Source: MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV submitted to
FOREST HEALTH MONITORING, ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0183445
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
MIS-061050
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 1999
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2005
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Nebeker, T. E.
Recipient Organization
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
ENTOMOLOGY & PLANT PATHOLOGY
Non Technical Summary
Detecting and monitoring insects in intensive culture, fiber farms, and in bottomland hardwood ecosystems. Insect ecology and diversity as a result in changes in the amount of coarse wood debri is of critical importance.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
40%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1230611113010%
1230613113020%
1230621113070%
Knowledge Area
123 - Management and Sustainability of Forest Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0621 - Broadleaf forests of the South; 0611 - Conifer forests of the South; 0613 - Mixed conifer-broadleaf forests;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;
Goals / Objectives
1. To develop a monitoring and prediction system for cottonwood leaf beetle (CLB) in nurseries, fiber farms and plantations. 2. To determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality and disturbances over forested landscapes. 3. To determine the effects of pine and hardwood stand modification and periodic flooding on insect and disease communities. 4. To develop a forest health initiative in Mississippi with emphasis on the southern pine beetle.
Project Methods
Insect traps and attractants will be tested in conjunction with a developing knowledge of insect developmental biology and experimental monitoring systems for the CLB. High and low resolution imagery as well as multi- and hyper-spectral data will be evaluated for use in monitoring and determining the extent of insect defoliation over forested landscapes. Pine and bottomland hardwood stands will be monitored in relation to stand density, alterations and the role of coarse woody debri on insect species abundance and diversity. The relationship between site and stand condition and endemic population of the southern pine beetle will be investigated. Micro-organisms will also be surveyed.

Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/05

Outputs
Third year measurements were initiated and terminated in association with a long term study on the impact of herbivory on Populus delotides. The cooperating company sold the property and all studies were terminated. Herbivory was much lower in the second year of the study as compared to the first and appeared to be even lower during the early part of the growing season during 2005. Investigations concerning potential impact of exotic insects in the southern forest ecosystem entered its third year, as have studies to determine the influences of various forested landscapes on imported fire ants. Hosts, living and dead have been identified for Xylosandrus mutilatus. In addition the mycangium of this species has been described.

Impacts
Forest resource protection (forest health) is extremely important and our efforts have demonstrated an understanding of how forestry practices impact agents of destruction that influence the health and production of valuable forest resources. We can now write management prescriptions that will protect and preserve the health of our forests. We have demonstrated that thinning is an important silvicultural tool in managing both pine and hardwood stands as well as protecting and preserving. We have documented our ability to reduce the impact from bark beetle infestations in pine stands via thinning. We have demonstrated the need for preventing thinning related disturbances to hardwood stands because of an increase in insect and disease activity associated with careless thinning practices. We documented the change (+) in insect diversity associated with thinning hardwood stands. This effort has lead to the development of the first (prototype) integrated pest management program for Populus to deal with damage caused by the cottonwood leaf beetle.

Publications

  • Nebeker, T. E., T. D. Leineger and J. S. Meadows. 2005. Thinning southern bottomland hardwood stands: insect and disease considerations. In Fredrickson, L. H., S. L. King, and R. M. Kaminski (eds.) Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: The State of our Understanding. Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Laboratory Special Publication No. 10. Miss. Stat. Univ., For. and Wildlife Res. Center, Publication WF-212. pp. 467-477.
  • Coyle, D. R., T. E. Nebeker, E. R. Hart, and W. J. Mattson. 2005. Biology and management of insect pests in North American intensively managed hardwood forest systems. Annual Rev. Entomol. Pp. 1-29
  • Stone, W.D., T.E. Nebeker, and W.A. Monroe. 2005. Ultrastructure of the mesonotal mycangium of Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford), an exotic ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Proceedings Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 11, Supplement 2, p. 172-173


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/04

Outputs
Second year measurements were completed in association with a long term study on the impact of herbivory on Populus delotides. Herbivory was much lower in the second year of the study as compared to the first. Comparisons of indicator insect species in bottomland hardwood stands were completed. Advances in the control and management of the southern pine bark beetles have been identified and summarized. Investigations concerning potential impact of exotic insects in the southern forest ecosystem have been initiated. Investigations have also been initiated to determine the influences of various forested landscapes on imported fire ants.

