Weed Management in Irrigated and Dryland Cropping Systems and Weed Control Programs for Biodiesel Fuel Production

WEED MANAGEMENT IN IRRIGATED AND DRYLAND CROPPING SYSTEMS AND WEED CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR BIODIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION

Sponsoring Institution

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Project Status

TERMINATED

Funding Source

HATCH

Reporting Frequency

Annual

Accession No.

0206689

Grant No.

(N/A)

Project No.

MONB00654

Proposal No.

(N/A)

Multistate No.

(N/A)

Program Code

(N/A)

Project Start Date

Oct 1, 2005

Project End Date

Sep 30, 2010

Grant Year

(N/A)

Project Director
King, S. R.

Recipient Organization
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
BOZEMAN,MT 59717

Performing Department
SOUTHERN AGRI RES CENTER

Non Technical Summary
New weed control management strategies, utilization of herbicide-resistant crops, and registration of new agrichemical compounds will be critical for the viability of agriculture in the future. The goal of this project is to provide applied, field oriented research that will benefit the citizens of Montana, especially those whom derive their income from agricultural production.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

(N/A)

Applied

95%

Developmental

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
213	1540	1140	20%
213	1541	1140	20%
213	1550	1140	10%
213	1610	1140	10%
213	1899	1140	10%
213	2010	1140	20%
213	2300	1140	10%

Knowledge Area
213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1550 - Barley; 1610 - Pasture; 1899 - Oilseed and oil crops, general/other; 2010 - Sugar beet; 1540 - Hard red winter wheat; 1541 - Hard red spring wheat; 2300 - Weeds;

Field Of Science
1140 - Weed science;

Keywords

Goals / Objectives
1. Evaluate weed control programs in herbicide-resistant sugar beets and to quantify if there is an economic advantage to adopting this technology over standard weed control programs currently utilized in conventional sugar beet hybrids. 2. Determine efficacious weed control programs for crops grown for biodiesel production. Primary emphasis will be directed toward establishing an effective herbicide program for weed control in a wheat-camelina-fallow rotation. 3. Evaluate integrated weed management strategies with registered and experimental herbicides for the irrigated and dryland production systems of south-central Montana.

Project Methods
All experiments will be conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center in Huntley, Montana. Objective 1. The experiment will consist of a total of 18 treatments with four replications applied to a glyphosate-resistant sugar beet variety. The experimental design will be a split-plot RCB with the main-plot factors being either glyphosate or conventional herbicide programs. Each herbicide program will contain a PRE treatment of ethofumesate alone, and a hand-weeded and nontreated control. In the glyphosate-based herbicide program, glyphosate will be applied 1, 2, 3, or 4 times with or without a PRE treatment of ethofumesate. In the conventional herbicide program, desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus triflusulfuron plus clopyralid will be applied 1, 2, 3, or 4 times with or without a PRE treatment of ethofumesate. Weed control will be evaluated throughout the growing season. Weed control, sugar beet yield and quality will be subjected to analysis of variance, and significance of main effects and interactions will be determined. Means will be separated using Fishers protected LSD test at the 5% level of probability. Economic returns will be calculated in a manner similar to Kniss et al. 2004. Objective 2. Experiments will be conducted in two non-irrigated locations. The first location will be planted to wheat and will have a variety of registered herbicides applied for weed control. In the second year of this study, camelina will be planted with a no-till drill into the standing wheat stubble perpendicular to the plots where herbicides were applied the previous year. Camelina tolerance to herbicide residues will be evaluated. In the second location, camelina will be planted into a fallow location and a variety of herbicides that have potential for weed control in this crop will be applied and weed control and crop phytotoxicity will be evaluated. Experiments will be designed in a RCB with four replications. Weed control will be evaluated visually. Crop tolerance will be evaluated visually and by collecting crop yield data. Weed control and camelina yield will be subjected to analysis of variance and means will be separated using Fishers protected LSD test at the 5% level of probability. Greenhouse experiments will be used to help identify potential herbicides for weed control in biodiesel crops that presently have limited herbicide options, such as camelina and safflower. In these experiments, seed will be planted into 10-cm pots containing commercial potting media and thinned to 1 to 3 plants per pot. Greenhouse experiments will be conducted in a factorial design. Factors within the design will typically include herbicide, herbicide rate, and crop species. Phytotoxicity will be visually evaluated, and biomass reduction will be determined 60 days after application. Objective 3. Experiments will evaluate new weed control strategies and herbicide efficacy with registered and experimental herbicides in wheat, barley, sugar beet, corn, dry beans, and alfalfa. Weed control will be visually estimated or by sampling weed biomass. Crop tolerance will be visually estimated and by collecting crop yield data.

Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Projects were designed to answer the questions and concerns of the farmers and ranchers in Montana. The main focus of the weed science program was to provide information that could be utilized by growers in order to produce a economically viable crop. Herbicide efficacy and economic returns were priorities, however integrated management to maintain the longevity of these herbicides was also stressed. Herbicide resistance development is of concern in the region and steps to avoid or minimize the occurance of resistance were investigated. Growers were informed of results of experiments through field days and extension meetings. Results included information on the production of glyphosate resistant sugar beets and appropriate herbicide programs to utilize. Production of camelina and evaluation of herbicides that could potentially be used for weed control in this crop. Evaluation of new agrichemical compounds for weed control in crops grown in Montana was also conducted. Results of these experiments were shared with these companies to help facillitate registration. PARTICIPANTS: Steven R. King, Joy Garcia, Nicholas Reichard, and Mary Brennan Lollis worked cooperatively on many of these projects. Partner organizations included western sugar, Montana wheat and barley, and approximately 15 different agrichemical companies TARGET AUDIENCES: Main target audience was farmers and ranchers in Montana. The other target audience was agrichemical personnel would also conduct business in Montana. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Project will be terminated due to project director taken another job.

Impacts
Results of research was shared with growers throughout Montana at field days and extension meetings. Research was discussed at over 30 extension meetings throughout the state of Montana. These results impact how growers produce a crop and their net income. Research has shown how to properly utilize herbicides in the production of glyphosate-resistant sugarbeets. Data drawn from camelina experiments was influential for the registation of sethoxydim for control of grass species in camelina. Research conducted on more than 10 experimental herbicide compounds was shared with agrichemical companies and data helped with the registration of these compounds.

Publications

King, S. R. 2008. Control of glyphosate resistant alfalfa with herbicides. Proc. West. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:20.
King, S. R., S. Seefeldt, M. Anderson, C. Alford, and J. OBarr. 2008. Herbicide resistance in the western United States. Proc. West. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:21.
King, S. R. 2008. Evaluation of weed control programs in glyphosate-resistant sugar beets. Proc. WSSA. 48:153.
King, S. R. 2007. Weed control programs in glyphosate-resistant sugar beets. Proc. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Tech. 34:116.
King, S. R. 2007. Effect of mesosulfuron rate and formulation on wild oat (Avena fatua) control and malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) injury and yield. Proc. WSSA. 47:3.
Technical Reports, Bulletins, and Guide Sheets. 2007
Hite, G. A., S. R. King, and E. S. Hagood. 2007. Response of selected Virginia common lambsquarters biotypes (Chenopodium album) to glyphosate. Proc. WSSA. 47:22.
Kephart, K. D., S. R. King, G. B. Opena, J. O. Garcia, T. L. Balzer, and T. A. Fischer. 2007. Results of agronomic research conducted in south-central Montana- 2006. The annual report of the investigations and administration at the Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, Montana. WWW publication: http:www.sarc.montana.edu/annualreports/2006
ONeill, R., S. Blodgett, and S. R. King. 2006. Montana alfalfa seed management pocket guide.
Selected Abstracts. 2008
King, S. R. and K. B. Thorsness. 2006. Control of downy brome in winter wheat with propoxycarbazone and mesosulfuron. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 61:41.
King, S. R., R. L. Ritter, E. S. Hagood, Jr., and H. Menbere. 2006. Control of sorghum species in field corn with KIH-485. Proc. WSSA. 46:3.
King, S. R. 2005. Efficacy of glyphosate applied alone or in combination with carfentrazone ethyl on four annual weed species. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 60:61.
King, S. R. 2005. Utilization of Clearfield technology for weed control in winter and spring wheat. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 60:204.
King, S. R and E. S. Hagood, Jr. 2005. Curly dock and dandelion control in alfalfa. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:74.
King, S. R., E. S. Hagood, Jr., and P. L. Burch. 2005. Aminopyralid: Fit in Mid-Atlantic pasture management. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 58:266.
King, S. R., E. S. Hagood, Jr., and P. L. Hipkins. 2005. Herbicide programs for the control of ALS-resistant shattercane in corn. Proc. WSSA. 45:4.
Refereed King, S. R. and E. S. Hagood, Jr. 2005. Effect of surfactants and small grain herbicides on the efficacy of AE F130060 03 plus AE F107892 in barley. Weed Technol. 19:372-379.
King S. R. and E. S. Hagood. 2006. Herbicide programs for the control of ALS-resistant shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol. 20:416 421.
King, S. R, R. L. Ritter, E. S. Hagood, Jr., and H. Menbere. 2007. Control of ALS-resistant shattercane (Sorghum halepense) in field corn (Zea mays) with KIH-485. Weed Technol. 21:578-582.
King, S. R. 2007. Effect of mesosulfuron rate and formulation on wild oat (Avena fatua) control and malt barley (Hordeum vulgare) injury. Weed Technol. 21:771-776.
Hite, G., S. R. King, E. S. Hagood, Jr., and G. I. Holtzman. 2008. Differential response of a common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) collection to glyphosate. Weed Sci. 56: In press.
King, S. R. and J. O. Garcia. 2008. Annual broadleaf weed control with KIH-485 in glyphosate-resistant furrow-irrigated corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol.

Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities. Conducted 60 individual field trials in irrigated and dryland crops grown in south-central Montana. Events. I was a speaker at 15 grower meetings/field days in Montana where results and experiments were discussed with farmers, ranchers and agricultural service personnel. Services. I was a speaker at several pesticide recertification meetings for the state of Montana. I also participated in grower meetings for the Western Sugar Cooperative and discussed glyphosate-tolerant sugar beets and the impact that this technology will have on weed control. I have also been involved in gathering data in order to facilitate the registration of herbicides for the use in an new oilseed crop, camelina. One of the products that was produced was the report that contained results of research conducted in 2007. This report can be located at http://www.sarc.montana.edu/annualreports/2006/. PARTICIPANTS: Steven R. King was the PI of this project. Josefina O. Garcia was the research associate that helped establish, maintain, and evaluate trials as well as compile results and conduct statistical analyses. Nicholas Reichard was the research assistant for the project. He helped establish and maintain the trials. He also provided general labor that was needed to conduct the project. Two grower groups also worked with the PI these included the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee and the Western Sugar Cooperative. Many different agricultural chemical companies also helped support this project. These companies include:BASF, Monsanto, Bayer CropScience, Dow AgroSciences, Gowan, Syngenta, and Arysta. The PI cooperated with several other faculty on campus. Cooperating faculty include Fabian Menalled, Bill Dyer, Edward Davis, and Mary Burrows. The PI has also participated in programs sponsered by the Montana Department of agriculture and has been a speaker at several recertification courses. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences for this project include farmers, ranchers, land managers, and agricultural service personnel in Montana. These audiences were reached through extension meetings, field days, and through research published on the MSU-SARC web site. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The PI does not plan to implement any major changes to achieve the goals of the project.

Impacts
Results of my research will have an effect on the weed control programs that producers utilize in south-central Montana. I have evaluated new and experimental herbicides that will be available for retail sale this year. Through my presentations, information was disseminated to growers on how to best utilize these new herbicides. Another major outcome was discussing with growers the most appropriate herbicide programs to implement in glyphosate-tolerant sugar beets. Data from my research has also been utilized in the application to the IR-4 program for the registration of a herbicide for use in camelina.

