusaka, Zambia.
• Jayne, T. Chamberlin, J. 2009. Has Kenyan Farmers Access to Markets and Services Improved Panel Survey Evidence, 1997-2007. Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Working Paper 33. Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/kenya/wp33.pdf
• Jayne, T., Mason, N., Myers, B., Mather, D., Ferris, J., Lenski, N., Chapoto, A., Boughton, D. 2009. Patterns and Trends Affecting Food Staples Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa: Toward the Identification of Priority Investments and Strategies for Developing Staple Food Markets. AFRE/MSU/FSG Report to the Gates Foundation. June. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/gisama/GISAMA_Report_1a.pdf
• Jayne, T., Zulu, B., Kajoba, G., Weber, M. 2009. Access To Land And Poverty Reduction In Rural Zambia: Connecting The Policy Issues. Zambia Food. Zambia Food Security Research Project Policy Synthesis Number 34, Sept 2009. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps34.pdf
• Jiang, Y., and Swinton, S. 2009 Market Interactions, Farmers Choices, and the Sustainability of Growing Advanced Biofuels: A Missing Perspective. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology.
• Magen, B., Donovan, C., Kelly, V. 2009. Can Cash Transfers Promote Food Security in the Context of Volatile Commodity Prices A Review of Empirical Evidence. AFRE/MSU IDWP No. 96. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp96.pdf
• Mason, N., Jayne, T. 2009. Staple Food Consumption Patterns in Urban Zambia: Results from the 2007/2008 Urban Consumption Survey. FSRP Policy Synthesis Number 36, December. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps36.pdf
• Mason, N., Jayne, T. 2009. Staple Food Consumption Patterns in Urban Zambia: Results from the 2007/2008 Urban Consumption Survey. FSRP Working Paper No. 42. Lusaka, Zambia. Nov ember. http://aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp42.pdf
• Mason, N., Jayne, T., Donovan, C., Chapoto, A. 2009. Are Staple Foods Becoming More Expensive for Urban Consumers in Eastern and Southern Africa Trends in Food Prices, Marketing Margins, and Wage Rates in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. AAFRE/MSU IDWP No. 98, June. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp98.pdf
• Mather, D. 2009. Measuring the Impact of Public and Private Assets on Household Crop Income in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005. MINAGRI/DE Research Paper 67. July. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/wps67.pdf
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Boughton, D. 2009. Measuring the Impact of Public and Private Assets on Household Crop Income in Rural Mozambique, 2002-2005. MINAGRI/DE Flash Volume 53 e. November. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/flash/Flash_53e.pdf
• Megill, D. 2009. Methodology for Two Weighting Applications for the 2008 Zambia Supplemental Survey. FSRP Working Paper No. 37. April. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp_37.pdf
• Minten, B., Reardon, T., and Vandeplas, A. 2009. Linking Urban Consumers and Rural Farmers in India: A Comparison of Traditional and Modern Food Supply Chains. IFPRI Discussion Paper, June. IFPRI: Washington DC.
• Okello, J., and Swinton, S., 2009. Serving Two Masters The Challenges Kenyan Smallholder French Bean Farmers Face in Meeting EU Food Standards and Exporters Needs. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness.
• Peralta, A., and Swinton, S. 2009. Food vs. Wood: Dynamic Choices for Kenyan Smallholders. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association 2009 annual meeting. Milwaukee, WI. http://purl.umn.edu/49401.
• Pitoro, R., Walker, T., Tschirley, D., Swinton, S., Boughton, D., de Marule, H. 2009. Can Bt Technology Reduce Poverty Among African Cotton Growers An Ex Ante Analysis of the Private and Social Profitability of Bt Cotton Seed in Mozambique. Contributed Paper prepared for presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/Can_Bt_Technology_Reduce_Povert y_Among_African_Cotton_Growers_RP09_
• Pitoro, R., Walker, T., Tschirley, D., Swinton, S., Boughton, D., de Marule, H. 2009. Prospects for BT Cotton In Mozambique. IIAM-DFDTT Research Report No. 5E. June. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/iiam/rr_5e.pdf
• Pitoro, R., Walker, T., Tschirley, D., Swinton, S., Boughton, D., DeMarrule, H. 2009. Prospects for Bt Cotton in Mozambique. Directorate of Training, Documentation and Technology Transfer. Research Report 5E. Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique, June. www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/iiam/rr_5e.pdf
• Pitoro, R., Walker, T., Tschirley, D., Swinton, S., Boughton, D., and Marrule, H. 2009. Can Bt Technology Reduce Poverty Among African Cotton Growers An Ex Ante Analysis of the Private and Social Profitability of Bt Cotton Seed in Mozambique. 27th Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists. Beijing: China. http://www.purl.umn.edu/51633.
• Pitoro, R., Walker, T., Tschirley, D., Swinton, S., Boughton, D., and DeMarrule, H. 2009. Prospects for Bt Cotton in Mozambique. Directorate of Training, Documentation and Technology Transfer Research Report 5E. Institute of Agricultural Research of Mozambique, June. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/iiam/rr_5e.pdf.
• Poulton, Colin, Labaste, Patrick, Boughton, Duncan H. 2009. Yields and Returns to Farmers. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin Poulton, & Patrick Labaste, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Poulton, Colin, Tschirley, David L. 2009. A Typology of African Cotton Sectors. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin Poulton, & Patrick Labaste, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Reardon, T. 2009. Evaluative Report and Summary on Supply/Value Chains, Market Access, and Linkages. Annex in the Final Report of the UNIDO International Conference on Sharing Innovative Agribusiness Solutions: From Farms to Markets: Providing Know-how and Finance, Cairo, Egypt, November 26-27, 2008, Vienna: UNIDO, May.
• Reardon, T. 2009. Value Chain Research to Improve Efficiency with Equity for Asian Food Security: Research Issues, Concepts, and Methodology to Open the Black Box of the Market. Report submitted to Asian Development Bank via IFPRI New Delhi Office for Value Chains Component, IFPRI project for ADB RETA 13th. Policies for Ensuring Food Security in South and Southeast Asia. April.
• Reardon, T. and Stringer. R. (Guest Editors). 2009. Globalization, Food Market Transformation, and Environment in Developing Countries. Journal of Agricultural Economics.
• Reardon, T., Barrett, C., Berdegue, J., and Swinnen, J. (Guest Editors), 2009. Agrifood Industry Transformation and Farmers in Developing Countries. World Development. 37(11), November. Davis, B., Winters, P., Reardon, T.,and Stamoulis, K. 2009. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Farming: Household-level Linkages. Agricultural Economics 40(2): 119-123.
• Reardon, T., Henson, S., and Gulati, A. 2009. Supermarkets, Food Prices, Diet Diversity, and Food Safety in Developing Countries: Emerging Evidence, Issues, and Hypotheses. in C. Hawkes, C. Blouin, S. Henson, N. Drager, and Laurette Dube, editors). Trade, Food, Diet and Health: Perspectives and Policy Options. Wiley-Blackwell
• Staatz, J., Boughton, D., and Donovan, C. 2009. Food Security in Developing Countries. In Food Security in Developing Countries. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide, eds. Phoenix, Laurel, and Walter, Lynn, 157-77. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
• Staatz, J., Boughton, D., and Donovan, C. 2009. Food Security in Developing Countries. In Food Security in Developing Countries. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide, eds. Phoenix, Laurel, and Walter, Lynn, 157-77. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
• Staatz, J., Boughton, D., and Donovan, C. 2009. "Food Security in Developing Countries." MSU AFRE Staff Paper East Lansing, MI: April.
• Staatz, J., Boughton, D., and Donovan, C. 2009. Food Security in Developing Countries. MSU AFRE Staff Paper. East Lansing, MI: April.
• Staatz, John M., Boughton, Duncan H., Donovan, Cynthia. 2009. Food Security in Developing Countries. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide, eds. Laurel Phoenix & Lynn Walter, Westport, CT. Praeger Publishers.
• Tembo, G., Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., and Weber, M. 2009. Fostering Agricultural Market Development in Zambia. Zambia Food Security Research Project. Working Paper No. 40. July 2009. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp40.pdf
• Tembo, G., Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., Weber, M. 2009. Fostering Agricultural Market Development in Zambia. Gelson Tembo, Antony Chapoto, Thomas Jayne, and Michael Weber. FSRP Working Paper No. 40. July. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp40.pdf
• Tschirley, D,, Poulton, C., Gergely, N., Labaste, P., Baffes, J., Boughton, B., and Estur, G. 2009. Institutional Diversity and Performance in African Cotton Sectors. Development Policy Review.
• Tschirley, D,, Poulton, C., Gergely, N., Labaste, P., Baffes, J., Boughton, B., and Estur, G. 2009. Methode d analyse des effets differentiels des reformes sur les filieres cotonnieres en Afrique. Cahier Agriculture, 18 (5).
• Tschirley, David L. 2009. Input Credit and Extension. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin Poulton, & Patrick Labaste, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Tschirley, David L. 2009. Introduction. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin Poulton, & Patrick Labaste, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Tschirley, David L., Colin Poulton, and Patrick Labaste (Eds.). 2009. Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Tschirley, David L., Minde, Isaac, Boughton, Duncan H. 2009. "Contract Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from cotton on what works and under what conditions." ReSAKSS Issue Briefs March. http://www.resakss.org/
• Wang, H., Dong, X., Rozelle, S., Huang, J, and Reardon, T. 2009. Producing and Procuring Horticultural Crops with Chinese Characteristics: The Case of Northern China., World Development. 37(11), November.
• Xu, Z, Burke, W. J., Jayne, T.S., and J. Govereh. 2009. Do Input Subsidy Programs 'Crowd in' or 'Crowd out' Commercial Market Development Modeling Fertilizer Demand in a Two-Channel Marketing System. Agricultural Economics 40 (2009): 79-94.
• Xu, Z., Guan, Z., Jayne, T., Black, R. 2009. Factors influencing the profitability of fertilizer use on maize in Zambia. Agricultural Economics Volume 40 (2009): 437 - 446. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122322971/abstractCRETRY= 1&SRETRY=0
• Xu, Z., Guan, Z., Jayne, T., Black, R. 2009. Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia. FSRP Working Paper No. 39, June. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp39.pdf
• Xu, Z., Guan, Z., Jayne, T., Black, R. 2009. Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia. FSRP Policy Synthesis Number 32, February. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/ps32.pdf
• Xu, Z., Guan, Z., Jayne, T.S. and Black , R. 2009. Factors influencing the profitability of fertilizer use on maize in Zambia. Agricultural Economics Volume 40 (2009): 437 - 446.
• Boughton, Duncan H., Poulton, Colin. 2009. Cotton Research. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T. 2009. Effects of Maize Marketing and Trade Policy on Price Unpredictability in Zambia. FSRP Working Paper No. 38, June. Lusaka, Zambia. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/zambia/wp38.pdf
• Ariga, J., Jayne, T. 2009. Private Sector Responses to Public Investments and Policy Reforms. The Case of Fertilizer and Maize Market Development in Kenya. IFPRI Discussion Paper 00921. November. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/kenya/o_papers/Ariga-Jayne_Kenya_Fertilize r_IFPRI_2009.pdf
• Baffes, John, Tschirley, David L., Gergely, Nicolas. 2009. Pricing Systems and Prices Paid to Growers. In Organization and Performance of Cotton Sectors in Africa: Learning From Reform Experience, eds. David L. Tschirley, Colin Poulton, & Patrick Labaste, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
• Bernsten, R., and Snapp, S. 2009. August, 2008 Sustainable Agricultural Development in Developing Countries. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide, 95-108. USA Praeger Publishing.
• Bernsten, R., and Snapp, S. 2009. Sustainable Agricultural Development in Developing Countries. In Critical Food Issues: Problems and State-of-the-Art Solutions Worldwide, 95-108. USA Praeger Publishing.
• Boughton, D., Crawford, E., Staatz, J., Donovan, C., Haggblade, S., Jayne, T., Mather, D., Tschirley, D., Weber, M., Allen IV, J. 2009. Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Food Security Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach. AFRE/MSU IDWP 101. East Lansing, MI. November. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp101.pdf
• Boughton, D., Crawford, E., Staatz, J., Donovan, C., Haggblade, S., Jayne, T., Mather, D., Tschirley, D., Weber, M., Allen IV, J. 2009. Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Food Security Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach. AFRE/MSU IDPS Number 84, November. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/polsyn/number84.pdf
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., Kirimi, L., Kadiyala, S. 2009. Characteristics Associated with Prime-Age Mortality in Eastern and Southern Africa: Evidence from Zambia and Kenya. AFRE/MSU IDWP Number 99. September. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/papers/idwp99.pdf
• Chiyoowa, C., Haantuba, H., Hamusimbi, C., Nawiko, M., Mbozi, G., Mbunji, M., Nkatiko, C., Sikwibele, S., Shawa, J., Tembo, I., Zulu, D., Weber, M. 2009. Report on Proposed Reforms for the Zambian Fertilizer Support Programme. Report by a 12 Member Study Team for the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives of Zambia. Published by the Agricultural Consultative Forum, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Crawford, E., Boughton, D., Allen IV, J., and Staatz, J. 2009. "Lessons Learned from 25 Years of Food Security Research, Capacity-Building, and Outreach." MSU International Development Working Paper 101. East Lansing, MI: October
• Crawford, E., Boughton, D., Staatz, J. 2009. Food Security III Cooperative Agreement. Progress Report for FY 2008. AFRE/MSU, April. East Lansing, MI. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/FS_III_Progress_Report_2008_final_revised_ v4.pdf
• Davis, B., Winters, P., Reardon, T. and Stamoulis, K. (Guest Editors). 2009. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Farming: Household-level Linkages. Agricultural Economics 40(2) IN PRESS.
• Dembele, N., Traore, A., Diallo, B., Staatz, J., Boughton, D. 2009. PROMISAM - II Project to Mobilize Food Security Initiatives in Mali. Phase II Annual Report: December, 2008 - September, 2009. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/promisam_2/Annual_Report_MSU_Dec08_Sept_20 09.pdf
• Diallo, B., Dembele, N., Staatz, J., Adjao, R., Cisse, M. 2009. Transmission des hausses des prix internationaux des produits alimentaires en Afrique de l Ouest : Lecons de la crise de 2007-2008 pour l expansion de la production. International Conference on Biofuels in Africa: Biofuels: Instability factor or engine of development Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 10-12 November. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/srai/Communication_Transmission_Prix_MSU.p df
• Dorosh, P., Dradri, S., Steven Haggblade. 2009. Regional trade, government policy and food security: Recent evidence from Zambia. Food Policy 34 (2009)
• Equipe Tecnica do SIMA. 2009. Inicio Antecipado da Campanha de Comercializacao de Milho, Feijoes e Mandioca: Precos Altos Caracterizam a Campanha de Comercializacao de 2007/08. MINAGRI/DE Flash No. 52. Fevereiro. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/flash/Flash_52.pdf
• Erbaugh, J., Crawford, E., and Adipala, E. 2009. Strengthening Faculties of Agriculture in Africa Through Collaborative Post-Graduate Degree Training By U.S. and African Universities: The HEPAD Experience (Abstract). Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 16 (2):70.
• Erbaugh, J., Crawford, E., and Adipala, E. 2009. Strengthening Faculties of Agriculture in Africa Through Collaborative Post-Graduate Degree Training By U.S. and African Universities: The HEPAD Experience (Abstract). Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 16 (2):70.

Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Malawi), in Asia (India, China), and in Central America (Honduras). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa and Asia. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting in connection with activities under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), Markets in Asia, and the IFPRI/MSU program to study the impact of organized retail in India. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through Web sites established by projects such as FS-III (at http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/index.htm ), the Pulse CRSP (at http://www.pulsecrsp.msu.edu/ ), and PFID-Fruits/Vegetables (at http://www.pfid.msu.edu/ ). Graduate degrees were obtained in 2008 by 6 M.S. and 4 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, outreach-based training to local government and civil-society leaders, and formal training that is either short-term and narrowly focused or longer-term advanced degree training. TARGET AUDIENCES for research conducted under this project include middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. EFFORTS used to reach the target audiences for the project include publication in professional journal, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. The latter are also made available through MSU-hosted project Web sites. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None. PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 12 experienced fixed-term faculty members and 36 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TARGET AUDIENCES: Middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
(1) Studies by Reardon and colleagues in Asia and Central America have greatly improved recognition of the growing role of supermarkets in the food system, and have provided insights into the technologies and practices that smallholder farmers must adopt in order to achieve the reliability and quality of output needed for effective participation in supermarket-led or export-oriented value chains. Separate but complementary studies by Tschirley and colleagues have focused on similar challenges, to both traders and farmers, and have helped identify investments and policy changes that would help modernize domestic horticultural markets. (2) Methods for collection, analysis, and dissemination of market information, initially developed in Mali, have been adopted in Mozambique and Zambia. This information, along with results from parallel studies of trader behavior and farm household participation in agricultural markets, has provided a more solid empirical basis for agricultural policy, as well as improving the efficiency of markets for both farmers and traders. (3) MSU faculty played a lead role in coordinating efforts among professionals from World Bank, SOAS/UK and private sector to evaluate 15 years of cotton sector reform experience in Africa, using a detailed value chain approach covering nine countries. Comments on the resulting report include: "This is a very important piece of work (that) ... should prove to be an excellent reference point for years to come" (Steve Jaffee, Senior Economist, World Bank); "This is an important report on a critical topic ... and makes a very valuable contribution to knowledge in this area" (Chris Delgado, Senior Economist, World Bank); "This report is a must-read for all persons with a serious interest in an empirical evaluation of the performance of cotton industry structures in Africa." (Terry Townsend, Executive Director, International Cotton Advisory Committee). (4) Research on input markets (especially for fertilizer) by Jayne, Kelly, Crawford and colleagues has shed light on the pattern of beneficiaries from government support programs, and has significantly raised awareness of the extent to which such programs discourage private sector participation in input marketing. Findings from these studies have had a clear influence on policy debates among major donors (e.g., World Bank) and national governments about the merits of fertilizer subsidies. For example, the evaluation of Malawi's 2006/07 fertilizer and seed subsidy program, on which MSU faculty collaborated with DFID and local researchers, resulted in a number of recommendations that were incorporated to improve the design of the 2007/08 program. (5) Researchers and policy analysts have improved the timeliness and quality of their analysis of field survey data in Western and Eastern/Southern Africa as a result of the MSU-developed and locally tailored training materials for use of SPSS and STATA.

