Source: KANSAS STATE UNIV submitted to
INTEGRATING BIOTECHNOLOGY WITH CULTURAL AND CHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN FIELD CROPS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0217946
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
KS431
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2009
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Stahlman, P.
Recipient Organization
KANSAS STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MANHATTAN,KS 66506
Performing Department
KSU Agriculture Research Center-Hays
Non Technical Summary
Weeds are one of the major threats to profitable farming systems. Sustainable production on intensely farmed land depends on the integration of advancements in biotechnology with sound cultural practices and the efficient use of chemicals and fertilizers. Mono-cropping and single component control strategies allow weeds to adapt and avoid control. The rapid and widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant crops has fundamentally changed weed control strategies and has resulted in dramatic shifts in weed spectrum. New and refined IWM strategies are needed. The proposed research will increase knowledge and understanding of agro-ecology, weed-crop interactions, and how biological and environmental processes interact to affect crop production and weed management; contribute to the development and examine the benefits and risks of new weed management technologies; and improve the economic sustainability of conservation tillage farming systems.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2131510114020%
2131520114025%
2131540114025%
2131844114030%
Knowledge Area
213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1844 - Sunflower; 1520 - Grain sorghum; 1540 - Hard red winter wheat; 1510 - Corn;

Field Of Science
1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
1)Evaluate integrated weed management (IWM) strategies for field crops in semi-arid environments, including characterization of the biology of troublesome weed species and factors affecting competitiveness. 2)Characterize how herbicide use pattern affects weed control, weed population dynamics, and changes or shifts in weed populations or spectrums, including management strategies to address weed spectrum shifts. 3)Evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems.
Project Methods
Field experiments will be conducted at the KSU Agricultural Research Center-Hays, the Northwest Research-Extension Center at Colby, or occasionally on farmer cooperator fields in western Kansas to gain new knowledge and contribute to (1) improved understanding of crop-weed interactions, improved weed management guidelines, and improved accuracy of decision aid models; (2) an assessment of risks and benefits of herbicide-resistant crops in agricultural cropping systems and impact of their continuous widespread use on the agro-ecosystem; (3) use of multiple tactics to manipulate weed-crop associations that favor the crop at the expense of weeds; and (4) the development and label use recommendations for new herbicides and previously registered herbicides having potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Studies will investigate the influence of weed density, time of weed emergence relative to the crop, and duration of weed competition on crop yield and quality; investigate interactions between crop morphology (hybrid plant architecture), population density, row spacing, and herbicide treatment on weed population dynamics, control, and crop yield; monitor weed populations over a period of years to assess the consequences of multiple annual application of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant crops; determine the effects of soil fertility on Palmer amaranth biology, competitiveness with sunflower, and susceptibility to herbicidal control; and evaluate the efficacy, crop safety, and potential carryover of experimental herbicides in agronomic crops as affected by method and timing of application, rates, adjuvants, and tank mixtures. Most field experiments will be conducted more than one year and possibly at more than one location to expose the experimental variables to a range of environmental and edaphic conditions. Preliminary and/or supplemental greenhouse/growth chamber experiments will be conducted to help confirm, refine, and/or better understand physiological and ecological processes.

Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Public and private research scientists and extension personnel, agribusiness professionals, commodity organizations, trade associations, crop advisors, producer groups and individuls were reached through individual communication; presentations at workshops, field days, tours, and professional meetings; extension bulletins, scientific abstracts and referred journal articles. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Multiple training sessions were provided to a new research assistant and one graduate student and less frequent training for two additional graduate students. The project leader attended annual meetings of the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, National Sunflower Association Research Forum, North Central Weed Science Society, Weed Science Society of America, and Western Society of Weed Science, and three industry academic summits. All members of the weed science project attended a seminar on harvest weed seed control by Australian scientists and farmers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Information was disseminated via individual communication and presentations at workshops, field days, tours, and professional meetings and through extension bulletins, scientific abstracts and referred journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Contributions were made to the development and expected commercialization of grain sorghum resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Multiple field trials showed that liquid-formulated nicosulfuron (tradename Zest) provided greater than 80% control of emerged green foxtail but mixing with atrazine, 2,4-D, dicamba or Huskie herbicide was necessary to obtain control of emerged broadleaf weeds. Tank mixing liquid nicosulfuron with dicamba or 2,4-d caused sorghum injury, whereas mixing with atrazine or Huskie did not. Applications of herbicide products containing sulfentrazone or isoxaflutole in late November or early December were just as effective as when those herbicides were applied in early March for control of kochia in fallow and preplant to spring-planted row crops. The importance of this finding is that field conditions are less likely to be wet enough to prevent application in late fall than in early spring. However, commercial products differed greatly in residual control of Palmer amaranth. Shallow tillage in late-February was similarly or more effective than early-spring herbicide application for kochia control preplant to soybeans. Greenhouse testing of selected kochia populations from western Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle confirmed the presence of low level resistance to dicamba in addition to resistance to glyphosate.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, B.W. Bean, and T. Dozier. 2014. Grain sorghum response and Palmer amaranth control with postemergence application of fluthiacet-methyl. International Journal of Pest Management [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2014.934407.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Jugulam M., K. Niehues, A. Godar, D. Koo, T. Danilova, B. F., S. Sehgal, V. Varanasi, A. Wiersma, P. Westra, P. Stahlman, and B. Gill. 2014. Tandem amplification of a chromosomal segment harboring EPSPS locus confers glyphosate resistance in Kochia scoparia. Plant Physiology [online] http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.242826.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Dille, D., P. Stahlman, P. Geier, R. Currie, R. Wilson, G. Sbatella, A. Kniss, and P. Westra. 2014. Kochia seedbank dynamics in central Great Plains of the U.S. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. #229, Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C. Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, KS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Godar, A.S., V.K. Varanasi, R.S. Currie, A. Dille, C.R. Thompson, P.W. Stahlman, and J. Mithila. 2014. Target-site and non-target-site based multiple herbicide resistance in kochia from Kansas. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #26, Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO. Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stahlman, P.W. 2014. CAST: Communicating credible science in the information age. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #53, Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO. Western Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lindenmayer, B., P. Westra, P. Stahlman. G. Kruger, E. Davis, K. Howatt, A. Franssen, G. Pastushok, and L. Glascow. Controlling glyphosate-resistant kochia in key cropping systems. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #87, Annual Meeting, Annual Meeting, Coloradp Springs, CO. Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stahlman, P.W. and A.S. Godar. 2014. Evolution of glyphosate resistant kochia in Kansas. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #116, Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO. Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Dille, A., A.R. Esser, P.W. Stahlman, P. Westra, A.R. Kniss, R.G. Wilson, and R.S. Currie. 2014. Impact of seedbank life on kochia population dynamics. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #120, Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO. Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Obour, A.K and P.W. Stahlman. 2014. Soil acidity and nutrient stratification as affected by long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Long Beach, CA, November 2-5, 2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hewitt, C.A., J.A. Dille, P.W. Stahlman and C.R. Thompson. 2014. Weed suppression with narrow rows and high seeding rates in grain sorghum. Proc. N. Centr. Weed. Sci. Soc. Abst #66, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. North Central Weed Science Society, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stahlman, P.W. and A.S. Godar. 2014. Update on herbicide resistance in kochia in the central Great Plains. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. #251, Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C. Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, KS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Brachtenbach, D.A. and P.W. Stahlman. 2014. Kochia resistance to dicamba: Whole plant response vs. In-Vitro screening. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #22, Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO. Western Society of Weed Science, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Godar A.S., V.K. Varanasi, R.S. Currie, J.A. Dille, C.R. Thompson, P.W. Stahlman, and J. Mithila. 2014. Mechanism of multiple herbicide resistance in kochia (Kochia scoparia). Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. #102, Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C. Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, KS.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Osipitan, O.A., J.A. Dille, P.W. Stahlman, D.C. Hartnett and A.K. Fritz. 2014. Ecological fitness of glyphosate resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia). Proc. N. Centr. Weed. Sci. Soc. Abst #73, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. North Central Weed Science Society, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Brachtenbach, D.A., P.W. Stahlman and M. Jugulam. 2014. Susceptibility of multiple kochia (Kochia scoparia) populations to dicamba. Proc. N. Centr. Weed. Sci. Soc. Abst #182, Annual Meeting, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. North Central Weed Science Society, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Thompson, C.R., R.S. Currie, P.W. Stahlman, A.J. Schlegal, G. Cramer, D.E. Peterson, and J.L. Jester. 2014. Using Inzen Z sorghum to manage annual grasses postemergence. Proc. N. Centr. Weed. Sci. Soc. Abst #204, Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. North Central Weed Science Society, Las Cruces, NM.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Obour, A.K. and P.W. Stahlman. 2014. Long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilizer application effects on crop yields and precipitation use efficiency in a wheat-sorghum cropping system.. Proc. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conf. 15:6-11, Denver, CO.