Impacts
Forest resource protection (forest health) is extremely important and our efforts have demonstrated an understanding of how forestry practices impact agents of destruction that influence the health and production of valuable forest resources. We can now write management prescriptions that will protect and preserve the health of our forests. We have demonstrated that thinning is an important silvicultural tool in managing both pine and hardwood stands as well as protecting and preserving. We have documented our ability to reduce the impact from bark beetle infestations in pine stands via thinning. We have demonstrated the need for preventing thinning related disturbances to hardwood stands because of an increase in insect and disease activity associated with careless thinning practices. We documented the change (+) in insect diversity associated with thinning hardwood stands. This effort has lead to the development of the first (prototype) integrated pest management program for Populus to deal with damage caused by the cottonwood leaf beetle.

Publications

  • Jarratt, J.H., E. Nebeker, and B. Layton. 2004. Asian ambrosia beetle biology and control. Publication No. 2345, Mississippi State University Extension Service. 3 pp.
  • Nebeker, T.E. 2004. Advances in the control and management of the southern pine bark beetles. In Rauscher, H.M. and K. Johnsen (eds). Southern Forest Science: Past, Present, and Future. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-75. pp. 155-160.
  • Tucker, S.A., T.E. Nebeker, M.D. Warriner and W.D. Jones. 2004. Effects of artificial defoliation on the growth of Populus deltoids: simulation of cottonwood leaf beetle defoliation. Conner, K.F. (ed). Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-71. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Southern Res. Stat. pp. 169-171.
  • Warriner, M.D. and T.E. Nebeker. 2004. Longhorned beetles in greentree reservoirs and naturally flooded bottomland hardwood stands. Conner, K.F. (ed). Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-71. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Southern Res. Stat. pp. 172-175.
  • Warriner, M.D., T.E. Nebeker, and S.A. Tucker. 2004. Comparison of saproxylic beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in upland hardwood and bottomland hardwood forests. In Spetich, M.A. (ed), Upland Oak Ecology Symposium: History, Current Conditions, and Sustainability. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-73. Asheville, NC: U.S. Dept. Agric, For. Serv. Southern Res. Stat., pp. 150-153.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
Objectives and results for 2003 are as follows: 1) To complete and publish results from earlier parts of this project (see associated publications), 2) to determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality, and disturbance over forested landscapes. The images obtained to detect defoliation were analyzed utilizing Imagine and ENVI. This part of the project has been completed. See the five publications resulting from this effort; and 3) to determine the biology and host range for Xylosandrus mutilatus, 4) to investigate the use of forested habitats by fire ants. Experimental plans have been developed and will be implemented during 2004.

Impacts
Forest resource protection (forest health) is extremely important and our efforts have demonstrated an understanding of how forestry practices impact agents of destruction that influence the health and production of valuable forest resources. We can now write management prescriptions that will protect and preserve the health of our forests. We have demonstrated that thinning is an important silvicultural tool in managing both pine and hardwood stands as well as protecting and preserving. We have documented our ability to reduce the impact from bark beetle infestations in pine stands via thinning. We have demonstrated the need for preventing thinning related disturbances to hardwood stands because of an increase in insect and disease activity associated with careless thinning practices. We documented the change (+) in insect diversity associated with thinning hardwood stands. This effort has lead to the development of the first (prototype) integrated pest management program for Populus to deal with damage caused by the cottonwood leaf beetle.