Publications

• Loveridge, S. T. 2008. Development, Rural. In International Encylopedia of the Social Sciences. ed. William Darity, 341-342. Detroit: MacMillan Reference USA.
• Mather, D. and Donovan, C. 2008. "The Impacts of Prime-Age Adult Mortality on Rural Household Income, Assets, and Poverty in Mozambique. D." MINAG/DE Research Report, February. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/wps65e.pdf.
• Minde, I., Jayne, T. S., Crawford, E. W., Ariga, J., and Govereh, J. 2008. "Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya." Report presented to Re-SAKSS Southern Africa. East Lansing, MI: Dept. of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
• Ariga, J., T. Jayne, B. Kibaara, and J. Nyoro. 2008. Trends and Patterns in Fertilizer Use in Kenya, 1997-2007. Working Paper, Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute, Nairobi.
• Berdegue, J.A. and Reardon, T. 2008. "The Retail-Led Transformation of Agrifood Systems," In C.R. Farnworth, J. Jiggins, and E.V. Thomas (editors), Creating Food Futures: Trade, Ethics and the Environment. London: Aldershot: Gower, 11-26.
• Berdegue, J.A. and Reardon, T. 2008. "Impacts of the Supermarket Revolution and the Policy and Strategic Responses," In C.R Farnworth, J. Jiggins, and E.V. Thomas (editors), Creating Food Futures: Trade, Ethics and the Environment. London: Aldershot: Gower, 149-162.
• Chapoto, A. and Jayne, T. S. 2008. Impact of AIDS-Related Mortality on Farm Households' Welfare in Zambia. Econ. Dev. and Cultural Change 56 (2): 327-374.
• Chapoto, A. and Jayne, T. S. 2008. Price Instability, Trade Policy, and the Demand for Food Staples: An Application of the ARCH Model in Eastern and Southern Africa. FAO Trade Division Report.
• Chapoto, A., Haggblade, S., Shawa, J., Jayne, T., and Weber, M. 2008. Marketing Policy Options for Consumer Price Mitigation Actions In the 2008/09 Maize Marketing Season in Zambia. Policy Synthesis No. 31, Food Security Research Project, Zambia, September.
• Cungu, A., Gow, H. R., Swinnen, J. F., and Vranken, L. 2008. Investment with weak contract enforcement: evidence from Hungary during transition. European Review of Agricultural Economics 35(1): 75-91.
• Donnet, M. L., Weatherspoon, D. D., Hoehn, J. P. 2008. Price Determinants in Top-Quality E-Auctioned Specialty Coffees. Agricultural Economics 38(3): 267-76.
• Donovan, C. and Mather, D. 2008. "Impactos de Mortalidade de Adultos Rurais no Rendimento, Bens, e Pobreza em Mocambique: Analise com Dados do Painel do Tia." MINAG/DE Flash, February. http://www.aec.msu.edu/fs2/mozambique/flash/flash_49e.pdf.
• Dorward, A., Chirwa, E., Kelly, V., Jayne, T., Slater, R., and Boughton, D. 2008. Evaluation of the 2006/7 Agricultural Input Supply Programme, Malawi. Final report, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), Wadonda Consult, Michigan State University, and Overseas Development Institute (ODI), undertaken for the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Government of Malawi. March.
• Dorward, A., Chirwa, E., Boughton, D. H., Crawford, E. W., Jayne, T. Slater, R., Kelly, V. A., and Tsoka, M. 2008. "Towards 'smart' subsidies in agriculture Lessons from recent experience in Malawi." Natural Resource Perspectives 116. London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI), September.
• Gulati, A. and Reardon, T. 2008. "Organised retail and food price inflation--Opening the 'Black Box'" Hindu Business Line, May 24.
• Gulati, A., Reardon, T., and Gupta, K. 2008. Private-Sector "Rural Business Hubs": "Getting Rural Services Moving" to Small Farmers in India. Report to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, July.
• Gulati, A. and Reardon, T. 2008. "The Challenges and Opportunities of Agro-industrial Development in Asia-Pacific: Promoting "Competitiveness with Inclusiveness" and "Customized Competitiveness"", IFPRI/MSU Joint Program "Markets in Asia" Brief prepared for the Global Agro-Industries Forum, co-organized by FAO, UNIDO, and IFAD, Delhi, 11 April.
• Haggblade, S., Jayne, T.S., Tschirley, D., and Longabaugh, S. 2008. Potential for Intra-Regional Maize Trade in Southern Africa: an Analysis for Zambia at the Sub-National Level. Working Paper No. 35, Food Security Research Project, Zambia, November.
• Jayne, T. S. 2008. Principal Forces Affecting Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. In McCullough, E.B., Pingali, P.L., and Stamoulis, K.G. (eds.), The Transformation of Agri-Food Systems: Globalization, Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers, London: Earthscan.
• Jayne, T.S., Zulu, B., Kajoba, G., and Weber, M.T. 2008. Access to Land, and Poverty Reduction in Rural Zambia: Connecting the Policy Issues. Working Paper No. 34, Food Security Research Project, Zambia, October.
• Govereh, J., Jayne, T. S., and Chapoto, A. 2008. "Assessment of Alternative Maize Trade and Market Policy Interventions in Zambia." Working Paper No. 33, Food Security Research Project, Zambia, October.
• Jayne, T. S., Myers, R. J., and Nyoro, J. 2008. The Effects of NCPB Marketing Policies on Maize Market Prices in Kenya. Agric. Economics 38(3): 313-325.
• Kelly, V. A. and Donovan, C. 2008. Agricultural Statistics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Differences in Institutional Arrangements and their Impacts on Agricultural Statistics Systems. A Synthesis of Four Country Case Studies. MSU International Development Working Paper No. 95.
• Kelly, V. and Tschirley, D. 2008. Cotton in West and Central Africa: Adapting a successful model to new realities. WACIP/MSU Policy Brief#1.
• Kelly, V. and Tschirley, D. 2008. Seed cotton market structure and cotton sector performance: Many lessons but no fixed prescriptions. WACIP/MSU Policy Brief #2.
• Kelly, V., Dembele, N.N., and Staatz, J. May 2008. Potential Food Security Impacts of Rising Commodity Prices in the Sahel: 2008-2009: A special report by the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET).
• Labarta, R.A., White, D. S., and Swinton, S. M. 2008. "Does Charcoal Production Slow Agricultural Expansion into the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest" World Development 36(3): 527-540.
• Minde, I., Jayne, T. S., Crawford, E. W., Ariga, J., and Govereh, J. 2008. "Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa: Current Issues and Empirical Evidence from Malawi, Zambia, and Kenya." Policy Synthesis 83. East Lansing, MI: Dept. of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University.
• Minten, B. and Reardon, T. 2008. "Food Prices, Quality, and Quality's Pricing in Supermarkets vs Traditional Markets in Developing Countries," Review of Agricultural Economics. 30(3): 480-90.
• Muyanga, M. and Jayne, T. S. 2008. Private Agricultural Extension Systems in Kenya: Practice and Policy Lessons. J. of Agric. Education and Extension 14(2): 111-124.
• Neven, D. and Reardon, T. 2008. "Rapid Rise of Kenyan Supermarkets: Impacts on the Fruit and Vegetable Supply System." In McCullough, E.B., Pingali, P.L., and Stamoulis, K.G. (eds.), The Transformation of Agri-Food Systems: Globalization, Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers, London: Earthscan, 189-206.
• Opiyo, P. A., Yamano, T., and Jayne, T. S. 2008. HIV/AIDS and Home-based Health Care. International Journal for Equity in Health 7:8(March). doi:10.1186/1475-9276-7-8. http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/8
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P., and Berdegue, J.A. 2008. "The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Induced Organizational, Institutional and Technological Change in Agri-Food Systems." In McCullough, E.B., Pingali, P.L., and Stamoulis, K.G. (eds.), The Transformation of Agri-Food Systems: Globalization, Supply Chains and Smallholder Farmers, London: Earthscan, 47-66.
• Traub, L. N., Jayne, T. S. 2008. The effects of price deregulation on maize marketing margins in South Africa. Food Policy 33(3): 224-236.
• Tschirley, D., and Jayne, T.S. 2008. Food Crises and Food Markets: Implications for Emergency Response in Southern Africa. Policy Synthesis No. 82. Dept. of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Econ., Michigan State University, July.
• Tschirley, D. L., Poulton, C., and Boughton, D. H. 2008. The Many Paths of Cotton Sector Reform in Southern and Eastern Africa: Lessons from a Decade of Experience. In Hanging by a Thread: Globalization, Cotton, and Poverty in Africa, Moseley, W. and Gray, L. (Eds.), Chicago: Ohio University Press.
• Reardon, T. 2008. "Promoting Food Security for the Poor by Developing the Agrifood System, with Implications for the Role of the Modern Private Sector," Brief Prepared for the World Economic Forum's New Vision for Agriculture: Planning Meeting. New York City, 23 September.
• Reardon, T. and Gulati, A. 2008. The Rise of Supermarkets and Their Development Implications: International Experience Relevant for India. IFPRI Discussion Paper 007, February. Washington: IFPRI.
• Reardon, T. and Timmer, C.P. 2008. "The Rise of Supermarkets in the Global Food System." Chapter 6 in J. von Braun and Diaz-Bonilla, E.(editors) Globalization of Food and Agriculture, and the Poor. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 189-214.

Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: ACTIVITIES include field surveys of rural households, traders, and urban consumers in Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, and South Africa), in Asia (India, Vietnam, Indonesia), in Central America (Mexico, Nicaragua), and Europe (Turkey, Poland). EVENTS include conference sessions, workshops, and both formal and informal training sessions, primarily in Africa and Asia. Training of research analysts in use of SPSS and STATA for survey data analysis was conducted both in Africa and at MSU. SERVICES include consulting in connection with activities under projects such as Food Security III (in Africa), Markets in Asia, and the IFPRI/MSU program to study the impact of organized retail in India. PRODUCTS include new applied knowledge about the behavior of small farmers and members of rural households, rural and urban consumers, and marketing and processing firms in agricultural and food value chains. Information is disseminated partly through outreach and policy dialogue in the countries concerned, through publication in country-level outlets as well as professional journals, and partly through Web sites established by projects such as FS-III (at http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/index.htm ), the Bean/Cowpea CRSP (at http://www.isp.msu.edu/crsp/ ), and PFID-Fruits/Vegetables (at http://www.pfid.msu.edu/ ). Graduate degrees were obtained in 2007 by 3 M.S. and 3 Ph.D. students working with project investigators. PARTICIPANTS: PARTICIPANTS: In conducting research under this project, the lead investigators, who are tenure-stream faculty members, were joined by 13 experienced fixed-term faculty members and 46 graduate research assistants. Other colleagues include researchers and policy analysts in national or international organizations, including government ministries, research institutes and universities. TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES include in-service training for local project team members, outreach-based training to local government and civil-society leaders, and formal training that is either short-term and narrowly focused or longer-term advanced degree training. TARGET AUDIENCES: TARGET AUDIENCES for research conducted under this project include middle- and upper-level government decision-makers, researchers and policy analysts in national and international institutes, professional agricultural economists and economic development researchers in the U.S. and around the world, other international organizations (including FAO) and personnel from donor agencies such as USAID, the World Bank, the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, and the bilateral donor agencies of many European countries. EFFORTS used to reach these audiences include publication in professional journal, monograph and book outlets, participation in professional meetings, presentations to national government and donor agency audiences, sustained policy dialogue (e.g., through participation on program or policy design task forces) with decision-makers from national or regional organizations, and joint publication of outreach materials with collaborating national institutions. The latter are also made available through MSU-hosted project Web sites. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None.

Impacts
(1) Studies by Reardon and colleagues in Asia and Central America have greatly improved recognition of the growing role of supermarkets in the food system, and have provided insights into the technologies and practices that smallholder farmers must adopt in order to achieve the reliability and quality of output needed for effective participation in supermarket-led or export-oriented value chains. Separate but complementary studies by Tschirley and colleagues have focused on similar challenges, to both traders and farmers, and have helped identify investments and policy changes that would help modernize domestic horticultural markets. (2) Methods for collection, analysis, and dissemination of market information, initially developed in Mali, have been adopted in Mozambique and Zambia. This information, along with results from parallel studies of trader behavior and farm household participation in agricultural markets, has provided a more solid empirical basis for agricultural policy, as well as improving the efficiency of markets for both farmers and traders. (3) Researchers and policy analysts have improved the timeliness and quality of their analysis of field survey data in Western and Eastern/Southern Africa as a result of the MSU-developed and locally tailored training materials for use of SPSS and STATA. (4) Analysis of household survey data on adult deaths has led to new understanding of the incidence, determinants, and household-level impacts of HIV/AIDS. The old emphasis on providing labor-saving agricultural technologies to compensate for declines in family labor supply resulting from adult death has given way to an emphasis on a broader range of household livelihood strategies, and on the need to support households in areas where the combined effect of high HIV/AIDS incidence and weather-induced crop failure greatly increases vulnerability to food insecurity. (5) Research on input markets (especially for fertilizer) by Jayne, Kelly, Crawford and colleagues has shed light on the pattern of beneficiaries from government support programs, and has significantly raised awareness of the extent to which such programs discourage private sector participation in input marketing. Findings from these studies have had a clear influence on policy debates among major donors (e.g., World Bank) and national governments about the merits of fertilizer subsidies. (6) Analysis of the allocation of the Zambian government agricultural budget--showing the large share devoted to subsidies--has had a big impact on policy discussions and was cited twice the World Bank's World Development Report 2008. The basic concepts and approach is being used in other studies in Africa of the impacts of government expenditures in the agriculture sector. (7) As a result of training of trainers in Mali, all 700 townships and 52 counties in the country developed and adopted local food security plans.