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Basic and expletory research findings that facilitate development of new concepts, strategies, or products were targeted to research and extension colleagues, industry research and development personnel, commodity organizations, producer groups and individuals. Applied research findings having direct or immediate application will be targeted to research and extension colleagues and producers via presentations at workshops, seminars, field days and tours and through the publication and distribution of extension bulletins, circulars, and handouts. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Information was communicated to collaborators, other public and private scientists, and the general public through interviews, oral presentations at extension and professional meetings, handouts, abstracts, proceedings, and referred journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Multiple field experiments contributed to the development and registration of new herbicides and generated basic and applied knowledge needed to promote adoption of new technology, techniques, and to initiate change in crop production practices. Contributions were made to the development and expected commercialization of grain sorghum resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides, pyroxasulfone herbicide for potential use in sunflower, and traits conferring resistance to 2,4-D and dicamba in corn and soybeans. In greenhouse testing, 37 kochia populations from western Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle collected in fall 2012 showed varied response to glyphosate, from slightly elevated tolerance to resistance to 0.84 kg ae ha-1 glyphosate. Further analysis suggested these populations were at different stages of resistance evolution. Levels of shikimate accumulation in leaf discs correlated well with the EPSPS gene copy across all glyphosate concentrations and incubation times (R2 = 0.52 to 0.88). Plants with more copies of EPSPS gene generally accumulated less shikimate. Nominal differences in absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate observed between glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible populations likely did not contribute to differential response of these populations to glyphosate. Greenhouse testing also showed low-level resistance to 0.42 kg ae ha-1 dicamba in 20 of 32 of the same 2012 kochia populations tested for glyphosate resistance and mid-level or greater resistance to dicamba in six of the 32 populations. Ten field trials over two years found that premixed pyrosulfotole and bromoxynil plus atrazine with or without 2,4-D or dicamba selectively controls several broadleaf weeds in grain sorghum. Foliar bleaching of sorghum leaves can occur but the symptoms are transient, and grain sorghum yields are not likely to be reduced. Field experiments were conducted in western Kansas in field crops and fallow to address one or more project objectives: (1) develop integrated weed management (IWM) practices for minimum-till and no-till cropping systems to provide economic stability while minimizing environmental risks; (2) determine how herbicide use pattern influences weed control, weed population dynamics, or leads to development of herbicide resistant weed biotypes, and (3) evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Nearly 80 field experiments were conducted, analyzed and summary reports written. Many of the experiments focused on kochia (Kochia scoparia) control in corn, fallow, soybeans, and sunflowers and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control in sunflower. Greenhouse experiments tested several kochia and Palmer amaranth populations for resistance to glyphosate and dicamba herbicides. Events. The principal investigator was interviewed 15 times by print and broadcast media personnel, spoke at 14 tours/field days/industry workshops, and two international professional conferences. The principal investigator, research assistants, and affiliated graduate students and collaborating colleagues gave 19 oral and poster presentations at professional meetings. Services. The principal investigator advised four multinational companies on research protocols, served as President of the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, served on committees and/or Boards of Directors of three professional organizations and the National Sunflower Association; served as the research advisor of M.S. (1) and Ph.D. (1) students and served on the advisory committee of five other graduate students; performed nine peer reviews of journal manuscripts and one book proposal, participated in a multi-university delegation to assess progress and capital needs of five universities in Ethiopia, and was featured in a professional video on the evolution and management of glyphosate-resistant weeds to educate growers in western Canada; and provided extension outreach locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Products. Continued collaborations with scientists in other states to investigate the biology and mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in kochia and development of pyroxasulfone herbicide for use in cultivated sunflower.