Publications

  • Gensheng, S. and T. E. Nebeker 200x. Utilizing airborne remote sensing to detect simulated conttonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, damage. Agr. For. Entomol. (Reviewed/In Revision).
  • Gensheng, S. and T. E. Nebeker 200x. Assessing spectral spatial patterns of cottonwood plantation and defoliation of cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., feeding with digital aerial imagery. Envir. Entomol. (Reviewed/In Revision).
  • Gensheng, S. and T. E. Nebeker 200x. Investigating defoliation of cottonwood leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Chrysomela scripta F., in fiber farms with multispectral data. (Reviewed/In Revision).
  • Gensheng, S. P. Gerard and T. E. Nebeker 200x. Geostatistical analysis of a cottonwood plantation and a defoliator, Chrysomela scripta F., utilizing remotely sensed and ground-based data. Computers and Electronics in Agric. (Reviewed/In Revision).
  • Gensheng, S. and T. E. Nebeker 200x. Spectral reflectance characteristics of simulated defoliation levels by cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., in a cottonwood plantation. J. Econ. Entomol. (Reviewed/In Revision).
  • Nebeker, T. E. 2003. Integrated forest pest management Chapter IV -Crop Production Systems - Section D Forestry: CAST - Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. Pp. 111-116.
  • Tisdale, R. A., T. E. Nebeker and J. D. Hodges. 2003. The role of oleoresin flow in the induced response of loblolly pine to a southern pine beetle associated fungus. Can. J. Bot. 81: 368-374.
  • Tisdale, R. A., T. E. Nebeker and J. D. Hodges. 2003. Role of oleoresin flow in initial colonization of southern pine beetle (Coleoptera:Scolytidae).J. Entomol. Sci. 38(4): 576-582.
  • Warriner, M. D. and T. E. Nebeker. 2003. Woodboring beetles in greentree reservoirs and bottomland hardwood forests. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. (In Press)
  • Tucker, S. A., T. E. Nebeker, M. D. Warriner and W. D. Jones. 2003. Effects of artificial defoliation on the growth of Populus deltoids: simulation of cottonwood leaf beetle defoliation. Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. (In Press).


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
Objectives and results for 2002 were as follows: 1) to develop a monitoring and prediction system for the cottonwood leaf beetle, CLB, in hybrid poplar plantations and nurseries; 2) to determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality, and disturbance over forested landscapes; and 3) to determine the effect of pine and hardwood stand modification and periodic flooding on insect and disease communities. Data regarding CLB population development and severity of damage were collected and analyzed. A model for the prediction of CLB life-stages, based upon degree-days, was tested along with the outlining of a pest management program for this system. Study sites located in hybrid poplar plantations in Mississippi were flown and photographed, for remote sensing purposes. Study sites were mapped via GPS for geo-referencing purposes. The images were analyzed utilizing Imagine and ENVI. Data from mature bottomland hardwood stands that had been thinned or left unthinned as controls, as well as from an old-growth stand, were analyzed from a number of different perspectives (see publications). Stands were surveyed for the presence of insect damage and disease signs and symptoms.

Impacts
Forest resource protection (forest health) is extremely important and our efforts have demonstrated an understanding of how forestry practices impact agents of destruction that influence the health and production of valuable forest resources. We can now write management prescriptions that will protect and preserve the health of our forests. We have demonstrated that thinning is an important silvicultural tool in managing both pine and hardwood stands as well as protecting and preserving. We have documented our ability to reduce the impact from bark beetle infestations in pine stands via thinning. We have demonstrated the need for preventing thinning related disturbances to hardwood stands because of an increase in insect and disease activity associated with careless thinning practices. We documented the change (+) in insect diversity associated with thinning hardwood stands. This effort has lead to the development of the first (prototype) integrated pest management program for Populus to deal with damage caused by the cottonwood leaf beetle.