Publications

• Haggblade, S. 2007. Zonal Mapping of Food Staple Zones in Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. Cassava Transformation in Southern Africa (CATISA) Startup Task 1. Report. Lusaka: Zambia.
• Haggblade, S. Hazell, P., Reardon, T. 2007. Structural Transformation of the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 4 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Ahmed, R., et al. 2007. The Policy and Institutional Environment Affecting the Rural Nonfarm Ecnomy. Chapter 11 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Diao, X., et al. 2007. Agricultural Growth Linkages in Ethiopia: Estimates Using Fixed and Flexible Price Models. IFPRI Discussion Paper No. 695. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
• Haggblade, S., Dorosh, P., Dradri, S. 2007. Alternative Instruments for Ensuring Food Security and Price Stability in Zambia. FSRP Working Paper No. 29. Lusaka: Food Security Research Project.
• Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., Dorosh, P. 2007. Sectoral Growth Linkages between Agriculture and the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 7 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., Reardon, T. (Eds.) 2007. Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Natawidjaja, R., Reardon, T., Shetty, S., with Noor, T.I., Perdana, T., Rasmikayati, E., Bachri, S., Hernandez, R. 2007. Horticultural Producers and Supermarket Development in Indonesia. UNPAD/MSU Report no. 38543. Indonesia: World Bank. June.
• Oehmke, J. F., Tsukamoto, S., Post, L. A. 2007. Can health care services attract retirees and contribute to the economic sustainability of rural places? Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36(1):95-106.
• Oehmke, J.F., Maredia, K.M. 2007. Economic impact assessment of intellectual property rights regulation: the case of Egypt. In Agricultural biotechnology and intellectual property: seeds of change, ed. Kesan, J.P. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 281-292.
• Oehmke, J.F., Tsukamoto, S., Post, L.A. 2007. Can health care services attract retirees and contribute to the economic sustainability of rural places? Special Issue: Opportunities and challenges facing the rural creative economy. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36(1):95-106.
• Okello, J.J., and Swinton, S.M. 2007. Compliance with international food safety standards in Kenya's green bean industry: comparison of a small and a large scale farm producing for export. Review of Agricultural Economics 29(2):269-285.
• Phan, T.G.T., Reardon, T. 2007. Urban Consumer Preferences for Poultry from Supermarkets versus Traditional Retailers in the Era of Avian Influenza in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Report to USAID; published in the FAO/MARD Proceedings of the Workshop The Future of Poultry Farmers in Vietnam after Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza held on 8-9 March, Hanoi.
• Haggblade, S., Reardon, T., Hyman, E. 2007. Technology as a Motor of Change in the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 14 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Tschirley, D. 2007. Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement in Zambia. 2007. FSRP Working Paper No.28 Lusaka: Food Security Research Project. with David Tschirley.
• Hernandez, R., Reardon, T., Berdegue, J. 2007. Supermarkets, wholesalers, and tomato growers in Guatemala. Agricultural Economics 36(3):281-290.
• Jayne, T.S., Govereh, J. Chilonda, P., Mason, N., Chapoto, A., Haantuba, H. 2007. Trends in Agricultural and Rural Development Indicators in Zambia. Working Paper 24, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Jayne, T.S., Myers, R. 2007. Improving the Performance of Output Markets to Exploit the Productive Potential of New Seeds. Chapter 6 in N. Minot, M. Smale, C. Eicher, T. Jayne, and J. Kling, Improving the seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from experience. Discussion Paper, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
• Kabwe, S., Donovan, C., Samazaka, D. 2007. Assessment of the Farm Level Financial Profitability of the Magoye Ripper in Maize and Cotton Production in Southern and Eastern Provinces. FSRP Zambia Working Paper No. 23. May.
• Kabwe, S., Tschirley, D. 2007. Farm Yields and Returns to Farmers from Seed Cotton: Does Zambia Measure Up? FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 26. November.
• Kabwe, S., Tschirley, D. 2007. Input Credit Provision for Cotton Production: Learning from African Neighbors and Meeting Zambia's Challenges. FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 28. November.
• Kelly, V., Crawford, E. 2007. Policies and actions to stimulate private sector fertilizer marketing in sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural Management, Marketing and Finance Occasional Paper 15. Rome: FAO.
• Kelly, V., Morris, M. 2007. African Fertilizer Policy Toolkit. CD-based guide to fertilizer policy and program design. Directions in Development Series. Agriculture and Rural Development. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
• Loveridge, S., Nizalov, D. 2007. Increasing the equity and efficiency of tax abatement programs. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy 37(1):10-14.
• Loveridge, S., Nizalov, D. 2007. Operationalizing the entrepreneurial pipeline theory: An empirical assessment of the optimal size distribution of local firms. Economic Development Quarterly 21(3):244-262.
• Low, J.W., Arimond, M., Osman, N., Cunguara, B., Zano, F., Tschirley, D. 2007. Ensuring the supply of and creating demand for a biofortified crop with a visible trait: lessons learned from the introduction of orange-fleshed sweet potato in drought-prone areas of Mozambique. Special issue: Linkages between agriculture and health in science, policy, and practice. Food and Nutrition Bulletin:28 (2 Supplement):S258-S270.
• Mainville, D.Y., Reardon, T. 2007. Supermarket Market-Channel Participation and Technology Decisions of Horticultural Producers in Brazil. Revista de Economia Rural 45(3, July-September).
• Makanda, D.W., Oehmke, J.F. 2007. Economics of wheat research in Kenya. In Impact of science on African agriculture and food security, eds. Anandajayasekeram, P.; Rukuni, M.; Babu, S.; Liebenberg, F.; Keswani, C.L. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 34-45.
• Mason, N., Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., Myers, R. 2007. HIV/AIDS and Agrarian Livelihoods in Zambia: a Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis. Policy Synthesis 23, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Mazhangara, E.P. 2007. The Economic Impact of Prime Age Adult Mortality on Malawian Agricultural Households in the Era of HIV/AIDS. Ph.D. dissertation. Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI.
• Moller, L., Abbink, K., Jayne, T. 2007. The Relevance of a Rules-Based Maize Marketing Policy: An Experimental Case Study of Zambia. Report 40166 - ZM. Sustainable Development, Africa Region. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
• Mooney, D.F. 2007. The Economic Impact of Disease-Resistant Bean Breeding Research in Northern Ecuador. M.S. thesis. Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI.
• Morris, M., Kelly, V., Kopicki, R., Byerlee, D. 2007. Fertilizer Use in African Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Good Practice Guidelines. Directions in Development Series. Agriculture and Rural Development. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
• Porch, T.G., Bernsten, R., Rosas, J.C., Jahn, M. 2007. Climate change and the potential economic benefits of heat tolerant bean varieties for farmers in Atlantida, Honduras. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 91(3-4) 133-148.
• Reardon, T. 2007. The Supermarket Revolution in Emerging Markets: Implications for the Produce Industry. Report prepared for the Produce Marketing Association (PMA). November.
• Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A. 2007. The Retail-Led Transformation of Agrifood Systems and its Implications for Development Policies--A Background Paper Prepared for the World Bank's World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. Rimisp and MSU: January.
• Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A., Echanove, F., Cook, R., Tucker, N., Martinez, A., Medina, R., Aguirre, M., Hernandez, R., Balsevich, F. 2007. Supermarkets and Horticultural Development in Mexico: Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations to USAID and GOM, Report submitted by MSU to USAID/Mexico and USDA/Washington, August.
• Reardon, T., Gulati, A. 2007. The Rise of Supermarkets and their Development Implications--the International Experience Relevant for India. Report from the IFPRI/MSU Program on Markets in Asia, prepared collaboratively for ICRIER and included as chapter in the ICRIER final report on The Impact of Organized Retailing on the Unorganized Retail Sector commissioned by the Government of India. October.
• Reardon, T., Henson, S., Berdegue, J. 2007. 'Proactive fast-tracking' diffusion of supermarkets in developing countries: Implications for market institutions and trade. Journal of Economic Geography 7(4):399-431.
• Reardon, T., Stamoulis, K., Pingali, P. 2007. Rural Nonfarm Employment in Developing Countries in an era of Globalization. In Otsuka, K., Kalirajan, K. (Eds.), Contributions of Agricultural Economics to Critical Policy Issues: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists, 12-18 August 2006, Brisbane, Australia. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
• Reardon, T., Stamoulis, K., Pingali, P. 2007. Rural nonfarm employment in developing countries in an era of globalization. Agricultural Economics 37:173-183.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P. 2007. The Rise of Supermarkets in the Global Food System. Chapter 6 in von Braun, J. (Ed.), Globalization of Food and Agriculture, and the Poor. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P. 2007. The Supermarket Revolution with Asian Characteristics. In Balisacan, A.M., Fuwa, N. (Eds.), Reasserting the Rural Development Agenda: Lessons Learned and Emerging Challenges in Asia, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, and Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P. 2007. Transformation of Markets for Agricultural Output in Developing Countries Since 1950: How Has Thinking Changed? Cchapter 55 in Evenson, R.E., Pingali, P. (Eds.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics, 3: Agricultural Development: Farmers, Farm Production and Farm Markets. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press: 2808-2855.
• Satriawan, E. and Swinton, S.M. 2007. Does human capital raise farm or non-farm earning more? New insight from rural Pakistan panel survey. Agricultural Economics 36(3):421-428.
• Staatz, J.M., Dembele, N.N. 2007. Agriculture for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Background paper for WDR 2008. Washington: World Bank.
• Subia, C., Peralta, E., Falconi, E., Mooney, D. and Swinton, S. 2007. El cultivo de frejol arbustivo en los valles de Chota y Mira: Sistemas de produccion y uso de plaguicidas. Publicacion miscelanea No. 138. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Quito, Ecuador.
• Tschirley, D. 2007. Local and regional food aid procurement: An assessment of experience in Africa and elements of good donor practice. International Development Working Paper 87. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University.
• Tschirley, D., del Castillo, A.M. 2007. Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement: an Assessment of Experience in Africa and Elements of Good Donor Practice. FSRP Zambia Working Paper No. 27. October.
• Tschirley, D., Kabwe, S. 2007. Cotton in Zambia: 2007 Assessment of its Organization, Performance, Current Policy Initiatives, and Challenges for the Future. FSRP Zambia Working Paper No. 26. September.
• Tschirley, D., Kabwe, S. 2007. Increasing Demand for Quality in World Cotton Markets: How has Zambia Performed? FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 25. November.
• Tschirley, D., Kabwe, S. 2007. Prices Paid to Cotton Farmers: How Does Zambia Compare to its African Neighbors? FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 27. November.
• Tschirley, D., Kabwe, S. 2007. Urgent Need for Effective Public-Private Coordination in Zambia's Cotton Sector: Deliberations on the Cotton Act. FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 21. April.
• Tschirley, D., Staatz, J., Donovan, C. 2007. Linking emergency response to need in "food emergencies." International Development Working Paper 92. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University.
• Zulu, B., Jayne, T., and Beaver, M. 2007. Smallholder Household Maize Production and Marketing Behavior in Zambia: Implications for Policy. Working Paper 22, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Zulu, B., Jayne, T.S., Beaver, M. 2007. Smallholder Household Maize Production and Marketing Behavior in Zambia: Implications for Policy. Policy Synthesis 20, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Dong, X., Wang, H., Rozelle, S., Huang, J., Reardon, T. 2007. Small traders and small farmers: the small engines driving China's giant boom in horticulture. In Global supply chains, standards and the poor: how the globalization of food systems and standards affects rural development and poverty. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 109-121.
• Donnet, M.L., Weatherspoon, D.D., Hoehn, J.P. 2007. What Adds Value in Specialty Coffee? Managerial Implications from Hedonic Price Analysis of Central and South American E-Auctions. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 10(3):1-18.
• Donovan, C. Massingue, J. Illness, death, and macronutrients: adequacy of rural Mozambican household production of macronutrients in the face of HIV/AIDS. 2007. Special issue: Linkages between agriculture and health in science, policy, and practice. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan 28(2 Supplement):S331-S338.
• Dorosh, P., Dradri, S., Haggblade, S. 2007. Alternative Approaches for Moderating Food Insecurity and Price Volatility in Zambia. FSRP Zambia Policy Synthesis Number 24. November.
• Haggblade, S. 2007. Strategies for Stimulating Equitable Growth in the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 17 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S. 2007. Alternative Perceptions of the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 2 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S. 2007. Commercial Dynamics in Zambia's Cassava Value Chain. Cassava Transformation in Southern Africa (CATISA) Startup Task 3. Report. Lusaka: Zambia.
• Haggblade, S. 2007. Returns to Investment in Agriculture. Policy Synthesis No. 19. Lusaka: Food Security Research Project.
• Balsevich, F., Berdegue, J.A., Flores, L., Jano, P., Reardon, T.A., Schuetz, P. 2007. Central America. In Regoverning markets: a place for small-scale producers in modern agrifood chains? Gower Publishing Company, Aldershot, UK, pp. 21-40.
• Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T. (Eds.). 2007. Making Markets Work for the Rural Poor. Special issue of Faith and Economics (Issue 50, October).
• Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T. 2007. Introduction to a Special Issue on Making Markets Work for the Rural Poor. Faith and Economics (Issue 50, October).
• Berdegue, J., Reardon, T., Balsevich, F., Flores, L., Hernandez, R. 2007. Supermarkets and small horticultural product farmers in Central America. In Global supply chains, standards and the poor: how the globalization of food systems and standards affects rural development and poverty. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 135-144.
• Burke, W., Jayne, T., Freeman, A., Kristjanson, P. 2007. Factors Associated with Farm Households' Movement Into and Out of Poverty in Kenya: The Rising Importance of Livestock. International Development Working Paper 90, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
• Byron, E., Chapoto, A., Drinkwater, M., Gillespie, S., Hamazakaza, P., Jayne, T., Kadiyala, S., McEwan, M., and Samuels, F. 2007. AIDS and Agriculture in Zambia. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28(2):S339-344.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T., Mason, N. 2007. Security of Widow's Access to Land in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia. Policy Synthesis 22, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T.S., Mason, N. 2007. Security of Widows' Access to Land in the Era of HIV/AIDS: Panel Survey Evidence From Zambia (Revised Version). Working Paper 25, Food Security Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia.
• Dries, L., Reardon, T., Kerckhove, E. van. 2007. The impact of retail investments in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and the Russian Federation. In Global supply chains, standards and the poor: how the globalization of food systems and standards affects rural development and poverty. CABI, Wallingford, UK, pp. 228-240.
• Erbaugh, J.M., Crawford, E., Adipala, E. 2007. Issues and challenges in collaborative degree training between USA and African universities: The HEPAD experience. RUFORUM Working Document No. 2: Programme and Extended Abstracts. Pps: 37-40. University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
• Haggblade, S., Hazell, P., Reardon, T. 2007. Research Perspectives and Prospectives on the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 16 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Magistro, J., et al. 2007. A Model for Pro-Poor Wealth Creation Through Small Plot Irrigation and Market Linkages Irrigation and Drainage 56:321-324.
• Haggblade, S., Mead, D., Meyer, R. 2007. An Overview of Programs for Promoting the Rural Nonfarm Economy. Chapter 12 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Haggblade, S., Reardon, T., Hyman, E. 2007. Subsector Supply Chains: Operational Diagnostics for a Complex Rural Economy. Chapter 15 in Haggblade, Hazell and Reardon (Eds.). Transforming the Rural Nonfarm Economy: Opportunities and Threats in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
Food Security III, Mozambique Productivity and Policy Analysis, Zambia Food Security Research, Kenya Policy Analysis, Mali Food Security Initiative, Maize Marketing and Trade in Southern Africa, PFID-Fruits and Vegetables, Bean-Cowpea CRSP, and related research and policy dialogue activities continued in Africa, Latin America and Asia. The FS III project entered its fifth year, with focus on agricultural productivity and input/output market development; market information system development; land distribution and poverty; and HIV/AIDS impacts. Funding was renewed for Kenya, Mozambique and Zambia, and new funding was received for Malawi. Work was completed by Bernsten on bean/cowpea production and marketing in Central and Latin America. Swinton's research focused on how Kenyan green bean farmers are affected by European supermarket standards that force safer but more costly pesticides, on the economic and environmental impacts of farmer field schools for conveying integrated pest management practices to Nicaraguan dry bean farmers, and on the implications of disease-resistant bean varieties for profitability and farmer applicator health in Ecuador. Research by Reardon and others studied agribusiness and food industry trends and grades and standards and their implications for small farmers, focusing especially on growth of supermarkets in developing country food systems and improvements needed to obtain greater smallholder participation. Oehmke's research focused on biotechnology and trade.

Impacts
Research results are used extensively by collaborating governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to more effectively utilize external inputs in economical and environmentally sustainable ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting small farmer agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth.