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Godar, A.S., Stahlman, P.W., and Dille, J.A. 2013. Efficacy of tribenuron alone and following preemergence herbicides in tribenuron-resistant sunflower. Online. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2013-0621-01-RS. (Student paper). Online at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/cm/research/2013/tribenuron/ Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2013. Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and broadleaf weed control in winter wheat with acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Agronomy 2013, 3, 340-348; doi:10.3390/agronomy3020340. Online at http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/3/2/340/pdf Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, L.D. Charvat, R.G. Wilson, and M.J. Moechnig. 2013. Tolerance of foxtail, proso, and pearl millets to saflufenacil. Crop Protection (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.12.002. Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, C.R. Thompson, R.S. Currie, A.J. Schlagel, B.L. Olson, and N.G. Lally. 2013. Weed control and crop safety with premixed pyrasulfotole and bromoxynil in grain sorghum. Weed Technol. 27:664-670.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Currie, R., J. Jester, C. Thompson, and P. Stahlman. 2013. Kochia Control with Increasing Rates of Dicamba Followed by Tank mixes of Paraquat. SWREC Field Day Report. SPR 1088, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan. 89 pp. Dumler, T., R. Currie, C. Thompson, P. Stahlman, and A. Schlegel. 2013. Economics of Tillage Options for Glyphosate-resistant Kochia. SWREC Field Day Report. SPR 1088, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan. 89 pp. Stahlman, P.W., A.S. Godar, P. Westra, and D.A. Brachtenbach. 2013. Distribution and management of glyphosate-resistant kochia in the central Great Plains of the United States. Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge Conference, Fremantle, Western Australia, February 18-23, 2013. Pg 31.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dille, A., P. Stahlman, P. Geier, R. Currie, R. Wilson, G. Sbatella, A. Kniss, and P. Westra. 2013. Field persistence of kochia seed in the central Great Plains. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. #87. http://wssaabstracts.com/public/index.php?conf=17 Currie, R.S., C.R. Thompson, and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Preemergence dicamba dose response curves for kochia control followed by paraquat tank mixes. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #157. http://wssaabstracts.com/public/18/abstract-157.html Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, M. Jugulam, and A. Dille. 2013. Kochia populations response to glyphosate and EPSPS gene copy number. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. #134. http://www.ncwss.org/proceed/NCWSS-2013-Proceedings.pdf Godar, A.S. and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Dose-response analysis of glyphosate-resistant kochia populations in greenhouse and outdoor conditions. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #50. http://wssaabstracts.com/public/18/abstract-50.html Godar, A.S. and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Prevalence of glyphosate-resistant kochia in Kansas and effectiveness of alternative management. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #156. http://wssaabstracts.com/public/18/abstract-156.html Mithila, J., A.S. Godar, R.S. Currie, A. Dille, C.R. Thompson, and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Multiple herbicide-resistant kochia from Kansas. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. #58. http://www.ncwss.org/proceed/NCWSS-2013-Proceedings.pdf Lindenmayer, B., P. Forster, L. Glascow, P. Westra, and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Glyphosate-resistant kochia: herbicide solutions for a growing problem. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #159. http://wssaabstracts.com/public/18/abstract-159.html Stahlman, P.W. 2013. Current and future perspective: update from CAST. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. #97. http://www.ncwss.org/proceed/NCWSS-2013-Proceedings.pdf Westra, P., A. Wiersma, J. Leach, A.S.N. Reddy, and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Regional and whole plant EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate resistant kochia. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. #113. Online at http://wssaabstracts.com/public/18/abstract-113.html Peterson, D., R. Currie, A. Dille, J. Falk, P. Geier, M. Jugulam, D. Shoup, P. Stahlman, and C. Thompson. 2013. Glyphosate Stewardship: Optimizing and Preserving Glyphosate Performance. MF2767, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, Manhattan. 8 pp. Geier, P.W. and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Preemergence weed control in fallow. WSWS Research Reports. Geier, P.W. and P.W. Stahlman. 2013. Tembotrione and pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil postemergence for kochia control in fallow. WSWS Research Reports. Geier, P.W., P.W. Stahlman, and D.A. Brachtenbach. 