Publications

  • Meadows, J. S., T. D. Leininger and T. E. Nebeker. 2002. Thinning to improve growth and control the canker decay fungus Inonotus hispidus in red oak-sweetgum stand in the Mississippi Delta. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-48 pp. 183-188. MAFES Contribution No. PS9981.
  • Nebeker, T. E., M. D. Warriner and E. R. Hart. 2002. Cottonwood fiber farm pest management: cottonwood leaf beetle. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-48. pp. 565-568. MAFES Contribution No. PS9948
  • Warriner, M. D. and T. E. Nebeker. 2002. The effects of thinning on Cerambycidae and Carabidae in bottomland hardwood forests. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-48. pp. 569-573. MAFES Contribution No. PS9947
  • Warriner, M. D., T. E. Nebeker and S. A. Tucker. 2002. Beetle diversity in an eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids Bartr.) plantation and adjacent bottomland hardwood forest in southeastern Arkansas. Arkansas Academy of Science. 56:xxx-xxx.
  • Nebeker, T. E., T. D. Leininger and J. S. Meadows. 200x. The role of stand modification in maintaining the health of southern forests: present and future. In Proceedings Southern Forest Science Conference. (In Press, extended 4 page abstract). MAFES Contribution No. PS9949.
  • Nebeker, T. E. 200x. Integrated forest pest management. In Baker, K. (ed), Chapter IV -Crop Production Systems - Section D Forestry: CAST - Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Integrated Pest Management Report. MAFES Contribution No. PS9941 (In final stages and will probably have a 2002 or 2003 date on it).
  • Tisdale, R. A., T. E. Nebeker and J. D. Hodges. 2003. The role of oleoresin flow in initial inoculation of a southern pine beetle associated fungus. J. Entomol. Sci. ACCEPTED in 2002. MAFES Contribution J-10133
  • Tisdale, R. A., T. E. Nebeker and J. D. Hodges. 2003. The role of oleoresin flow in initial colonization of southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. J. Botany. ACCEPTED in 2002. MAFES Contribution J-10134
  • Nebeker, T. E., T. D. Leineger and J. S. Meadows. 2003. Thinning southern bottomland hardwood stands: insect and disease considerations. Fredrickson, L. (ed). Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: The State of our Understanding. (In Press - galley proofed in 2002). MAFES Contribution No. PS9907.
  • Nebeker, T. E. 2003. Advances in the control and management of the southern pine bark beetles. (In Press) In Advances in Southern Forest Science, US Government Printing Office. MAFES Contribution No. BC10100.


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
Objectives and results for 2001 were as follows: 1) to develop a monitoring and prediction system for the cottonwood leaf beetle, CLB, in hybrid poplar plantations and nurseries; 2) to determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality, and disturbance over forested landscapes; and 3) to determine the effect of pine and hardwood stand modification and periodic flooding on insect and disease communities. Data regarding CLB population development and severity of damage were collected and analyzed. A model for the prediction of CLB life-stages, based upon degree-days, was tested along with the outlining of a pest management program for this system. Study sites located in hybrid poplar plantations in Mississippi were flown and photographed, for remote sensing purposes. Study sites were mapped via GPS for geo-referencing purposes. The images were analyzed utilizing Imagine and ENVI. Data from mature bottomland hardwood stands that had been thinned or left unthinned as controls, as well as from an old-growth stand, were analyzed from a number of different perspectives (see publications). Stands were surveyed for the presence of insect damage and disease signs and symptoms.

Impacts
Forest health is extremely important and our efforts have demonstrated an understanding of how forestry practices impact agents that influence the health of our valuable forest resource. We can now write management prescriptions that will preserve the health of our forests. We have demonstrated that thinning is an important silvicultural tool in managing both pine and hardwood stands. We have documented our ability to reduce the impact from bark beetle infestations in pine stands via thinning. We have also demonstrated the need for preventing thinning related disturbances to hardwood stands because of an increase in insect and disease activity associated with careless thinning practices. We have also documented the change (+) in insect diversity associated with thinning hardwood stands. This effort has lead to the development of the first (prototype) integrated pest management program for Populus to deal with damage caused by the cottonwood leaf beetle.