Publications

• Reardon, T., Flores, L. 2006. Viewpoint: 'customized competitiveness' strategies for horticultural exporters--Central America focus with lessons from and for other regions. Food Policy 31(6):483-503.
• Reardon, T., Pingali, P., Stamoulis, K. 2006. Impacts of Agrifood Market Transformation during Globalization on the Poor's Rural Nonfarm Employment: Lessons for Rural Business Development Programs. Staff Paper 2006-25. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Schmid, A.A., Nizalov, D., Gopalakrishnan, S. 2006. Self-Initiative and Michigan Poverty. Staff Paper 2006-23. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Tothova, M., Oehmke, J.F. 2006. Biotechnology and the emergence of club behaviour in agricultural trade. International-trade-and-policies-for-genetically-modified-products 22-33.
• Tschirley, D., Abdula, D., Weber, M.T. 2006. Toward Improved Maize Marketing and Trade Policies to Promote Household Food Security in Central and Southern Mozambique. MZ-MINAG-RR-60E.
• Tschirley, D., del Castillo, A.M. 2006. Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement: an Assessment of Experience in Africa and Elements of Good Donor Practice. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, Policy Synthesis 79, November.
• Tschirley, D., Nijhoff, J.J., Arlindo, P., Mwinga, B., Weber, M.T., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Anticipating and Responding to Drought Emergencies in Southern Africa: Lessons from the 2002-2003 Experience. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, IDWP 89.
• Tschirley, D., Poulton, C., Boughton, D. 2006. The Many Paths of Cotton Sector Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lessons from a Decade of Experience. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, IDWP 88.
• Tschirley, D., Poulton, C., Boughton, D. 2006. The Many Paths of Cotton Sector Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lessons from a Decade of Experience. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, Policy Synthesis 80, November.
• Tschirley, D., Poulton, C., Boughton, D. 2006. The Many Paths of Cotton Sector Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa: Lessons From a Decade of Experience. ZM-FSRP-WP-18 Reprint.
• Uaiene, R.N. 2006. Introduction of New Agricultural Technologies and Marketing Strategies in Central Mozambique. MZ-IIAM-RR-2E.
• Walker, T., Pitoro, R., Tomo, A., Sitoe, I., Salencia, C., Mahanzule, R., Donovan, C., Mazuze, F. 2006. Priority Setting for Public-Sector Agricultural Research in Mozambique with the National Agricultural Survey Data. MZ-IIAM-RR-3E.
• Wang, H., Xiang, Q., Reardon, T. 2006. Market Power and Supply Shocks: Evidence from the Orange Juice Market. Staff Paper 2006-02. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Ariga, J., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Can the Market Deliver? Lessons from Kenya's Rising Use of Fertilizer Following Liberalization. KE-TEGEMEO-PB-07.
• Ariga, J., Jayne, T.S., Nyoro, J. 2006. Factors Driving the Growth in Fertilizer Consumption in Kenya, 1990-2005: Sustaining the Momentum in Kenya and Lessons for Broader Replicability in Sub-Saharan Africa. KE-TEGEMEO-WP-24.
• Balsevich, F., Berdegue, J., Reardon, T. 2006. Supermarkets, New-Generation Wholesalers, Tomato Farmers, and NGOs in Nicaragua. Staff Paper 2006-03. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Byerlee, D., Jayne, T.S., Myers, R. (Eds.) 2006. Managing Food Price Instability in the Era of Market Liberalization. Special Issue of Food Policy 31(4).
• Byerlee, D., Jayne, T.S., Myers, R. 2006. Managing food price risks and instability in a liberalizing market environment: Overview and policy options. Food Policy 31(4):275-287.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Socioeconomic Characteristics of Individuals Afflicted by AIDS-Related Prime-Age Mortality in Zambia. In Gillespie, S. (ed.), AIDS, Poverty, and Hunger: Challenges and Responses. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Trends in Breakfast Meal and Maize Marketing Margins in Zambia. ZM-FSRP-PB-14.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T.S., Mason, N. 2006. Security Of Widows' Access To Land In The Era Of HIV/AIDS: Panel Survey Evidence From Zambia. ZM-FSRP-WP-19.
• Crawford, E., Jayne, T.S., Kelly, V.A. 2006. Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 22. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
• Diallo, M., Deme, K., Dembele, N.N., Traore, A. 2006. Commercialisation des Cereales et Securite Alimentaire au Mali. Ml-Promisam-WP.
• Diarra, S., Dembele, N.N. 2006. Perspectives d'evolution des marches cerealiers pour la campagne de commercialisation 2005/2006. Ml-Promisam-TN-PER.
• Donovan, C., Bailey, L. 2006. Understanding Rwandan Agricultural Households' Strategies to Deal with Prime-age Illness and Death: A Propensity Score Matching Approach. In Gillespie, S. (ed.), AIDS, Poverty, and Hunger: Challenges and Responses. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI.
• Donovan, C., McGlinchy, M., Staatz, J., Tschirley. D. 2006. Emergency Needs Assessments and the Impact of Food Aid on Local Markets. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, IDWP 87.
• Echanove, F., Reardon, T. Wholesale Markets, Horticulture Products, and Supermarkets in Mexico. 2006. Staff Paper 2006-17. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Fynn, J., Haggblade, S. 2006. Potential Impact of the Kwacha Appreciation and Proposed Tax Provisions of the 2006 Budget Act on Zambian Agriculture. ZM-FSRP-WP-16.
• Fynn, J., Haggblade, S. 2006. Potential Impact of the Kwacha Appreciation on Zambia Agriculture. ZM-FSRP-PB-13.
• Gebremedhin, B. and Swinton, S. 2006. Determinants of farmer perceptions of the severity and yield impact of soil erosion in northern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Economics 6(1):1-15.
• Haggblade, S. 2006. Maize Price Projections for Zambia's 2006/07 Marketing Season. ZM-FSRP-PB-15.
• Hernandez, R., Reardon, T., Berdegue, J. 2006. Tomato Farmer Participation in Supermarket Market Channels in Guatemala: Determinants and Technology and Income Effects. Staff Paper 2006-04. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Hichaambwa, M., Tschirley, D. 2006. Understanding Zambia's Domestic Value Chains for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. ZM-FSRP-PB-17.
• Hichaambwa, M., Tschirley, D. 2006. Zambia Horticultural Rapid Appraisal: Understanding the Domestic Value Chains of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. ZM-FSRP-WP-17.
• Hu, D., Fuller, F.H., Reardon, T. 2006. Impacts of the Rapid Development of Supermarkets on China's Diary Industry. Department of Economics, Staff General Research Papers, Working Paper. Iowa State University.
• Jayne, T.S., Chapoto, A. 2006. Emerging Structural Maize Deficits in Eastern and Southern Africa: Implications for National Agricultural Strategies. ZM-FSRP-PB-16.
• Jayne, T.S., Chapoto, A., Byron, E., Ndiyoi, M., Hamazakaza, P., Kadiyala, S., Gillespie, S. 2006. Community-Level Impacts of AIDS-Related Mortality. Panel Survey Evidence from Zambia. Review of Agricultural Economics 28 (3):440-457.
• Jayne, T.S., Mather, D., Mghenyi, E. 2006. Smallholder Farming Under Increasingly Difficult Circumstances: Policy and Public Investment Priorities for Africa. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, IDWP 86.
• Jayne, T.S., Mather, D., Mghenyi, E. 2006. Smallholder Farming Under Increasingly Difficult Circumstances: Policy and Public Investment Priorities for Africa. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, Policy Synthesis 81, December.
• Jayne, T.S., Villarreal, M., Pingali, P., Hemrich, G.. 2006. HIV/AIDS and the Agricultural Sector in Eastern and Southern Africa: Anticipating the Consequences. In Gillespie, S. (ed.), AIDS, Poverty, and Hunger: Challenges and Responses. Washington, D.C.: IFPRI.
• Jayne, T.S., Zulu, B., Nijhoff, J.J. 2006. Stabilizing Food Markets in Eastern and Southern Africa. Food Policy 31 (4):328-341.
• Kelly, V. 2006. Farmers' Demand for Fertilizer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture and Rural Development Discussion Paper 23. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
• Mathenge, M., Tschirley, D. 2006. Seasonal Analysis of Selected Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Prices at Wholesale Level in Key Urban Markets of Kenya. KE-TEGEMEO-WP-22.
• McSween, S., Walker, T., Salegua, V., Pitoro, R. 2006. Economic Impact on Food Security of Varietal Tolerance to Cassava Brown Streak Disease in Coastal Mozambique. MZ-IIAM-RR-1E.
• Muyanga, M., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Agricultural Extension in Kenya: Practice and Policy Lessons. KE-TEGEMEO-WP-26.
• Berdegue, J.A., Reardon, T., Balsevich, F., Martinez, A., Medina, R., Aguirre, M. Supermarkets and Michoacan Guava Farmers in Mexico. Staff Paper 2006-16. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Ndibongo Traub, L., Jayne, T.S. 2006. Opportunities to Improve Household Food Security Through Promoting Informal Maize Marketing Channels: Experience from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, IDWP 85.
• Neven, D., Katjiuongua, H., Adjosoediro, I., Reardon, T., Chuzu, P., Tembo, G., Ndiyoi, M. 2006. Food Sector Transformation and Standards in Zambia: Smallholder Farmer Participation and Growth in the Dairy Sector. Staff Paper 2006-18. Dept. of Agric. Economics, Michigan State University.
• Neven, D., Odera, M., Reardon, T. 2006. Horticulture farmers and domestic supermarkets in Kenya. 2006. Staff Paper 2006-06. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University.
• Neven, D., Reardon, T., Chege, J., Wang, H.L. 2006. Supermarkets and consumers in Africa: the case of Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing 18(1/2):103-123.
• Okello, J.J. and Swinton, S.M. 2006. Do international food safety standards marginalize poor farmers? Evidence from Kenyan green bean family farms. Research update. Journal of Food Distribution Research 37(1):187.

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
Food Security III, Mozambique Productivity and Policy Analysis, Kenya Policy Analysis, Mali Food Security Initiative, Maize Marketing and Trade in Southern Africa, PFID, Bean and Cowpeas and related research and policy dialogue activities continued in Africa, Latin America and Asia. The FS III project entered its 4th year, with focus on agricultural productivity and input/output market development; market information system development, land distribution, poverty and HIV/AIDS impacts; and food security/natural resource management interactions. Associate awards were obtained for Mali and West Africa. Other grant-funded research continued in Kenya. Likewise work continued on economic and policy issues associated with agricultural research. Work was completed on bean/cowpea production and marketing, on environmental impacts of high altitude farming in Latin America; and on agribusiness and food industry trends and grades and standards, and their implications for small farmers. Work continued on the growth of supermarket participation in developing country food systems, and on improvements needed to obtain greater smallholder participation in supplying changing consumer and marketing firm market specifications.

Impacts
Research results are used extensively by collaborating governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to more effectively utilize external inputs in economical and environmentally sustainable ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting small farmer agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth.

Publications

• Barrett, C.B., Bezuneh, M., Clay, D.C., Reardon, T. 2005. Heterogeneous Constraints, Incentives, and Income Diversification Strategies in Rural Africa, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 44 (1): 37-60.
• Berdegue, J.A., Balsevich, F., Flores, L., Reardon, T. 2005. Central American supermarkets' private standards of quality and safety in procurement of fresh fruits and vegetables. Food Policy 30(3) June: 254-269.
• Bernsten, R.H. 2005. Book review of The World Food Problem: Tackling the Causes of Under-nutrition in the Third World (3rd ed.) by Leathers, H., Foster, P. In: Agricultural Economics 33:533.
• Brennan, M., Pray, C., Naseem, A., Oehmke, J.F. 2005. An innovation market approach to analyzing impacts of mergers and acquisitions in the plant biotechnology industry. Agbioforum 8(2-3):89-99.
• Chapoto, A., Jayne, T.S. 2005. Characteristics of Individuals Afflicted by AIDS-related Mortality in Rural Zambia. Working Paper 14, Food Security Research Project - Zambia, Lusaka.
• Crawford, E. W., Jayne, T.S., Kelly, V.A. 2005. Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa, with Particular Reference to the Role of Fertilizer Subsidies. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, August 15.
• Crawford, E.W., Jayne, T.S., Kelly, V.A. 2005. Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa, with Emphasis on the Role of Subsidies. Policy Synthesis No. 76, Dept. of Agric. Econ.
• Deme, S.K., Dembele, N.N., Staatz, J., Traore, A. 2005. Note sur la problematique de l approvisionnement des cereales au Mali. PROMISAM Document de travail no. 05-01, Bamako, May.
• Deme, S.K., Traore, A.,Dembele, N.N., Staatz, J., Diallo, G.M. 2005. Comprendre la securite alimentaire: Un cadre conceptuel pour la programmation. Training materials for local communities on using the concept of food security to plan local development projects; 3 modules. Bamako: Presidence de la Republique, Commissariat a la Securite Alimentaire (CSA); Michigan State University (MSU), and World Vision.
• Dries, L., Reardon, T. 2005. Central and Eastern Europe: Impact of Food Retail Investments on the Food Chain, London: FAO Investment Center - EBRD Cooperation Program, Report Series no. 6, February.
• Farina, E.M.M.Q., Gutman, G.E., Lavarello, P.J., Nunes, R., Reardon, T. 2005. Private and public milk standards in Argentina and Brazil, Food Policy, Vol 30 Issue 3, June: 302-315.
• Francis, J., Oehmke, J.F., Weatherspoon, D.D. 2005. European Agricultural Biotechnology Preferences and Policy: Growth and Trade Implications. Rev. of International Econ. 13(4):709-24.
• Gonzalez-Ramirez, H., Bernsten, R.H., Oehmke, J.M., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A. 2005. Adoption of Improved Bean Varieties in Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas, Mexico. Agricultura Technica Mexico. INIFAP, Mexico, D.F.
• Gonzalez-Ramirez, H., Bernsten, R.H. 2005. Adoption of Improved Bean Varieties in the Semiarid Highlands of Mexico. Economic. BIC (Bean Improvement Cooperative), Vol. 48, pp. 60-61 (March).
• Henson, S., Reardon, T. (eds.). 2005. Special Issue on Private Agrifood Standards in Developing Countries, Food Policy 30.
• Henson, S., Reardon, T. 2005. Private agri-food standards: Implications for food policy and the agri-food system, Food Policy, Vol 30 Issue 3, June: 241-253.
• Jayne, T.S., Villarreal, M., Pingali, P., Hemrich, G. 2005. HIV/AIDS and the Agricultural Sector: Implications for Policy in Eastern and Southern Africa. Electronic Journal of Agricultural Development Economics, Vol. 2 (1).
• Kelly, V.A. 2005. Farmers' Demand for Fertilizer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Valerie Kelly. August 19, 2005. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, August 19.
• Kelly, V., Carpenter, J., Diall, O., Easterling, T., Kone, M., McCornick, P., McGahuey, M. 2005. Options for Economic Growth in Mali through the Application of Science and Technology to Agriculture. Report prepared for the USAID IEHA, April.
• Kelly, V.A. 2005. Fertilizer Demand in Sub-Saharan Africa: Realizing the Potential. Policy Synthesis No. 77, Dept. of Agric. Econ.
• Labarta, R., Swinton, S.M. 2005. Extension of Integrated Pest Management methods for Nicaraguan bean producers: Effects on adoption, profitability, farmer health and beneficial insects. Presented poster. Bean-Cowpea Collaborative Research Support Project (Bean-Cowpea CRSP) all researchers meeting, Dakar, Senegal, September 11-16, 2005.
• Mainville, D.Y., Zylbersztajn, D., Farina, E.M.M.Q., Reardon, T. 2005. Determinants of retailers' decisions to use public or private grades and standards: Evidence from the fresh produce market of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Vol 30 Issue 3, June: 334-353.
• Martinez, L., Bernsten, R.H. 2005. An Assessment of the Common Bean Subsector in Central America. Economic. BIC (Bean Improvement Cooperative), Vol. 48, pp. 62-63 (March).
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T., Weber, M. 2005. Using Empirical Information in the Era of HIV/AIDS to Inform Mitigation and Rural Development Strategies: Selected Results from African Country Studies. Policy Synthesis No. 75, Dept. of Agric. Econ., July.
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T.S., Weber, M. 2005. Using Empirical Information in the Era of HIV/AIDS to Inform Mitigation and Rural Development Strategies: Selected Results from African Country Studies. Amer. J. of Agric. Econ. 87(5):1289-1297.
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T., Weber, M. 2005. Using Empirical Information in the Era of HIV/AIDS to Inform Mitigation and Rural Development Strategies: Selected Results from African Country Studies. IDWP No. 84, Dept. of Agric. Econ.
• Muyanga, M., Jayne, T.S., Argwings-Kodhek, G., Ariga, J. 2005. Staple Food Consumption Patterns in Urban Kenya: Trends and Policy Implications. Working Paper 12, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Mwiinga, B., Shawa, J., Jayne, T., Shaffer, J. 2005. Levies on Agricultural Products: Who Benefits. Working Paper 12, Food Security Research Project, Zambia, Lusaka.
• Naseem, A., Oehmke, J.F., Schimmelpfennig, D.E. 2005. Does plant variety intellectual property protection improve farm productivity? Evidence from cotton varieties. Agbioforum 8(2-3):100-107.
• Neven, D., Reardon, T., Chege, J., Odera, M.M., Weatherspoon, D., Onideki-Mwaura, F. 2005. The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Kenya: Impaction the Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Supply System, Final Research Report. Joint Publication of Partnerships for Food Industry Development - Fruits and Vegetables, Michigan State University, and Muguga South Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute.
• Oehmke, J., Wolf, C.A., Raper, K.C. 2005. On Cyclical Industry Evolution in Agricultural Biotechnology R&D. J. of Agricultural and Food Industrial Org. 3(2):1-25.
• Okello, J. J., Swinton, S.M. 2005. Do International Food Safety Standards Marginalize Poor Farmers? Evidence from Kenyan Green Bean Family Farms. Research update. Food Distribution Research Society, Washington, DC, October 16-18, 2005.
• Pray, C., Oehmke, J.F., Naseem, A. 2005. Innovation and dynamic efficiency in plant biotechnology: an introduction to the researchable issues. Agbioforum 8(2-3):52-63.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P., Berdegue, J.A. 2005. Supermarket Expansion in Latin America and Asia: Implications for Food Marketing Systems, in A. Regmi and M. Gehlar (eds), New Directions in Global Food Markets, USDA/ERS Agriculture Information Bulletin No. (AIB794), February.
• Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A., Timmer, C. P. 2005. Supermarketization of the Emerging Markets of the Pacific Rim: Development and Trade Implications, Journal of Food Distribution Research, 36 (1), March: 3-12.
• Reardon, T. 2005. The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets and the Use of Private Standards in their Food Product Procurement Systems in Developing Countries, chapter in Ruben, R., M. Slingerland, and N. Nijhoff, Agro-food Chains and Networks for Development, Frontis - Wageningen International Nucleus for Strategic Expertise, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• Reardon, T. 2005. How the Rise of Supermarkets Poses New Challenges for Christian Rural Development Organizations, chapter 8 in Dean, Judith M., Julie Schaffner and Stephen L.S. Smith (eds.), Attacking Poverty in the Developing World: Christian Practitioners and Academics in Collaboration, World Vision and Authentic Media.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P. 2005. The Supermarket Revolution with Asian Characteristics, Presentation at the International Conference, Agricultural and Rural Development in Asia: Ideas, Paradigms, and Policies Three Decades After, SEARCA, 10-11 November 2005, Mandarin Oriental Hotel, Makati City, Philippines.
• Reardon, T., Huang, J. 2005. Methods for Assessing Determinants, Costs, and Benefits of Small Farmer Inclusion in Restructured Agrifood Chains. Resource Paper for Component 1, Regoverning Markets Program. October.
• Tothova, M., Oehmke, J.F. 2005. Whom to join? The small country dilemma in adopting GM crops in a fragmented trade environment. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 44(3): 291-310.
• Tschirley, D., Arlindo, P., Nijhoff, J.J., Mwinga, B., Weber, M.T., Jayne, T.S. 2005. Learning from the 2002/03 Food Crisis in Southern Africa: Lessons for the Current Year. Flash 46E, Policy Analysis Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Economics, October.
• Tschirley, D., Abdula, D., Weber, M.T. 2005. Improving Production and Marketing to Enhance Food Security in Mozambique. Flash No. 45E, Policy Analysis Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Economics.
• Weber, M.T. 2005. Food Security and Food Policy Information Portal for Africa Partners, Countries, Topics & Professional Skills. Dept. of Agric. Econ.
• Weber, M.T., Donovan, C., Staatz, J.M., Dembele, N.N. 2005. Guidelines for Building Sustainable Market Information Systems in Africa with Strong Public-Private Partnerships. Policy Synthesis No. 78, Dept. of Agric. Econ., November.
• Weber, M.T, Donovan, C., Staatz, J.M., Dembele, N.N. 2005. Guidelines for Building Sustainable Country-Level Market Information Systems in Africa with Strong Public-Private Partnerships. PowerPoint Presentation, Dept. of Agric. Econ.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2005. Working Age Adult Mortality and Primary School Attendance in Rural Kenya. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 53(3):619-653.