2013. Herbicide and spray volume effects on glyphosate-resistant kochia in fallow. WSWS Research Reports. Geier, P.W., P.W. Stahlman, and S.S. Reddy. 2013. Glyphosate-resistant kochia control with postemergence herbicides in fallow. WSWS Research Reports. Stahlman, P.W. and S.S. Reddy. 2013. Effectiveness of Zidua-Based Treatments for Palmer Amaranth Control in Sunflower in Kansas. National Sunflower Association website http://www.sunflowernsa.com/uploads/research/1212/stahlman_zidua.palmer_13.pdf Stahlman, P.W. and S.S. Reddy. 2013. Weed Control in Sunflower with Broadaxe. National Sunflower Association website http://www.sunflowernsa.com/uploads/research/1213/stahlman_broadaxe_13.pdf


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities. Field experiments were conducted in western Kansas in field crops and fallow to address one or more project objectives: (1) develop integrated weed management (IWM) practices for minimum-till and no-till cropping systems to provide economic stability while minimizing environmental risks; (2) determine how herbicide use pattern influences weed control, weed population dynamics, or leads to development of herbicide resistant weed biotypes, and (3) evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Nearly 80 field experiments were conducted, analyzed and summary reports written. Many of the experiments focused on kochia (Kochia scoparia) control in corn, fallow, soybeans, and sunflowers and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmerii) control in sunflower. Greenhouse experiments tested several kochia and Palmer amaranth populations for resistance to glyphosate herbicide. An online survey of 52 crop consultants in western Kansas documented the development of glyphosate resistance in kochia, the distribution, intensity of infestation, and changes in management practices used to control kochia during the previous five years. Events. The principal investigator was interviewed 17 times by print and broadcast media personnel, spoke at 22 tours/field days/industry workshops, and attended two national professional conferences. The principal investigator, research assistants, and affiliated graduate students and collaborating colleagues gave 20 oral and poster presentations at professional meetings. Services. The principal investigator consulted and advised two multinational companies; served on committees and/or Boards of Directors of three professional organizations and the National Sunflower Association; served as the research advisor of one Ph.D. student and served on the advisory committee of five other graduate students; performed five peer reviews of journal manuscripts and two external peer reviews for promotion and tenure; and provided extension outreach locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Products. Continued and in some instances strengthened collaborations with scientists in other states to investigate the biology and mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in kochia and development of pyroxasulfone herbicide for use in cultivated sunflower. Dissemination. Information was communicated to collaborators, other public and private scientists, and the general public through interviews, oral presentations at extension and professional meetings, handouts, abstracts, proceedings, and referred journal articles. PARTICIPANTS: Principal individual contributors were P. Geier and S. Reddy, Assistant Scientists, and M. Eckroat, Plant Science Technician along with graduate research assistant A. Godar. Kansas State University faculty collaborators were: R. Aiken, R. Currie, J. Dille, J. Falk, K. Harmoney, M. Jugulam, D. Peterson, D. Shoup and C. Thompson. Collaborators from other institutions include: K. Al-Khatib, UC-Davis; K. Howatt, B. Jenks and R. Zollinger, North Dakota State University; A. Kniss, University of Wyoming; P. Westra, Colorado State University; R. Wilson, University of Nebraska; M. Moechnig, South Dakota State University; D. Shaner, J. Benjamin and M. Mikha, USDA/ARS. Partner organizations included: Arysta LifeSciences; BASF Corporation; Bayer Agricultural Division; Dow AgroSciences; DuPont & Co; FMC Corporation; Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; Kansas Soybean Commission; Kansas Sunflower Commission; Monsanto Ag Products Co; National Sunflower Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred Co.; Syngenta Crop Protection; Rohm & Haas Inc.; and Valent USA Corp. TARGET AUDIENCES: Basic and expletory research findings that facilitate development of new concepts, strategies, or products were targeted to research and extension colleagues, industry research and development personnel, commodity organizations, producer groups and individuals. Applied research findings having direct or immediate application will be targeted to research and extension colleagues and producers via presentations at workshops, seminars, field days and tours and through the publication and distribution of extension bulletins, circulars, and handouts. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None.