Publications

  • Meadows, J. S., T. D. Leininger and T. E. Nebeker. 2001. Thinning to improve growth and control the canker decay fungus Inonotus hispidus in red oak-sweetgum stand in the Mississippi Delta. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-# pp. 180-185. MAFES Contribution No. PS9981.
  • Nebeker, T. E., M. D. Warriner and E. R. Hart. 2001. Cottonwood fiber farm pest management: cottonwood leaf beetle. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-# pp. 549-552. MAFES Contribution No. PS9948.
  • Warriner, M. D. and T. E. Nebeker. 2001. The effects of thinning on Cerambycidae and Carabidae in bottomland hardwood forests. In Outcalt, K. W. (ed). 11th Silviculture Research Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. SRS-# pp. 553-557. MAFES Contribution No. PS9947.
  • Nebeker, T. E., T. D. Leininger and J. S. Meadows. 2001. The role of stand modification in maintaining the health of southern forests: present and future. In Proceedings Southern Forest Science Conference. (In Press, extended 4 page abstract). MAFES Contribution No. PS9907.
  • Nebeker, T. E. 2002. Integrated forest pest management. Chapter IV -Crop Production Systems - Section D Forestry: CAST - Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Integrated Pest Management Report. MAFES Contribution No. PS9941 (In Press).
  • Nebeker, T. E., T. D. Leineger and J. S. Meadows. 2002. Thinning southern bottomland hardwood stands: insect and disease considerations. Fredrickson, L. (ed). Ecology and Management of Bottomland Hardwood Systems: The State of our Understanding. (In Press). MAFES Contribution No. PS9907.


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
Objectives and results for 2000 were as follows: 1) to develop a monitoring and prediction system for the cottonwood leaf beetle, CLB, in hybrid poplar plantations and nurseries. Data regarding CLB population dynamics, severity of damage to trees, and tests of various trap types have been collected and analyzed. A preliminary model for the prediction of CLB life-stages, based upon degree-days, has also been developed; a new mortality agent was identified for the first time. A root-feeding aphid was determined to be causing mortality to newly planted hybrid poplars on a sandy site. 2) to determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality, and disturbance over forested landscapes. Study sites located in hybrid poplar plantations in Mississippi and Arkansas were flown and photographed. These study sites were also ground mapped through the use of a GPS unit for geo-referencing purposes; 3) to determine the effect of pine and hardwood stand modification and periodic flooding on insect and disease communities. Mature bottomland hardwood stands subjected to thinning treatments, along with un-thinned controls and an old-growth stand, were sampled for wood-boring beetles and ground beetles. Stands were surveyed for the presence of insect damage and disease signs and symptoms.

Impacts
Refined prediction and detection systems (degree- day models, remote-sensing technologies) could lead to the development of more accurate and cost-efficient control measures for the CLB. Based on the close monitoring of hybrid poplar plantations potential new agents of destruction are being discovered. Evaluation of the impact that thinning has upon insect and disease populations in bottomland hardwood stands will provide valuable information to land managers and the forest products industry regarding management of this resource.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
Objectives and results for 1999 were as follows: 1) to develop a monitoring and prediction system for the cottonwood leaf beetle, CLB, in eastern cottonwood plantations and nurseries. Data regarding CLB population dynamics, severity of damage to trees, and tests of various trap types have been collected and analyzed. A preliminary model for the prediction of CLB life-stages, based upon degree-days, has also been developed; 2) to determine and demonstrate remote sensing capabilities in detecting and monitoring defoliation, mortality, and disturbance over forested landscapes. Study sites located in eastern cottonwood plantations in Mississippi and Arkansas were flown and photographed. These study sites were also ground mapped through the use of a GPS unit for georeferencing purposes; 3) to determine the effect of pine and hardwood stand modification and periodic flooding on insect and disease communities. Mature bottomland hardwood stands subjected to thinning treatments, along with unthinned controls and an old-growth stand, were sampled for wood-boring beetles and ground beetles. Stands were surveyed for the presence of insect damage and disease signs and symptoms.

Impacts
Refined prediction and detection systems (degree-day models, remote-sensing technologies) could lead to the development of more accurate and cost-efficient control measures for the CLB. Evaluation of the impact that thinning has upon insect and disease populations in bottomland hardwood stands will provide valuable information to land managers and the forest products industry as regards management of this resource.

Publications

  • Nebeker, T.E., T.D. Leininger, and J.S. Meadows. 1999. Silvicultural practices in forest of the southern United States: insect and disease considerations. In Haywood, J.D. (ed.) Proceedings of the tenth biennial southern silvicultural research conference. 1999 February 16-18; Shreveport, LA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-30. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 618 p.