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
Food Security III, Mozambique Policy Analysis, Kenya Policy Analysis, PFID, Bean and Cowpeas and related research and policy dialogue activites continued in Africa, Latin America and Asia. The FS III project entered its 3nd year, with focus on agricultural productivity and input/output market development; land distribution, poverty and HIV/AIDS impacts; and food security/natural resource management interactions. Associate awards were obtained for Mali and Mozambique. Other grant-funded research continued in Kenya. Likewise work continued on economic and policy issues associated with agricultural research. Work was completed on bean/cowpea production and marketing, on environmental impacts of high altitude farming in Latin America; and on agribusiness and food industry trends and grades and standards, and their implications for small farmers. Work continued on the growth of supermarket participation in developing country food systems, and on improvements needed to obtain greater smallholder participation in supplying changing consumer and marketing firm market specifications.

Impacts
Research results are used extensively by collaborating governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to more effectively utilize external inputs in economical and environmentally sustainable ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting small farmer agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth.

Publications

• Donovan, C., Mather, David. 2004. Collection and Analysis of Cross-Sectional Household Survey Data on Rural Morbidity and Mortality: Lessons Learned from Initial Surveys. Staff Paper 04-07, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, May.
• Dries, L, Reardon, T., Van Kerckhove, E. 2004. The Economic and Transitional Impact of Food Retail Investments: Case-study of the Czech Republic and the Russian Federation, Report to EBRD/FAO, September.
• Tschirley, D., Muendo, K.M., Weber, M.T. 2004. Improving Kenya's Domestic Horticultural Production and Marketing System: Current Competitiveness, Forces of Change, and Challenges for the Future. Volume III: Horticultural Research and Input Sector Regulation in Kenya and Tanzania.. Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, Working Paper 8B.
• Tschirley, D., Nijhoff, J.J., Arlindo, P., Mwinga, B., Weber, M.T., Jayne, T.S. 2004. Anticipating and Responding to Drought Emergencies in Southern Africa: Lessons from the 2002-2003 Experience. Paper for the NEPAD Regional Conference on Successes in African Agriculture, 22-25 November , in Nairobi, Kenya.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2004. Measuring the Impacts of Working Age Adult Mortality on Rural Households in Kenya. World Development, Vol. 32(1): 91-119.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2004. Working-Age Adult Mortality and Primary School Attendance in Rural Kenya. Discussion Paper Series on International Development Strategies, No. 2003-006, Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Tokyo, Japan.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2004. HIV/AIDS and Schooling: A case study from Kenya. in Otsuka, K., Kurosaki, T. (eds). Education and Economic Development (Kyouiku To Keizai Hatten), Tokyo Toyokeizai.
• Zamora, M., Bernsten, R. 2004. Evaluacion de la Demanda de Frijol Proveniente de El Salvador, Guatemala, y Nicaragua en Comunidades Ethnic de EEUU. Paper presented at the PCCMCA Meeting, April 19-23, San Salvador, El Salvador.
• Zamora, M., Bernsten, R. 2004. Evaluacion de la Demanda de Frijol Proveniente de El Salvador, Guatemala, y Nicaragua en Comunidades Ethnic de EEUU. Agronomia Meso-america, 15(2), 131-143pp./
• Balsevich, F., Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A. 2004. Acceso de pequenos productores de tomate a los supermercados en Nicaragua. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. December.
• Dione, J., Kagwanja, J., Weber, M.T., Staatz, J., Kelly, V. 2004. Building a Food Security and Policy Information Portal for Africa (FSIP). Selected Paper, Association of African Agricultural Economists (AAAE) Inaugural Symposium, Dec 6-9, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Dione, J., Weber, M.T., Staatz, J., Kelly, Valeria. 2004. Applying Information and Communication Technology to Enhance African Capacity in Agriculture and Food Policy Research, Outreach and Teaching: A Collaborative Internet-Based Initiative to Build a Food Security and Policy Information Portal for Africa (FSIP). Invited paper, Annual CTA-Seminar on Role of Information Tools in Food and Nutrition Security in ACP-Countries, Maputo, Mozambique, 8-12 November.
• Dries, L., Reardon, T., Swinnen, J. 2004. The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Central and Eastern Europe: Implications for the Agrifood Sector and Rural Development. Development Policy Review, vol. 22, no. 5, September: 525-56.
• Gale, F., Reardon, T. 2004. China's Modernizing Supermarket Sector Presents Major Opportunities for U.S. Agricultural Exporters. AgExporter, published by USDA, November.
• Hernandez, R., Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A., Balsevich, F., Jano, P. 2004. Acceso de pequenos productores de tomate a los supermercados en Guatemala. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. December.
• Hu, D., Fuller, F., Reardon, T. 2004. The Impact of the Rapid Development of Supermarkets on the Dairy Industry of China. Chinese Rural Economy, 7 (235): 12-18.
• Hu, D., Reardon, T., Rozelle, S., Timmer, P., Wang, H. 2004. The Emergence of Supermarkets with Chinese Characteristics: Challenges and Opportunities for China's Agricultural Development. Development Policy Review, vol. 22, no. 4, Sept.: 557-86.
• Jano, P., Lundy, M., Reardon, T. 2004. Estudio de Caso de la Asociacion de Usuarios de Miniriego de Palencia (ASUMPAL), Guatemala. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. September.
• Jano, P., Lundy, M., Reardon, T. 2004. Estudio de Caso de la Cooperativa Matadero Nacional de Montecillos- COOPEMONTECILLOS R.L., Costa Rica. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. September.
• Jano, P., Balsevich, F., Lundy, M., Reardon, T. 2004. Estudio de Caso de la Cooperativa de Produccion y Comercializacion (COOPROCOM R.L.), Nicaragua. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. September.
• Jayne, T.S., Villarreal, M., Pingali, P., Hemrich, G. 2004. Interactions Between the Agricultural Sector and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Implications for Agricultural Policy. ESA Paper 04-06. Agriculture and Development Economics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Jointly published as MSU International Development Paper 25, Department of Agricultural Economics, East Lansing.
• Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Nyoro, J. 2004. Interlinked Credit and Farm Intensification Evidence from Kenya. Agricultural Economics 29(6): 578-594.
• Kelly, V., Tefft, J, Oehmke, J., Staatz, J. 2004. Identifying Policy Relevant Variables for Reducing Childhood Malnutrition in Rural Mali. Department of Agricultural Economics, MSU Staff Paper #04-28.
• Kelly, V., Tefft, J., Oehmke, J., Staatz, J. 2004. Identifying Policy Relevant Variables for Reducing Childhood Malnutrition in Rural Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper no. 04-28 (December).
• Kirimi, L., Swinton, S.M. 2004. Estimating Cost Efficiency among Maize Producers in Kenya and Uganda. Selected Paper, American Agricultural Economics Association annual meeting, Denver, CO, August 1-4. Available online at http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=14294&ftype=.pd f.
• Martinez, L., Bernsten, R., Zamora, M. 2004. Estrategias de Mercado Para el Frijol Centroamericano. Agronomia Mesoamerica, 15(2).
• Martinez, L., Bernsten, R., Zamora, M. 2004. Estrategias de Mercado Para el Frijol Centroamericano. Paper presented at the PCCMCA Meeting, April 19-23, San Salvador, El Salvador.
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T., Weber, M., Mazhangara, E., Bailey, L., Yoo, K., Yamano, T., Mghenyi, E. 2004. A Cross-Country Analysis of Household Responses to Adult Mortality in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS Mitigation Efforts and Rural Economic Development Policies. MSU International Development Working Paper No. 82, Draft for Review. Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Ndjeunga, J., Kelly, V., Sylla, M.L., Traore, B., Tessougue, M. 2004. Facteurs determinant l utilisation des technologies de gestion de resources naturelles dans la zone OHVN au Mali. Paper presented at the SANREM workshop on Innovations institutionnelles et developpements technologiques pour une gestion decentralisee et durable des ressources naturelles. Palais de Congres, Bamako 24-26 fevrier.
• Neven, D., Reardon, T. 2004. The Rise of Kenyan Supermarkets and Evolution of their Horticulture Product Procurement Systems. Development Policy Review, 22(6) November: 669-699.
• Oehmke, J.F., Crawford, E.W. 2004. Analysis of Projects with Price Effects, and Application to Innovation and Technical Change. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics Staff Paper No. 04-02, February.
• Reardon, T., Swinnen, J. (eds.). 2004. Policy Symposium (Special section set of articles) on Supermarkets and Development in Former State-Controlled Economies. Development Policy Review, 22(5), September.
• Reardon, T. 2004. Supermarkets and Agricultural Development in Mexico, Report for USAID/Mexico, April.
• Martinez, L., Bernsten, R. 2004. Applying Business Techniques to Analyze Market Opportunities for Staple Foods: The Strategic Positioning of the Dry Bean Subsector in Central America. Paper presented at the 14th Annual World Food and Agribusiness Symposium and Case Study Conference on Sustainable Value Criteria in the Food Chain. June 12-15, Montreux, Switzerland.
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T.S., Weber, M., Mazhangara, E., Bailey, L., Koo, K., Yamano, T., Mghenyi, E. 2004. A Cross-Country Analysis of Household Response to Adult Mortality in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS Mitigation and Rural Development Policies. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 71. June.
• Mather, D., Marrule, H., Donovan, C., Weber, M., Alage, A. 2004. Analise da Mortalidade de Adultos Nos Agregados Familiares Rurais em Mozambique e Implicacoes para Politicas. Ministry of Agriculture of Mozambique. Flash volume 40P - July.
• Mather, D., Marrule, H., Donovan, C., Weber, M., Alage, A. 2004. Analysis of Adult Mortality in Rural Households in Mozambique and Implications for Policy. Research Report No. 58E, June 2004. Directorate of Economics, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development, Government of Mozambique.
• Mather, D., Donovan, C., Jayne, T., Weber, M., Mazhangara, E., Bailey, L., Yoo, K., Yamano, T., Mghenyi, E. 2004. A Cross-Country Analysis of Household Responses to Adult Mortality in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS Mitigation and Rural Development Policies. International Development Working Paper 82, Department of Agricultural Economics, East Lansing.
• Reardon, T. 2004. Supermarkets and Agricultural Development in Indonesia: Initial Impressions. Report for RAISE/FPSA, to USAID, March.
• Reardon, T., Swinnen, J.F.M. 2004. Agrifood Sector Liberalization and the Rise of Supermarkets in Former State-Controlled Economies: A Comparative Overview. Development Policy Review, vol. 22, no. 5, September: 515-23.
• Reardon, T., Berdegue, J.A., Lundy, M., Schutz, P., Balsevich, F., Hernandez, R., Perez, E., Jano, P., Wang, H. 2004. Supermarkets and Rural Livelihoods: A Research Method. Report to USAID, DFID, and the Common Fund for Commodities, under the project RAISE/SPS, Regoverning Markets, and PFID. September.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P., Berdegue, J. 2004. The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Induced Organizational, Institutional, and Technological Change in Agrifood Systems. Electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics - e-JADE, published by FAO), October, volume 1, number 2, http://www.fao.org/es/ESA/ejade/vol_1/vol_1_2.htm.
• Schrecongost, A., Staatz, J., Diallo, B., Yade, M. 2004. Water Pricing as a Tool for Integrated Water Resource Management: A Synthesis of Key Issues for Rural West Africa. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 73. East Lansing. June.
• Smeltekop, H., Reyes, B., Rosas, J.C., Bernsten, R. 2004. Constraints to Higher Yields in Honduras. Presentation at the PCCMCA Meeting, April 19-23, San Salvador, El Salvador.
• Swinton, S.M. 2004. Too poor to be stewards? Rural poverty and sustainable natural resource management. Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 04-06. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Tefft, J., Kelly, V. 2004. Understanding and Reducing Child Malnutrition in Mali: Interim Research Findings for the Project on Linkages between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth (LICNAG). Agricultural Economics Staff Paper No. 04-27. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Traore, B., Tessougue, M., Sylla, M.L., Kelly, V. 2004. Mise en oeuvre d une approche participative pour mesurer l impact de l adoption des techniques de GRN a l Office de la Haute Vallee du Niger . Paper presented at the SANREM workshop on Innovations institutionnelles et developpements technologiques pour une gestion decentralisee et durable des ressources naturelles. Palais de Congres, Bamako 24-26 fevrier.
• Traub, N. L., Jayne, T. 2004. Effects of Market Reform on Maize Marketing Margins in South Africa. MSU International Development Working Paper 83, Department of Agricultural Economics, East Lansing.
• Tschirley, D., Ayieko, M., Mathenge, M., Weber, M.T. 2004. Where Do Consumers in Nairobi Purchase Their Food and Why Does this Matter? The Need for Investment to Improve Kenya's Traditional Food Marketing System. Tegemeo Institute Of Agricultural Policy and Development, Policy Brief No.2, Egerton University.
• Tschirley, D., Muendo, K.M., Weber, M.T. 2004. Improving Kenya's Domestic Horticultural Production and Marketing System: Current Competitiveness, Forces of Change, and Challenges for the Future. Volume II: Horticultural Marketing. Tegemeo Institute Of Agricultural Policy and Development, Working Paper 8B, Egerton University.
• Tschirley, D., Muendo, K.M., Weber, M.T. 2004. Improving Kenya's Domestic Horticultural Production and Marketing System: Current Competitiveness, Forces of Change, and Challenges for the Future. Volume I: Horticultural Production. Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development, Egerton University, Working Paper 8A.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Food Security III, Mozambique Policy Analysis, Kenya Policy Analysis, PFID, Bean and Cowpeas and related research and policy dialogue activites continued in Africa, Latin America and Asia. The FS III project entered its 2nd year, with focus on agricultural productivity and input/output market development; land distribution, poverty and HIV/AIDS impacts; and food security/natural resource management interactions. Associate awards were obtained for Zambia and selected work in Mali. Other grant-funded research continued in Mozambique and Kenya. Likewise work continued on economic and policy issues associated with agricultural research. Work was completed on bean/cowpea production and marketing, on environmental impacts of high altitude farming in Latin America; and on agribusiness and food industry trends and grades and standards, and their implications for small farmers. Considerable work was also completed on the growth of supermarket participation in developing country food systems, and on improvements needed to obtain greater smallholder participation in supplying changing consumer and marketing firm market specifications

Impacts
Research results are used extensively by collaborating governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to more effectively utilize external inputs in economical and environmentally sustainable ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting small farmer agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth.