Publications

King, S. R, R. L. Ritter, E. S. Hagood, Jr., and H. Menbere. 2007. Control of ALS resistant shattercane in field corn with KIH-485. Weed Technol. 21:578-582.
King, S. R. 2007. Effect of mesosulfuron rate and formulation on wild oat control and malt barley injury. Weed Technol. 21:771-776.
King, S. R. 2007. Effect of mesosulfuron rate and formulation on wild oat control and malt barley injury. 2007 WSSA on line abstracts 3.
Hite, G., S. R. King, and E. S. Hagood. 2007. Differential response of a common lambsquarters biotype to glyphosate. 2007 WSSA on line abstracts 22.
Hite, G., E. S. Hagood, J. Faircloth, and S. R. King. 2007. Differential response of a common lambsquarters biotype to glyphosate. Proc. Beltwide cotton conf. Abstract:6660.
King, S. R. 2007. Weed control programs in glyphosate resistant sugar beets. Am. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol. Proc. 34:116-117.
King, S. R. 2007. Tolerance of Camelina sativa to preemergence and postemergence herbicide applications. Proc West. Soc. Weed Sci. 60:66.
King, S. R. 2007. Annual broadleaf weed control with KIH-485 in glyphosate-resistant corn. Proc West. Soc. Weed Sci.. 60:26.

Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
Progress will be described for each of the three objectives. For objective 1 an experiment was conducted to evaluate postemergence (POST) weed control programs for the control of kochia (Kochia scoparia), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus) in glyphosate-resistant sugar beets. Results indicated that the glyphosate-based herbicide program provided superior weed control compared to the conventional herbicide program when the number of applications was equal. Generally, the glyphosate-based program also produced greater yields than the conventional program when the number of applications was equal. For objective 2, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment evaluated a variety of herbicides to determine the tolerance of camelina to these products. Results indicated that there are several herbicides that have the potential to be utilized in camelina for weed control, however additional research needs to be conducted to confirm these results. In the second experiment, herbicides that are typically used for weed control in wheat were applied to spring wheat. This year camelina will be planted into these plots to determine if camelina will be injured from herbicide residues applied in the previous year. For objective 3 forty four additional weed control experiments were conducted. Of these forty four experiments: eighteen were in spring wheat, five in winter wheat, five in malt barley, two in sugarbeet, one in field corn, three in alfalfa, one in pinto bean, five fallow or noncrop, and four were carryover experiments.

Impacts
Weed control research conducted at the Southern Agricultural Research Center (SARC) is predominately focused on crops grown in the irrigated and dryland areas located in nine south central Montana counties. In 2003, the combined revenue from crop and livestock in these counties totaled $476 million, representing about 21% of the total state agricultural production. Crops grown in this region of the state include winter and spring wheat, malt and feed barley, sugar beet, dry bean, silage and field corn, alfalfa and hay. For successful crop production in this region of the state, the use of selective herbicides for weed control is an essential component. Weeds such as wild oat, kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and others compete with crops for light, water, and nutrients and can reduce crop yield and quality. Therefore, by determining efficacious weed control methods that result in small increases in crop revenue, millions of dollars can be contributed to the economy of this region. Although the majority of the experiments conducted in my research program are focused on southcentral Montana, many of the strategies derived from the research can be incorporated in other areas of the state. I have also been involved in extension activities describing my research results to growers in Montana. These presentations were conducted at both county and regional commodity meetings throughout the state on a variety of different subjects, including weed control in camelina, glyphosate-tolerant sugar beets, and herbicide updates.

Publications

King S. R. and E. S. Hagood. 2006. Herbicide programs for the control of ALS resistant shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol.20:416 421.
King, S. R., E. S. Hagood, R. L. Ritter, and H. Menbere. 2006. Control of sorghum species in field corn with KIH 485. Proc. WSSA. 46:3.
King, S. R. 2006. Weed control in furrow-irrigated corn with KIH 485 and glyphosate. Proc. West. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:86.
King, S. R. 2006. Wild oat (Avena fatua) control with mesosulfuron methyl in malt barley (Hordeum vulgare). Proc. West. Weed Sci. Soc. 59:89.
King, S. R. and K. B. Thorsness. 2006. Control of downy brome in winter wheat with propoxycarbazone and mesosulfuron. Proc Northcentral. Weed Sci. Soc. 61:in press.
Kephart, K. D., S. R. King, G. B. Opena, Q. A. Khan, T. L. Balzer and T. A. Fischer. 2006. Results of agronomic research conducted in southcentral Montana 2005. The annual report of the investigations and administration at the Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, Montana. WWW publication@http://www.sarc.montana.edu/annualreports/2005/.