Impacts
Multiple field experiments contributed to the development and registration of new herbicides and generated basic and applied knowledge needed to promote adoption of new technology, techniques, and to initiate change in crop production practices. Contributions were made to the development and expected commercialization of grain sorghum resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides; development and expected commercialization of pyrasulfotole&bromoxynil and fluthiacet-methyl for postemergence use in grain sorghum; saflufenacil for use in millet; and pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor&sulfentrazone herbicides for potential use in sunflower. Testing of corn and soybeans with genes conferring tolerance to 2,4-D herbicide confirmed effectiveness in preventing injury from high rates of 2,4-D applied postemergence. In fallow and in-crop trials there was low correlation between herbicide treatment cost and weed control effectiveness. In most instances, alternative herbicide treatments were less effective and more costly compared to historical glyphosate performance on susceptible weed species. Furthermore, nearly one-third of more than 1,500 wheat fields in western Kansas were tilled after harvest to control weeds (primarly glyphosate-resistant kochia) as opposed to spraying with glyphosate and auxinic herbicides. The greater cost of alternative herbicides and the perceived increase in tillage and associated negative impact on soil conservation gains are direct results and impact of herbicide resistant weeds. Kochia control in corn with herbicide treatments that did not include atrazine generally were not as effective compared to treatments that included atrazine. In soybeans, soil-applied treatments that included sulfentrazone generally were the most efficacious. Proso millet was more sensitive than pearl millet to soil-applied saflufenacil. Temporary leaf necrosis on both millet types increased with increasing saflufenacil dose and as the interval between preplant application and planting decreased; greatest injury occurred with preemergence application. Regardless of dose or application timing, S-metolachlor&sulfentrazone treatments maintained complete kochia control for more than 7 weeks after planting and were much more effective than recommended doses of S-metolachlor or pendimethalin alone. However, no treatment controlled puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) more than 50%. Pyroxasulfone at 100 g ai ha-1 applied preemergence through the 2-leaf crop stage provided season-long kochia control of 90% or greater; later applications were much less effective. Tank mixing sulfentrazone with pyroxasulfone did not substantially improve Palmer amaranth control compared to pyroxasulfone alone.

Publications

  • Lyon, D. and P.W. Stahlman. 2012. Integrated management prevents cheat in winter wheat cropping systems. Abst. 184. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:114.
  • Mack, J., R. Zollinger, B.M. Jenks, P.W. Stahlman, S. Tan, L. Charvat, and S. Fitterer. 2012. Clearfield sunflower tolerance to pyroxasulfone. Abst. 042. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:36.
  • Mikha, M., P. Stahlman, J. Benjamin, and P. Geier. 2012. Tillage and nutrient sources impact the productivity of eroded soil. Poster 2122. Proc. Of ASA-CSSA-SSSA International meetings, Cincinnati, OH.
  • Reddy, S.S. and P.W. Stahlman. 2012. Weed control in sunflower with premixed S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone. Abst. 057. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:44-45.
  • Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman and P.W. Geier. 2012. Palmer amaranth and kochia control with tank mixed pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone in sunflower. Proc. of ASA-CSSA-SSSA International annual meetings-Oct 21-24, 2012, Cincinnati, OH.
  • Refsell, D., J.A. Dille, D.E. Peterson, P.W. Stahlman, and J. Pawlak. 2012. Flumioxazin's fit in Kansas winter wheat. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 52:24.
  • Stahlman, P.W., D.A. Brachtenbach, P.W. Geier, and S.S. Reddy. 2012. Alternatives to glyphosate for kochia control in dryland no-till corn. Pgs. 63-65, Report of Progress 1070, Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. and Coop. Ext. Serv., Manhattan, KS.
  • Stahlman, P.W. and P.W. Geier. 2012. Adjuvants affect kochia control with glyphosate. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 67:169.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, S.S. Reddy, R.S Currie, B.L. Olson , C.R. Thompson , J.L. Jester, A. Helm, P. Westra, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Jha, A.R. Kniss, and J.M. Tichota. 2012. Regional studies on managing kochia without glyphosate. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 52:376.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, S.S. Reddy, R.S. Currie, B.L. Olson, C.R. Thompson, J.L. Jester, A. Helm, P. Westra, R. G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Jha, A.R. Kniss, and J.M. Tichota. 2012. Regional studies on kochia management without glyphosate. Pgs. 66-68, Report of Progress 1070, Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. and Coop. Ext. Serv., Manhattan, KS.
  • Westra. P., A. Wiersma, S.T. Chisholm, P.W. Stahlman, A.S. Godar, and R.S. Currie. 2012. Mechanism of glyphosate resistance in Central Great Plains Kochia. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 52:433.
  • Wiersma, A.T., S.T. Chisholm, A.S. Godar, P.W. Stahlman, J. K. Leach, and P. Westra. 2012. Gene amplification of EPSP synthase in glyphosate resistant Kochia scoparia. Abst. 128. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:97.
  • Stahlman, P.W. 2012. Eight tips for sunflower weed control in the Southern Great Plains. Special Supplement to The Sunflower Magazine, Feb. 2012.
  • Stahlman, P.W. 2012. Kochia control in wheat and fallow. 2012. Cover Your Acres Conference Proceedings. Jan 17 & 18, 2012.