Publications

• Tefft, J., Keita, D., Wise, V., Kelly, V., Staatz, J. 2003. Les communes rurales du Mali : un catalyseur potentiel pour ameliorer la nutrition infantile? MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 63F, 8pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number63f.pdf.
• Tschirley, D., Mathenge, M. 2003. Developing Income Proxy Models for Use by Title II-funded NGOs in Kenya: A Technical Report for NGOs and USAID/Kenya. Tegemeo Institute for Agricultural Policy and Development/Egerton University Working Paper No. 6. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/kenya/wp6.pdf.
• Tschirley, D., Mathenge, M. 2003. Developing Income Proxy Models for use by the USAID Mission in Kenya: A Technical Report. Tegemeo Institute for Agricultural Policy and Development/Egerton University Working Paper No. 7. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/kenya/wp7.pdf.
• Tschirley, D., Zulu, B. 2003. Zambian Cotton in a Regional Context: Performance Under Liberalization and Future Challenges. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Zambia Food Security Project Policy Synthesis No. 7. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/polsyn7zambia.pdf.
• Weatherspoon, D., Reardon, T. 2003. Supermarkets in Sub-Saharan Africa: challenges and opportunities for agrifood suppliers. Africa Regional Overview, Q2/2003: Lead article. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit: 1-6.
• Weatherspoon, D.D., Reardon, T. 2003. The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa: implications for agrifood systems and the rural poor. Development Policy Review, May, 21(3):333-355.
• Wise, V., Ouattara, F., Tefft, J., Kelly, V., Staatz, J. 2003. Amelioration des resultats nutritionnels grace aux initiatives de sante communautaires. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 62F, 8pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number62f.pdf.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2003. HIV/AIDS and Schooling: A case study from Kenya, in K. Otsuka and T. Kurosaki (eds). Education and Economic Development (Kyouiku To Keizai Hatten), Tokyo Toyokeizai.
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2003. Measuring the Impacts of Working Age Adult Mortality on Rural Households in Kenya. Tegemeo Working Paper 5, Egerton University/Tegemeo Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/kenya/kenyapb02.pdf.
• Swinton, S.M. 2003. Policy alternatives to achieve a dramatic reduction in environmental impacts from midwestern agriculture. Midwest Commodities and Conservation Initiative of the World Wildlife Fund, American Farmland Trust, and Winrock Internationals Henry A. Wallace Center for Agricultural and Environmental Policy. Online publication at http://www.worldwildlife.org/commerce/midwest/swinton_policy_alternat ives.pdf.
• Swinton, S., Escobar, G., Reardon, T. 2003. Poverty and Environment in Latin America: Concepts, Evidence and Policy Implications. World Development, November.
• Tefft, J., Keita, D., Wise, V., Kelly, V., Staatz, J. 2003. Mali's Rural Communes: A Potential Catalyst for Improving Child Nutrition? MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 63E, 8pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number63.pdf.
• Tefft, J., Kelly, V., Wise, V., Staatz, J. 2003. Linkages Between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth in Mali: A Summary of Preliminary Findings. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 64F. 2 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number64.pdf.
• Tefft, J., Kelly, V., Wise, V., Staatz, J. 2003. Liens entre la nutrition infantile et la croissance agricole au Mali: Un resume des premiers resultats. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 64F, 4pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number64f.pdf.
• Bias, C., Donovan, C. 2003. Gaps and Opportunities for Agricultural Sector Development in Mozambique. MADER Directorate of Economics, Department of Policy Analysis (MADER/DE/DAP). Research Report 54E. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps54e.pdf
• Carrilho, J., Benfica, R., Tschirley, D., Boughton, D. 2003. Qual o Papel da Agricultura Familiar Comercial no Desenvolvimento Rural e Reduco da Pobreza em Mocambique? MADER Directorate of Economics, Department of Policy Analysis (MADER/DE/DAP). Research Report RP 53P. Maputo, Mozambique. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps53p.pdf.
• Codron, J.M., Sterns, J.A., Reardon, T. 2003. Strategic Choices in Produce Marketing: Issues of Compatible Use and Exclusion Costs. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 33 (3) November: 1-13.
• Crawford, E., Kelly, V., Jayne, T.S., Howard, J. (Eds.). 2003. Input Use and Market Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Special Issue, Food Policy 28 (4): 277-419.
• Crawford, E., Kelly, V., Jayne, T.S., Howard, J. 2003. Input Use and Market Development in Subs-Saharan Africa: An Overview. Food Policy, Vol. 28(2003): 277-292.
• Dembele, N.N., Staatz, J.M., Weber, M.T. 2003. Impact of the Malian Cereals Market Reform Program on Farmers. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 68. 4 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number68.pdf.
• Donovan, C., Mpyisi, E., Bailey, L., Weber, M. 2003. Prime-Age Adult Morbidity and Mortality in Rural Rwanda: Which Households are Affected and What are Their Strategies for Adjustment? Selected paper for the Triennial Conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists, to be held in Durban, South Africa, August 2003. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=10799&ftype=pdf .
• Donovan, C., Bailey, L., Mpyisi, E., Weber, M. 2003. Prime-Age Adult Morbidity and Mortality in Rural Rwanda: Effects on Household Income, Agricultural Production, and Food Security Strategies. Kigali, Rwanda: FSRP, MINAGRI/DSA. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/RLDS3_2003.pdf.
• Donovan, C., Mpyisi, E., Loveridge, S. 2003. Smallholder Response to Population Pressure and Adversity in Rwanda. Chapter 12 (pp. 231-246) in Mudacumura, Gedeon, and Haque, M.S. Handbook of Development Policy Studies. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY.
• Escobar, G., and Swinton, S. 2003. Relaciones entre pobreza rural y el deterioro ambiental en algunos paises de America Latina. In Escobar, G., ed., Pobreza y Deterioro Ambiental en America Latina. Santiago: RIMISP. Pages 9-38.
• Gebremedhin, B., and Swinton, S.M. 2003. Investment in soil conservation in Ethiopia: the role of land tenure security and public programs. Agricultural Economics 29:69-84.
• Gonzlez-Ramirez, H., Bernsten, R.H., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A. 2003. Evaluacion economica de la inversion para la investigacion en frijol en el norte de Mexico. Revista Agricultura Tecnica en Mexico. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias. Mexico.
• Govereh, J., Jayne, T. 2003. Cash Cropping and Food Crop Productivity: Synergies or Trade-offs? Agricultural Economics, Vol 28(1): 39-50.
• Hu, D., Yu, H., Reardon, T. 2003. Sale and Consumers' Buying Behavior of Fresh Agricultural Products in Supermarkets in China. Chinese Rural Economy, 8(224).
• Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Weber, M., Tschirley, D., Benfica, R., Chapoto, A., Zulu, B. 2003. Smallholder Income and Land Distribution in Africa: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies. Food Policy, Vol. 28 (3): 253-275.
• Jayne, T.S., Kelly, V., Crawford, E. 2003. Fertilizer Consumption Trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 69. 4 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number69.pdf.
• Jayne, T.S., Govereh, J., Wanzala, M., Demeke, M. 2003. Fertilizer Market Development: A Comparative Analysis of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Zambia. Food Policy, Vol. 28: 293-316.
• Karanja, D.D., Renkow, M., Crawford, E.W. 2003. Welfare effects of maize technologies in marginal and high potential regions of Kenya. Agricultural Economics 29 (December): 331-341.
• Kelly, V.A., Crawford, E.W., Jayne, T.S. 2003. Agricultural Input Use and Market Development in Africa: Recent Perspectives and Insights. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 70, 6pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number70.pdf.
• Kelly, V.A., Crawford, E.W., Jayne, T.S. 2003. Agricultural Input Use and Market Development in Africa: Recent Perspectives and Insights. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 70, 6 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number70.pdf.
• Loveridge, S., Nyarwaya, J.B., Shingiro, E. 2003. Rwandan Smallholder Coffee Tree Maintenance and Cherry Processing Techniques: Results of a Farm-Level Survey, 2002. Food Security Research Project. Ministry of Agriculture. Republic of Rwanda. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/index.htm.
• Mabota, A., Arlindo, P., Paulo, A., Donovan, C. 2003. Market Information: A Low Cost Tool for Agricultural Market Development? Flash 37E. Maputo. MADER Directorate of Economics, Department of Policy Analysis (MADER/DE/DAP). http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/flash37e.pdf.
• Mather, D.L., Bernsten, R.H., Rosas, J.C., Ruano, A.V., Escoto, D. 2003. The Economic Impact of Bean Disease Resistance Research in Honduras. Agricultural Economics 29:343-352.
• Maumbe, B.M., Swinton, S.M. 2003. Adoption of cotton IPM in Zimbabwe: the role of technology awareness and pesticide-related health risks. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 5(2):60-86. On-line at http://publicpolicy.subr.edu/JSDAOLD/fall2003/article.htm.
• Maumbe, B., Bernsten, R.H., Norton, G. 2003. Social and Economic Considerations in the Design and Implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Developing Countries. In: K.M Maredia (Ed.), Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena. CABI Publishing.
• Maumbe, B.M., Swinton, S.M. 2003. Hidden health costs of pesticide use in Zimbabwes smallholder cotton growers. Social Science & Medicine 57:1559-1571.
• Arlindo, P., Tschirley, D. 2003. Regional Trade In Maize in Southern Africa: Examining the Experience of Northern Mozambique and Malawi. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 67. 5 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number67.pdf.
• Balsevich, F., Berdegue, J.A., Flores, L., Mainville, D., Reardon,T. 2003. Supermarkets and Produce Quality and Safety Standards in Latin America. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (5), December: 1147-1154.
• Berdegue, J.A., Balsevich, F., Flores, L., Mainville, D., Reardon, T. 2003. Case Study: Supermarkets and Quality and Safety Standards for Produce in Latin America. Brief 12 in Food Safety and Food Security in Food Trade, ed. Laurian Unnevehr, 2020 Focus 10, IFPRI. Washington, DC.
• Mpyisi, E., Weber, M., Shingiro, E., Loveridge, S. 2003. Changes in Allocation of Land Holdings, Production and Farm Size in the Rwandan Smallholder Sector Over the Period 1984/1990 to 2002. MINAGRI/FSRP FS II Rwanda Policy Brief http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda.
• Mwiinga, B., Nijhoff, J.J., Tschirley, D., Weber, M.T., Jayne, T.S., Arlindo, P., Tembo, G., Shaffer, J. 2003. Enabling Small-Scale Maize Marketing and Processing to Assure Supplies of Low-Cost Staples. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 66, 7pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number66.pdf.
• Swinton, S.M.,Quiroz, R. 2003. Is poverty to blame for soil, pasture and forest degradation in Peru's Altiplano? World Development 31(11):1903-1919.
• Swinton, S.M., Labarta, R. 2003. Introduction to statistics for agricultural economists using SPSS. Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 03-13E. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Swinton, S.M., Labarta, R. 2003. Introduccion a la estadistica para economistas agricolas usando el SPSS. Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 03-13S. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Swinton, S.M., Quiroz, R. 2003. Poverty and the deterioration of natural soil capital in the Peruvian Altiplano. Environment, Development and Sustainability 5:477-490.
• Swinton, S., Quiroz, R. 2003. Relaciones entre pobreza y el deterioro ambiental en la cuenca del Lago Titicaca. In Escobar, G., ed., Pobreza y Deterioro Ambiental en America Latina. Santiago: RIMISP. Pages 39-60.
• Neven, D., Reardon, T. 2003. The Rapid Rise of Kenyan Supermarkets: Opportunities and Challenges for Farmers and Value-Added Horticultural Product Suppliers. Paper presented at the 4th Annual International Conference of the International Academy of African Business and Development, London, April 9-12.
• Nijhoff, J.J., Tschirley, D., Jayne, T.S., Tembo, G., Arlindo, P., Mwiinga, B., Shaffer, J. D., Weber, M., Donovan, C., Boughton, D. 2003. Coordination for Long-Term Food Security by Government, Private Sector and Donors: Issues and Challenges. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Policy Synthesis No. 65, 4pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number65.pdf.
• Nijhoff, J.J., Tembo, G., Shaffer, J., Jayne, T.S., Shawa, J. 2003. How Will The Proposed Crop Marketing Authority Affect Food Market Performance In Zambia: An Ex Ante Assessment to Guide Government Deliberation. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Zambia Food Security Research Project Working Paper No. 7. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/wp7zambia.pdf.
• Nijhoff, J.J., Tembo, G., Shaffer, J.D., Jayne, T.S., Shawa, J. 2003. How Will The Proposed Crop Marketing Authority Affect Food Market Performance in Zambia? An ex Ante Assessment to Inform Government Deliberation. MSU Agricultural Economics FS III Zambia Food Security Project Policy Synthesis No. 8. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/polsyn8zambia.pdf.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P., Berdegue, J.A. 2003. The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Latin America and East/Southeast Asia: Implications for Domestic and International Markets for Fruits and Vegetables. In Anita Regmi and Mark Gehlhar (editors). Global Markets for High Value Food Products. Agriculture Information Bulletin. USDA-ERS.
• Reardon, T., Timmer, C.P., Barrett, C.B., Berdegue, J. 2003. The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85 (5), December: 1140-1146.
• Smale, M., Jayne, T.S. 2003. Maize in Eastern and Southern Africa: Seeds of Success in an Historical Perspective. ETPD Discussion Paper 97, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C. http://www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp97.pdf.
• Snapp, S.S., Blackie, M.J., Donovan, C. 2003. Realigning research and extension to focus on farmers' constraints and opportunities. Food Policy 28:349-363.
• Swinton, S.M. 2003. Integrating sustainability indicators into the economic surplus approach for NRM impact assessment. In Shiferaw, B., and Freeman, H.A., eds., Methods for Assessing the Impacts of Natural Resource Management Research. Patancheru, India: ICRISAT. Pages 51-58.

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Food Security II research and policy dialogue continued in Mali, West Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Zambia. A one-year no-cost extension was approved starting from October 2002. Activities will continue to focus on (a) boosting rural household income through increased food and cash crop production, higher on-farm input use and productivity, and improved input and output markets, including support for market information systems; (b) income and land relationships; (c) agriculture and nutrition linkages; and (d) agricultural and trade policies in West Africa. The 5-year $5 million Food Security III Cooperative Agreement was awarded starting October 2002. FS III research will focus on agricultural productivity and input/output market development); land distribution, poverty and HIV/AIDS impacts; and food security/natural resource management interactions. A more specific work plan for FS III activities is being developed with collaborating African institutions. Other grant-funded research included work on economic and policy issues associated with agricultural research (particularly focused on biotechnology research); work on bean/cowpea production and marketing in environmental impacts of high altitude farming in Latin America; and agribusiness and food industry trends and grades and standards, and their implications for small farmers.

Impacts
Research results continue to be used extensively by collaborating governments, non-governmental organizations, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to better use external inputs in economically sound ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting smallholder agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth, as well as structural transformation of food and agricultural sectors.

Publications

• Wise, V., Tefft, J., Kelly, V., Staatz, J., in collaboration with LICNAG Research Team. 2002. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices On Child Feeding and Care: Preliminary Insights from the Project on Linkages between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth (LICNAG). MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 61. 8 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number61.pdf
• Wise, V., Ouattara, F., Tefft, J., Kelly, V., Staatz, J., in collaboration with LICNAG Research Team. 2002. Making Nutrition Visible Through Community Health Initiatives. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 62. 8 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number62.pdf
• Yamano, T., Jayne, T.S. 2002. Measuring the Effects of Prime-Age Adult Death on Rural Households in Kenya. Tegemeo Institute for Agricultural Policy and Development/Egerton University Working Paper No. 5. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/kenya/wp5.pdf
• Zulu, B., Jayne, T.S., Kajoba, G. 2002. Determinants of Landholding Size in Zambia's Small and Medium Scale Farm Sector: Implications for the Design of Poverty Reduction Strategies. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Food Security Research Project Working Paper No. 6.
• Zulu, B., Jayne, T.S., Kajoba, G. 2002. Determinants of Landholding Size in Zambia's Small and Medium Scale Farm Sector: Implications for the Design of Poverty Reduction Strategies. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Food Security Research Project Policy Synthesis No.7.
• Nijhoff, J.J., Jayne, T.S., Mwiinga, B., Shaffer, J. 2002. Markets Need Predictable Government Actions to Function Effectively: The Case of Importing Maize in Times of Deficit. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Food Security Research Project Policy Synthesis No. 6. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/polsyn6zambia.pdf
• Nouve, K., Staatz, J., Schweikhardt, D., Yade, Mbaye. 2002. Trading out of Poverty: WTO Agreements and the West African Agriculture. A Report of the Food Security II Cooperative Agreement. MSU Agricultural Economics International Development Working Paper 80. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp80.pdf
• Oehmke, J. F., Wolf, C. A. 2002. And then there were four: Is concentration affecting biotechnology R&D performance? Choices, Spring, 11 15.
• Oehmke, J. 2002. Biotechnology R&D races, industry structure, and public and private sector research orientation. AgBioForum. 4(2):105-114. On the Web at http://www.esteycentre.ca
• Swinton, S. M. 2002. Capturing Household-level Spatial Influence in Agricultural Management using Random Effects Regression. Agric. Econ. 27(November):371-381.
• Swinton, S.M., Quiroz, R. 2002. Are poor farmers to blame for environmental degradation? Results from the Peruvian altiplano. Staff Paper No. 2002-14, Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Swinton, S. M. 2002. Trade Issues and Agro-Environmental Concerns: North vs. South. Presentation at the IAAE Organized Symposium on Policy and Economic Issues in Trade Liberalization Negotiations. American Agricultural Economics Association annual meeting, Long Beach, CA, July 28-31. Published to IAAE web site: (http://www.iaae-agecon.org/conf/ AAEA/Swinton_Trade_EnvtIAAE_AAEA02.htm#_ftn1)
• Swinton, S. M., Quiroz, R. 2002. Poverty and the deterioration of natural soil capital in the Peruvian altiplano. Staff Paper No. 2002-27, Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Swinton, S.M., Jones, K. Q., Miller, N. R., Schabenberger, O., Brook, R., Warncke, D. 2002. Site-specific versus whole-field fertility and lime management in Michigan soybeans and corn. Staff Paper No. 2002-16, Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Aust Sterns, P., Reardon, T. 2002. Determinants and effects of institutional change: A case study of dry bean grades and standards. J. of Econ. Issues. 36(1), March:1-16.
• Tefft, J., and Kelly, V., in collaboration with LICNAG Research Team. 2002. Understanding and Reducing Child Malnutrition in Mali: Interim Research Findings for the Project on Linkages between Child Nutrition and Agricultural Growth (LICNAG). MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 60. 8 pp.
• Wanzala, M., Jayne, T.S., Staatz, J., Mugera, A., Kirimi. J . 2002. Fertilizer Marketing and Agricultural Production Incentives: Insights from Kenya. Tegemeo Institute for Agricultural Policy and Development/Egerton University Working Paper No.3. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/kenya/wp3.pdf
• Weatherspoon, D., Allen, J., Reardon, T. 2002. Supermarket strategies for international procurement of fresh produce: seeking diversity while assuring quality and safety. In Trienekens, J. H., Omta, S. W. F. (Eds), Paradoxes in food chains and networks. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Chain and Network Management in Agribusiness and the Food Industry, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 6-8 June 2002, pp. 1054-1064.
• Argwings-Kodhek, G., Minde, I., Jayne, T. S. 2002. Introduction. (Chapter 1) in Jayne, T.S., Minde, I., Argwings-Kodhek, G. (eds), 2002. Perspectives on Agricultural Transformation: A View from Africa. Nova Science, New York.
• Argwings-Kodhek, G., Minde, I., Jayne, T.S. 2002. Synthesis: What Have We Learned About Agricultural Transformation in Africa? (Chapter 11), in Jayne, T.S., Minde, I., Argwings-Kodhek, G., (eds), 2002. Perspectives on Agricultural Transformation: A View from Africa. Nova Science, New York.
• Barrett, C. B., Lynam, J., Place, F., Reardon, T., Aboud, A. A. 2002. Towards improved natural resource management in African agriculture. In Barrett, C.B., Place, F., Aboud, A. A. (Eds), Natural resources management in African agriculture: understanding and improving current practices. London: CAB International, pp. 287-296.
• Bernsten, R. H. 2002. Impact Assessments that Made a Difference: Examples from CRSP Community. Paper presented at a USAID workshop on Impact Assessment of Agricultural and NRM Research: Needs, Challenges and Options. Washington, D.C. September 12-13.
• Clay, D.C., Kelly, V., Mpyisi, E., Reardon, T. 2002. Input use and conservation investments among farm households in Rwanda: Patterns and determinants. In Barrett, C.B., Place, F., Aboud, A. A. (Eds), Natural resources management in African agriculture: understanding and improving current practices. London: CAB International, pp. 103-114.
• Donovan, C., Mpyisi, E., Loveridge, S. 2002. Summary Comments on Forces Driving Change in Rwandan Smallholder Agriculture 1990-2001: Crops and Livestock. MINAGRI/FSRP FS II Rwanda Policy Brief No 4E. 4 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/ps_4e.pdf
• Karanja, D. D., Renkow, M., Crawford, E. W. 2002. The Welfare Effects of Maize Technologies in Marginal and High Potential Regions of Kenya. Select Paper presented at the AAEA meetings, Long Beach, CA, July 28-31.
• Estrada, J.M., Reardon, T. 2002. Impacts of U.S. food safety standards on Guatemalan horticultural product supply chains. In Trienekens, J. H., Omta, S. W. F. (Eds), Paradoxes in food chains and networks. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Chain and Network Management in Agribusiness and the Food Industry, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 6-8 June 2002, pp. 1036-1039.
• Gebremedhin, B., Swinton, S. M. 2002. Sustainable Management of Private and Communal Lands in Northern Ethiopia. In C.B. Barrett, F.M. Place and A. Aboud, eds. Natural Resources Management in African Agriculture: Understanding and Improving Current Practices. London: CAB International. Pages 77-89.
• Gebremedhin, B., Swinton, S. 2002. Investment in soil conservation in northern Ethiopia: The role of land tenure security and public programs. Staff Paper No. 2002-13, Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Jayne, T.S., Govereh, J., Mwanaumo, A., Nyoro, J., Chapoto, A. 2002. False Promise or False Premise: The Experience of Food and Input Marketing in Eastern and Southern Africac (Chapter 9), in Jayne, T.S., Minde, I., Argwings-Kodhek, G. (eds), 2002. Perspectives on Agricultural Transformation: A View from Africa. Nova Science, New York.
• Jayne, T.S., Minde, I., Argwings-Kodhek, G. (eds). 2002. Perspectives on Agricultural Transformation: A View from Africa. Nova Science, New York.
• Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Weber, M., Tschirley, D., Benfica, R., Neven, D., Chapoto, A., Zulu, B. 2002. Smallholder Income and Land Distribution in Africa: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 59. 6 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number59.pdf
• Jayne, T.S., Strauss, J., Yamano, T. 2002. Food Aid Distribution in Ethiopia: Chronic Needs or Inertia? Journal of Development Economics, Vol 68 (2): 247-288.
• Jayne, T.S., T. Yamano, J. Nyoro, and T. Awuor. 2002. Do Farmers Really Benefit from Higher Food Prices? Balancing Rural Interests in Kenya's Maize Marketing and Pricing Policy. Working Papers No.2b, Tegemeo Institute for Agricultural Policy and Development/Egerton University, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Weber, M., Tschirley, D., Benfica, R., Neven, D., Chapoto, A., Zulu, B. 2002. Smallholder Income and Land Distribution in Africa: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies. Selected Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association Long Beach, California, July 28-31.
• Jayne, T.S., Govereh, J., Mwanaumo, A., Nyoro, J., Chapoto, A. 2002. False Promise or False Premise: The Experience of Food and Input Market Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa. World Development, Vol 30 (11): 1967-1986.
• Loveridge, S., Mpyisi, E.,Weber, M.. 2002. Farm-level Perspectives in Rwanda's Coffee Supply Chain Coordination Challenge. MINAGRI/FSRP FS II Rwanda Policy Brief No. 2E. 6 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/ps_2e.pdf
• Loveridge, S., Nyaarwaya, J., Shingiro, E. 2002. Decaffinated? Situation, Trends and Prospects for Coffee Production in Rwanda: Anaylsis of a Rural Household Survey. MINAGRI/FSRP FS II Rwanda Policy Brief No. 2E. 32 pp. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/farmers_attitudes_aug28.doc. pdf
• Mather, D., Bernsten, R. H. 2002. The Impact of Bean Research in the Dominican Republic. Poster Paper presented at the Conference on Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development, San Jose, Costa Rica, February 4-8.
• Mather, D., Bernsten, R. H., Rosas, J. C., Ruano, A. V., Escoto, D., Martinez, J. 2002. The Impact of Bean Research in Honduras. Paper presented at the Conference on Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development, San Jose, Costa Rica, February 4-8.
• Mather, D., Bernsten, R. H., Maredia, M. 2002. Ex-Ante Assessment of the Impact of Disease-Resistant Cucurbit Germplasm In Indonesia and South Africa. Report submitted to ABSP/USAID, July 16. Staff Paper 2002-28. October. Dept. of Agric. Econ., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
• Mwiinga, B., Nijhoff, J.J., Jayne, T.S., Tembo, G., Shaffer, J.D. 2002. The Role Of Mugaiwa In Promoting Household Food Security: Why It Matters Who Gets Access To Government Maize Imports. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Food Security Research Project Policy Synthesis No. 5. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/polsyn5zambia.pdf
• Neven, D., Reardon,T. 2002. Modal choice in international alliances between producers of horticultural products. In Trienekens, J. H., Omta, S. W. F. (Eds), Paradoxes in food chains and networks. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Chain and Network Management in Agribusiness and the Food Industry, Noordwijk, Netherlands, 6-8 June 2002, pp. 452-462.

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
FS II research and policy dialogue continued in Mali, West Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Rwanda. Major cross-country research themes continue on how to increase rural household income through increased food and cash crop production, higher on-farm productivity and improved input (especially fertilizer) and output markets. An important synthesis report on work on income and land relationships was completed and is the subject of extensive outreach. Work in Mali continued on agriculture and nutrition linkages. The FS II web site has over 500 downloadable documents. Work in Latin America was continued on policies to improve the environment and promote non-farm employment, as well as on agrifood grades and standard. Major efforts also continued to provide technical backstopping work to the Partnership to Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa.

Impacts
Research results continue to be used extensively by non-governmental organizations, collaborating governments, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to better use external inputs (especially inorganic fertilizer) in economically sound ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting smallholder agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth, as well as structural transformation of food and agricultural sectors.

Publications

• Arlindo, P., Santos, A., Abdula, D., Tschirley, D. 2001. A Economia Agricola do Norte de Mocambique: Desenvolvimentos Recentes e Perspectivas. Volume 27P. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/flash27p.pdf
• Barrett, C. B., Reardon, T.,Webb, T. 2001. Nonfarm Income Diversificaiton and Household Livelihood Strategies in Rural Africa: Concepts, Dynamics, and Policy Implications. Food Policy 26, no. 4 : 315-332.
• Berdegue, J., Ramirez, E., Reardon, T., Escobar, G. 2001. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Incomes in Chile. World Development 29, no. 3: 411-525.
• Camara, Y., Staatz, J.M., Crawford, E. W. 2001. Comparing the Profitability of Cassava-Based Production Systems in Three West African Countries: Cote d Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 01-03. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=2411&ftype=.pdf
• Corral, L., Reardon, T. 2001. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Incomes in Nicaragua. World Development 29, no. 3 : 427-442.
• Crawford, E., Kelly, V.A., 2001. Evaluating Measures to Improve Agricultural Input Use. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper No. 01-55. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=2411&ftype=.pdf
• Diagana, B., Kelly, V.A., Crawford, E., 2001. Dynamic Analysis of Soil Fertility Improvement: A Bioeconomic Model for Senegal. MSU Agricultural Economics F.S. II. Policy Synthesis No. 58. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number58.pdf
• Gebremedhin, B., Swinton, S.W. 2001. Sustainable Management of Private and Communal Lands in Northern Ethiopia. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 01-09. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=2440&ftype=.pdf
• Gebremedhin, B., Swinton, S.W. 2001. Reconciling Food-For-Work Objectives: Resource Conservation vs. Food Aid Targeting in Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethiopian J. Agric. Econ. 4(1):51-71.
• Howard, J., Jayne, T., Weber, M.T, 2001. African Perspectives on Progress and Challenges In Transforming Agriculture To Help Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Project contribuition to the Partnership To Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/africanhunger/perspectives.pdf
• Howard, J., Low, J., Jeje, J.J., Boughton, D., Massingue, J., Maredia, M. 2001. Constrangimentos e Estrategias para o Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Sementes em Mocambique. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Project Report RP 43P. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps43p.pdf
• Howard, J., Low, J., Jeje, J.J., Boughton, D., Massingue, J., Maredia, M. 2001. Constraints and Strategies for the Development of the Seed System in Mozambique. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Project Report RP43E. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps43e.pdf
• Jayne, T.S., Govereh, J., Nyoro, J., Chapoto, A., Mwanaumo, A. 2001. False Promise or False Premise The Experience of Food and Input Market Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa. European Association of Agricultural Economics Livelihood and Rural Poverty website posting. http//www.wye.ac.uk/AgEcon/ADU/eaaeannc/index.html
• Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Weber, M.T., Tschirley, D., Benfica, R., Neven, D., Zulu, B. 2001. Smallholder Income and Land Distribution in Africa: Implications for Poverty Reduction Strategies. MSU Agricultural Economics International Development Paper 24. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idp24.pdf
• Jayne, T.S., Strauss, J., Yamano, T., Molla, D. 2001. Giving to the Poor? Targeting of Food Aid in Rural Ethiopia. World Development 29, no. 5 : 887-910.
• Jayne, T.S., Strauss, J., Yamano, T., Molla, D. 2001. Targeting of Food Aid in Rural Ethiopia: Chronic Need or Inertia? Journal of Development Economics, Accepted for publication July 2001.
• Kelly, V., Mpyisi, E., Shingiro, E., Nyarwaya, J.B. 2001. Agricultural Intensification in Rwanda: An Elusive Goal Fertilizer Use and Conservation Investments. FSRP/DSA Policy Brief. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/agintensification.pdf
• Kelly, V.A., Mpyisi, E., Murekezi, A., Neven, D. 2001. Fertilizer Consumption in Rwanda: Past Trends, Future Potential, and Determinants. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Rwanda Project Bulletin. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/fertilizerconsumption.pdf
• Kelly,V.A., Murekezi, A. 2001. Fertilizer Response and Profitability in Rwanda. Valerie Kelly, Anastase Murekezi. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Rwanda Bulletin. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/rwanda/fertilizer.pdf
• Loveridge, S., Mpyisi, E., Weber, M.T. 2001. Some Observations on Farm-Level Perspectives in Rwandas Coffee Supply Chain Coordination Challenge. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Rwanda, Food Security Research Project Briefing Paper, MINAGRI/DSA, Kigali, Rwanda.
• Oehmke, J.F., Crawford, E.W. 2001. The Sensitivity of Returns to Research Calculations to Supply Elasticity. Amer. J. of Agr. Econ. Accepted for publication, June, 2001.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M. 2001. The Impact of Household Level Determinants on Child Health and Nutrition: Cross-Country Evidence from West Africa. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 01-27. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=3810&ftype=.pdf
• Phillips, C., Evans, S., Staatz, J., Weber, M., Gobstein, H., 2001. Partnership To Cut Hunger and Poverty in Africa. 25 Minute Extension Video. MSU Agricultural Economics. Reardon, T., Berdegue, J., Escobar, G. 2001. Rural Nonfarm Employment and Incomes in Latin America: Overview and Policy Implications. World Development 29, no. 3 : 395-409.
• Weatherspoon, D.D., Peterson, H.C., Neven, D. 2001. Economic and Social Consequences of Biotechnology: A Scenario Analysis. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 01-23. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=3138&ftype=.pdf
• Wessen, P., Oehmke, J.F. 2001. Privatizing Markets for Heterogeneous, Experience Goods: Coffee in Northwest Cameroon. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 01-08. http://agecon.lib.umn.edu/cgi-bin/pdf_view.pl?paperid=2441&ftype=.pdf
• Zulu, B., J.J. Nijhoff, T.S. Jayne, and A. Negassa. 2001. Is the Glass Half-Full or Half-Empty? An Analysis of Agricultural Production Trends in Zambia. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Project Policy Synthesis No. 2. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/zambia/polsyn2zambia.pdf
• Rohrback, D.D., Low, J., Pitoro, R., Cucu, A., Massingue, J., Boughton, D., Rafael, G., Paulo, A., Jocene, D. 2001. Prioridades de Investimento para o Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Sementes em Mocambique. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Project Report R.P. 44P. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps44p.pdf
• SIMA/MSU Technical Team. 2001. Informacao para o Sector Privado Agricola: Novos Servicos do SIMA em Apoio aos Produtores, Comerciantes e Processadores do Sector Agricola. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Project Report RP 46P. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps46p.pdf
• SIMA/MSU Technical Team. 2001. Avaliacao das Necessidades dos Utentes do SIMA. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Project Report RP45P. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/mozambique/wps45p.pdf
• Staatz, J.M, 2001. Strategic Pathways and Interactions to Cutting Hunger in Half in Africa. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Project Contribution to Partnership To Cut Hunger and Poverty In Africa. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/africanhunger/strategicpaths.pdf
• Swinton, S.M. 2001. More Avenues for Boosting Agricultural Productivity than Just Biotechnology. Environment and Development Econ. 6(4):525-527.
• Swinton, S.M., Quiroz, R.A., Paredes, S., Reinoso, J.R., Valdivia, R. 2001. Using Farm Data to Validate Agro-ecological Zones in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. SAAD-III: Systems Approaches for Agricultural Development Proceedings 1999. Compact disk. International Potato Center, Lima. http://www.cipotato.org/training/SAADIII/Papers/IV-O-10.pdf
• Swinton, S.M. 2001. Strategies for Sustainable Development of Less-Favored Areas: Discussion. Amer. J. Agric. Econ. 83(5):1241-1242.
• Tefft, J., Ouattara, F., Penders, C., Yade, M., Keita, D., Kelly, V., Staatz, J. 2001. Preliminary Findings on the Linkages Between Agricultural Productivity Growth and Child Nutritional Status in Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 57.. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/polsyn/number57.pdf
• Tschirley, D.L.,Benfica, R. 2001. Smallholder Agriculture, Wage Labor and Rural Poverty Alleviation in Land-Abundant Areas of Africa: Evidence From Mozambique. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39,2, p333-358.
• Weatherspoon, D.D., Cacho, J., Christy, R. 2001. Linking Globalization, Economic Growth and Poverty: Impacts of Agribusiness Strategies on Sub-Saharan Africa. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83, no. 3: 772-729.

Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
FS II research and policy dialogue continued in Mali, West Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Rwanda. Collaborative work with the EU continued in Southern Africa. Major cross-country research themes continue on how to increase rural household income through increased food and cash crop production, higher on-farm productivity and improved input (especially fertilizer) and output markets. Work in Mali also focused on agriculture and nutrition linkages. The FS II web site has over 400 downloadable documents. Work in Latin America was completed on policies to promote non-farm employment, as well as on agrifood grades and standard. Major efforts were also focused on technical backstopping work to the Partnership to Cut Hunger in Africa.

Impacts
Research results continue to be used extensively by non-governmental organizations, collaborating governments, private firms and academic users seeking guidance on how to better use external inputs (especially inorganic fertilizer) in economically sound ways. Results also assist program and policy decision makers in promoting smallholder agricultural and food system productivity needed to promote longer-term income growth, as well as structural transformation of food and agricultural sectors.

Publications

• Benfica, R., Arlindo, P., Weber, M.T., Tschirley, D. 2000. Representative Characteristics of Rural Households in Areas of Central and Southern Mozambique Affected by The 2000 Floods. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Research Flash No. 19E, 4pp.
• Benfica, R., Arlindo, P., Weber, M.T., Tschirley, D. 2000. Representative Characteristics of Rural Households in Areas of Central and Southern Mozambique Affected By The 2000 Floods. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Mozambique Research Paper No. 40E, pp 25.
• Bingen, J.R., Robinson, D., Staatz, J. 2000. Introduction. In Democracy and Development in Mali, edited by Bingen, Robinson, Staatz. Michigan State University Press, pp. 1-8.
• Busch, L., Bingen, J., Harris, C., Reardon, T. 2000. Markets, Rights, and Equity: Food and Agricultural Standards in a Shrinking World: Recommendations From an International Workshop. MSU Institute for Food and Agricultural Standards, Michigan State University.
• Colin, J-P., Crawford. E.W. 2000. Economic Perspectives in Agricultural Systems Analysis. Review of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 22, No.1, pp.192-217.
• Colin, J-P., Crawford, E.W. 2000. Research on Agricultural Systems: Accomplishments, Perspectives, and Issues. Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
• Crawford, E. W., Howard, J., Kelly, V.A. 2000. Financial and Risk Analysis of Maize Technology in Ethiopia, Based on CERES-Maize Model Results. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-47.
• Dembele, N.N., Tefft, J.F., Staatz, J.M.. 2000. Mali's Market Information System: Innovative Evolution in Support of a Dynamic Private Sector. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 56.
• Dimithe, G., Bernsten, R.H., Staatz, J.M., Sanogo,O., Coulibaly, B.S., Simpara, M. 2000. Can Agricultural Production in the Marginal Lands Contribute to Improving Food Security in the Sahelian African Countries: An Evidence From the Bas-Fond Rice Production in Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-13.
• Dimithe, G., Bernsten, R.H., Staatz, J.M., Sanogo, O., Coulibaly, B.S., Simpara, M. 2000. Can Agricultural Production in the Marginal Lands Contribute to Improving Food Security in the Sahelian African Countries An Evidence From the Bas-Fond Rice Production in Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-13.
• Berdegue, J.A., Reardon, T., Escobar, G.E. 2000. Empleo e Ingresos Rurales no Agricolas en America Latina y el Caribe. Seminario sobre Desarrollo Agricola y Pobreza Rural, New Orleans, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
• Bingen, J. R., Staatz, J.M., Robinson, D. Editors. 2000. Democracy and Development in Mali. Michigan State University Press.
• Dimithe, G., Bernsten, R.H., Staatz, J.M., Sanogo,O., Coulibaly, B.S., Simpara, M. 2000. On the Use of Productivity-Increasing Technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Inland Valley Swamp Rice Farming in Southern Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-14.
• Dimithe, G., Bernsten, R.H., Staatz, J.M., Coulibaly, B.S., Mariko,D., Kergna, A.O. 2000. Financial Profitability of Mali-Sud Bas-Fond Rice Production Systems. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-12.
• Dimithe, G., Bernsten, R.H., Staatz, J.M., Coulibaly, B.S., Sanogo, O. 2000. On the Use of Productivity-Increasing Technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa The Case of Inland Valley Swamp Rice Farming in Southern Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-14.
• Escobal, J., Agreda, V., Reardon, T. 2000. Institutional change and agroindustrialization on the Peruvian coast: innovations, impacts, and implications. Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23. No. 3, pp. 267-278.
• Farina, E., Reardon T. 2000. Agrifood grades and standards in the extended MERCOSUR: conditioners and effects in the agrifood system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, No. 5, pp. 1170-76.
• Reardon, T. 2000. Interactions Between the Agricultural System and Non-agricultural Activities of Farm Households in Developing Countries. In J-P Colin and E.W. Crawford, Editors. Research on Agricultural Systems: Accomplishments, Perspectives, and Issues. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 163-178.
• Reardon, T., Barrett, C.B., Kelly, V., Savadogo, K. 2000. Sustainable Versus Unsustainable Agricultural Intensification in Africa: Focus on Policy Reforms and Market Conditions. In D.R. Lee and C.B. Barrett, Editors. Tradeoffs or Synergies? Agricultural Intensification, Economic Development and the Environment in Developing Countries. Wallingford, UK. CAB International. pp. 365-382..
• Reardon, T., Taylor, J.E., Stamoulis, K., Lanjouw, P., Balisacan, A. 2000. Effects of Nonfarm Employment on Rural Income Inequality in Developing Countries: An Investment Perspective. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 51, No.2, pp. 266-288.
• Reardon, T., Glewwe, P. 2000. Agriculture and Module for Chapter 19. In M. Grosh and P. Glewwe, Editors. Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons from Fifteen Years of the Living Standards Measurement Study, The World Bank. pp. 139-182, 407-453.
• Reardon, T., Barrett, C.B. 2000. Agroindustrialization, Globalization, and International Development: an overview of issues, patterns, and determinants. Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23, No.3, pp.195-205.
• Reardon, T. 2000. Challenges in Fighting Rural Poverty in the Globalizing Economy of Latin America: Focus on Institutions, Markets, and Projects. Paper presented at the Seminario Latinoamericano sobre Experiencias exitosas de combate a la pobreza rural: Lecciones para una reorientacion de las politicas, FAO/CEPAL, Santiago de Chile.
• Reardon, T., Taylor, J.E., Stamoulis, K., Lanjouw, P., Balisacan, A. 2000. Effects of Non-Farm Employment on Rural Income Inequality in Developing Countries: An Investment Perspective. Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 51, No. 2 , pp. 266-288.
• Schejtman, A., Reardon, T. 2000. El empleo no agricola y los proyectos como politica rural. Estudios Agrarios (revista de la Procuraduria Agraria, Mexico), Vol. 6, No. 14, pp. 9-30.
• Staatz, J.M. 2000. Overview-MSU's Food Security Research and Outreach Program in Mali. In Democracy and Development in Mali, edited by Bingen, Robinson, and Staatz, Michigan State University Press, pp. 105-118.
• Staatz, J. M., 2000. Overview - MSU's Food Security Research and Outreach Program in Mali. In Democracy and Development in Mali edited by Bingen, Staatz and Robinson. Michigan State University Press, pp.165-166.
• Sterns, J., Codron, J.M., Reardon, T. 2000. Consumer Preferences, Experience and Credence Issues, and Their Strategic Implications for French and US Fresh Produce Sectors. Contributed paper selected for presentation at the IAMA World Food and Agribusiness Forum, Chicago.
• Tefft, J., 2000. Cotton in Mali: The `White Revolution' and Development. In Democracy and Development in Mali edited by Bingen, Staatz and Robinson. Michigan State University Press, pp. 211-242.
• Giovannucci, D., Reardon,T. 2000. Understanding Grades and Standards and How to Apply Them. In D. Giovannucci, Editor. A Guide to Developing Agricultural Markets and Agro-Enterprises, The World Bank. Berdegue, J.A., Reardon, T., Escobar, G., Echeverria, R. 2000. Policies to Promote Non-farm Rural Employment in Latin America. Natural Resource Perspectives, Overseas Development Institute, London. No. 55.
• Mariko, D., Kelly, V., Chohin-Kuper, A. 2000. Comment Augmenter Les Revenus Des Producteurs? Lecons De L office du Niger Au Mali. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 53F.
• Martel, P. V., Bernsten, R.H., Weber, M.T. 2000. Food Markets, Policy, and Technology: The Case of Honduran Dry Beans. MSU International Development Working Paper 78. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp78.pdf.
• Oehmke, J.F. 2000. Review of Public-Private Collaboration in Agricultural Research: New Institutional Arrangements and Economic Implications. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, No. 4, pp.1055-1057.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Developpement agricole et malnutrition infantile: Qu'en savons nous? MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 52F.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Agricultural Development And Child Nutrition: What Do We Know? MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 52.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Agricultural Development and Child Nutrition: What Do We Know? MSU Agricultural Economics F.S. II Policy Synthesis No. 52.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. How Does Agricultural Development Affect Child Nutrition in Mali? MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 51.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Developpement Agricole et Malnutrition Infantile: Qu'en Savons Nous?. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 52F.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Comment le Developpement Agricole Affecte -t- il la Nutrition Infantile au Mali? MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 51F.
• Reardon, T. 2000. The Interface Between the Rapidly Changing Global Agrifood Economy and the Small Poor Farmer: Strategic Implications for the CGIAR. Paper for special TAC meeting on CGIAR vision and strategy. TAC Secretariat/FAO.
• Reardon, T. Glewwe, P. 2000. Agriculture. In Designing Household Survey Questionnaires for Developing Countries: Lessons From 15 Years of the Living Standards Measurement Study. Washington, D.C. World Bank.
• Tefft, J., Penders, C., Kelly, V., Staatz, J.M., Yade, M., Wise, V. 2000. Linkages Between Agricultural Growth and Improved Child Nutrition in Mali. MSU International Development Working Paper no. 79. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp79.pdf.
• Tschirley, D., Rose, D. 2000. Developing Cost Effective Methods for Estimating Household Income and Nutrient Intake Adequacy. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 54.
• Weatherspoon, D. D., Oehmke, J.F., Raper, K.C. 2000. An Era of Confusion: The Land Grant Research Agenda and Biotechnology. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-26.
• Oehmke, J.F., Weatherspoon, D.D., Wolf,C.A., Naseem, A., Maredia, M.K., Hightower,A.L. 2000. Is Agricultural Research Still a Public Good? Agribusiness, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 68-81.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. Comment le developpement agricole affecte-t-il la nutrition infantile au Mali? MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 51F.
• Penders, C.L., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J.F. 2000. How Does Agricultural Development Affect Child Nutrition in Mali? MSU Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis No. 51.
• Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T. Editors. 2000. Special issue on Agroindustrialization, Globalization, and International Development. Agricultural Economics, Vol. 23, No. 3.
• Barrett, C.B., Reardon, T. 2000. Asset, Activity, and Income Diversification Among African Agriculturalists: Some Practical Issues. Report for USAID/BASIS/CRSP, Cornell and MSU.
• Barrett, C.B., Bezuneh, M., Clay, D., Reardon, T. 2000. Heterogeneous Constraints, Incentives, and Income Diversification Strategies in Rural Africa. Report to USAID/BASIS CRSP, Cornell and Michigan State University.
• Barrett, C.B., Brendan, B., Reardon, T. 2000. Asset, Activity, and Income Diversification Among African Agriculturalists: Some Practical Issues. Madison,WI. BASIS Project, Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems.
• Weatherspoon, D. D., Oehmke, J.F., Raper, K.C. 2000. Identity Crisis: Land Grant Research in the Biotechnology Era. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 00-16.
• Weber, M.T., Other MSU Team Members. 2000. Key Challenges and Options Confronting Smallholder, Agribusiness and Government Leaders in Zambia's Cotton Sector. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Zambia Policy Synthesis No. 1, 4 pp.
• Yade, M., Sanogo, O., Kone, Y. 2000. Evolution De La Filiere Bovine Au Mali, Trois Ans Apres La Devaluation. MSU Department of Agricultural Economics FS II Policy Synthesis Number 55F.

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
In-Country food security related research and policy dialogue activities continue in Mali, Mozambique, Kenya. New work has begun in Rwanda and Zambia. Collaborative work with the EU has begun in Malawi, and field activities have stopped in Ethiopia. An Africa-wide conference on agricultural transformation was completed (held in Kenya) and all papers are posted to the FS II web site. A book is being drafted from these papers. Major cross-country research themes continue on how to increase African rural household income through improved markets, production inputs and food aid. Efforts continue to make all project written output available via the FS II Web site: there now 342 project documents downloadable from this site.

Impacts
Project research results have been used extensively by NGO's and collaborating givernments in Africa seeking guidance on how to better promote the use of high external input technologies (particularly fertilizer) in ways that are sustainable, as well how to go about developing more constructive and meaningful ways by which the public as well as private agribusiness sector in Africa can configure its operations in the post-liberalization environment to promote smallholder agricultural productivity and income growth.

Publications

• Weatherspoon, D.D., Oehmke, J.F., Wolf, C.A., Naseem, A., Maredia, M., Hightower, A.L. 1999. North-North-South Ag-Biotech Policy: Implications for Growth and Trade. MSU Staff Paper 99-51.
• Yade, M., Chohin-Kuper, A., Kelly, V.A., Staatz, J.M., Tefft, J. 1999. The Role of Regional Trade in Agricultural Transformation: The Case of West Africa Following the Devaluation of the CFA Franc. MSU Staff Paper 99-28. Paper presented at the Workshop on Agricultural Transformation, Nairobi, Kenya.
• Kelly, V.A., Crawford, E.W., Howard, J., Jayne,T.S., Staatz, J.M., Weber, M. 1999. Towards a Strategy for Improving Agricultural Inputs Markets in Africa. MSU Policy Synthesis No. 43. East Lansing: Michigan State University.
• Howard, J., Kelly, V.A., Demeke, M., Maredia, M., Stepanek, J. 1999. Green Revolution Technology Takes Root in Africa: The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia. MSU Policy Synthesis No. 42. East Lansing: Michigan State University.
• Stepanek, J., Kelly, V.A., Howard, J. 1999. From a Sasakawa Global 2000 Pilot Program to Sustained Increases in Agricultural Productivity: The Critical Role of Government Policy in Fostering the Ethiopian Transition. Select Paper, AAEA meetings, Nashville.
• Howard, J., Kelly, V.A., Stepanek, J. 1999. Progress and Problems in Promoting High External-Input Technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Sasakawa Global 2000 Experience in Ethiopia and Mozambique. Select paper, American Agricultural Economics Association Annual meeting, Nashville.
• Reardon, T., Barrett, C., Kelly, V.A., Savadogo, K. 1999. Policy Reforms and Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Africa. Development Policy Review 17:4:pp.293-313.
• Jayne, T.S. 1998. Market Reform, Institutional Constraint, Agricultural Productivity: Emerging Evidence from Africa. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 3, No. 1.
• Reardon, T., Kelly, V., Yanggen, D., Crawford, E.W. 1999. Determinants of Fertilizer Adoption by African Farmers: Policy Analysis Framework, Illustrative Evidence, and Implications. MSU Staff Paper 99-18.
• Diarra, S. B., Staatz, J.M., Bingen, R.J., Dembele, N.N. 1999. The Reform of Rice Milling and Marketing in the Office Du Niger: Catalyst for an Agricultural Success Story in Mali. MSU Staff Paper 99-26. Chapter for forthcoming book Democracy and Development in Mali, edited by R. James Bingen; David Robinson and John M. Staatz.
• Strasberg, P. J., Jayne, T.S., Yamano, T., Nyoro, J., Karanja, D., Strauss, J. 1999. Effects of Agricultural Commercialization on Food Crop Input Use and Productivity in Kenya. MSU International Development Working Paper 71. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp71.pdf.
• Weatherspoon, D.D., Oehmke, J.F., Wolf, C.A., Naseem, A., Maredia, M., Hightower, A. 1999. Global Implications from a North-North-South Trade Model: A Biotech Revolution. MSU Staff Paper 99-48. Paper prepared for the ICABR conference on The Shape of the Coming Agricultural Biotechnology Transformation: Strategic Investment and Policy Approaches from an Economic Perspective, University of Rome.
• Ba, M. B., Staatz J.M., Farrelly, L., Camara, Y., Dimithe, G. 1999. Atelier sure la transformation de l'agriculture en Afrique: Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, September 26 - 29, 1995. MSU International Development Working Paper 75F. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp75f.pdf.
• Ba, M. B., Staatz, J.M., Farrelly, L., Camara, Y., Dimithe, G. 1999. Workshop on Agricultural Transformation in Africa: Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, September 26-29, 1995. MSU International Development Working Paper 75. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp75.pdf
• Crawford, E.W. 1999. Notes on an Analytical Framework for Enterprise Budgets in Financial and Economic Analysis. MSU Ag. Economic Staff Paper 99-25.
• Dembele, N. N., Staatz, J.M. 1999. The Impact of Market Reform on Agricultural Transformation in Mali. MSU Agricultural Economics Staff Paper 99-29. Paper presented at the Workshop on Agricultural Transformation, Nairobi, Kenya, June 27-30.
• Dembele, N. N., Staatz, J.M. 1999. The Response of Cereals Traders to Agricultural Market Reform in Mali. MSU Ag. Economics Staff Paper 99-27.
• Govereh, J., Jayne, T.S. 1999. Effects of Cash Crop Production on Food Crop Productivity in Zimbabwe: Synergies or Trade-Offs. MSU International Development Working Paper 74.
• Howard, J., Kelly, V.A., Maredia, M., Stepanek, J., Crawford, E.W. 1999. Progress and Problems in Promoting High External-Input Technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Sasakawa Global 2000 Experience in Ethiopia and Mozambique. MSU Staff Paper 99-24.
• Howard, J. A., Kelly, V.A., Stepanek, J., Crawford, E.W., Demeke, M., Maredia, M. 1999. Green Revolution Technology Takes Root in Africa: The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethopia. MSU International Development Working Paper 76. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/Idwp76.pdf.
• Jayne, T.S., Mulinge, M., Chisvo, M., Tschirley, D.L., Weber, M.T., Zulu, B., Johansson, R., Santos, A.P., Soroko, D. 1999. Successes and Challenges of Food Market Reform: Experiences From Kenya, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. MSU International Development Working Paper 72. http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/fs2/papers/idwp72.pdf.
• Oehmke, J. F., Wolf, C.A., Weatherspoon, D.D., Naseem, A., Maredia, M., Raper, K.C., Hightower, A. 1999. Cyclical Concentration and Consolidation in Biotech R & D: A Neo-Schumpeterian Model. MSU Staff Paper 99-50.
• Oehmke, J. F., Weatherspoon, D.D., Wolf, C.A., Naseem, A., Maredia, M., Hightower, A. 1999. Is Agricultural Research Still A Public Good. 1999. MSU Staff Paper 99-49.
• Singare, K., Reardon, T., Camara, Y., Wanzala, M., Teme, B., Sanogo, O. 1999. Household Consumption Responses to the Franc CFA Devaluation: Evidence from Urban Mali. Food Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 517-534.
• Diagana, B., Reardon, T. 1999. Household Consumption Responses to the Franc CFA Devaluation: Evidence from Urban Senegal. Food Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 495-516.
• Diagana, B., Akindes, F., Savadogo, K., Reardon, T., Staatz, J.M. 1999. Effects of the CFA Franc Devaluation on Urban Food Consumption in West Africa: Overview and Cross-Country Comparisons. Food Policy, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 465-478.