  • Stahlman, P.W. and J.A. Dille. 2012. Kochia history, biology, and implication. Cover Your Acres Conference Proceedings. Jan 17 & 18, 2012.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, S.S. Reddy, R.S Currie, B.L. Olson , C.R. Thompson , J.L. Jester, A. Helm, P. Westra, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Jha, A.R. Kniss, and J.M. Tichota. 2012. Regional studies on managing kochia without glyphosate. Pgs. 66-68, Report of Progress 1070, Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. and Coop. Ext. Serv., Manhattan, KS.
  • Abit, M.J.M, K. Al-Khatib, P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2012. Response of aryloxyphenoxypropinate-resistant grain sorghum to quizalofop at various rates and application timings. Weed Technol. 26:14-18.
  • Harmoney, K.R., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, and R. Rupp. 2012. Effects of a new herbicide (aminocyclopyrachlor) on buffalograss and forbs in shortgrass prairie. Weed Technol. 26:455-459.
  • Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, and D.E. Peterson. 2012. Broadleaf weed control and crop safety with premixed pyrasulfotole and bromoxynil in winter wheat. Am. J. Plant Sci. 3:1613-1618.
  • Reddy, S.S., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier and C.R Thompson. 2012. Weed control and crop safety with premixed S-metolachlor and sulfentrazone in sunflower. Am. J. Plant Sci. 3:1625-1631.
  • Reddy, S.S. P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2012. Pyroxsulam and chlorpyrifos applied the same day injures wheat. Crop Management doi:10.1094/CM-2012-01-RS. Online at http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/cm/research/2012/injury/
  • Brachtenback, D. and P.W. Stahlman. 2012. Glyphosate-resistant kochia control in failed winter wheat. Abst. 052. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:41.
  • Dille, J.A., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, J. Riffel, R.S. Currie, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Westra, A.R. Kniss, M.J. Moechnig, and R.M. Cole. 2012. Abst. Kochia emergence profiles across the Central Great Plains. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 52:122.
  • Dille, A., R. Currie, P. Stahlman, P. Geier, J.D. Riffel, R. Wilson, G. Sbatella, P. Westra, A. Kniss, M. Moechnig, and R. Cole. 2012. Kochia emergence patterns across the Central Great Plains. Pgs. 60-62, Report of Progress 1070, Kansas Agric. Exp. Sta. and Coop. Ext. Serv., Manhattan, KS.
  • Godar, A.S. and P.W. Stahlman. 2012. Survey: Impact and management of glyphosate-resistant kochia in Kansas. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 67:45.
  • Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, and J.A. Dille. 2012. Kochia in western Kansas: Prevalence, post-wheat harvest management, and glyphosate resistance. Abst. 048. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:39.
  • Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, J.A. Dille, and P. Westra. 2012. Glyphosate resistance in several kochia populations in Kansas. Abst. 165. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:90.
  • Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, J. A. Dille, and P. Westra. 2012. Widespread presence of glyphosate-resistant kochia in Kansas. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst. 52:418.
  • Kniss, A.R., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Westra, R.M. Cole, and J.M. Tichota. 2012. Herbicide options for glyphosate-resistant kochia control. Abst. 166. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Abst. 65:90-91.


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities. Field experiments were conducted in western Kansas in field crops and fallow to address one or more project objectives: (1) develop integrated weed management (IWM) practices for minimum-till and no-till cropping systems to provide economic stability while minimizing environmental risks; (2) determine how herbicide use pattern influences weed control, weed population dynamics, or leads to development of herbicide resistant weed biotypes, and (3) evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Nearly 60 field experiments were conducted, analyzed and summary reports written and additional laboratory experiments tested more than 50 populations of kochia (Kochia scoparia) and five populations of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmerii) for resistance to glyphosate herbicide. The principal investigator coordinated statewide implementation of two research protocols to investigate preemergence and postemergence herbicidal control of kochia prior to row-crop planting and conducted numerous trials for kochia and Palmer amaranth control in corn, soybeans, and sunflowers. A survey of wheat fields after harvest in western Kansas documented the distribution, intensity of infestation, and management practices used to control kochia in wheat stubble prior to the next crop. Events. The principal investigator was interviewed 10 times by print and broadcast media personnel, spoke at 18 tours/field days/industry workshops, and attended two national professional conferences. The principal investigator, research assistants, and affiliated graduate students and colleagues gave six oral and poster presentations at professional meetings. Services. The principal investigator consulted and advised two multinational companies; served on committees and/or Boards of Directors of three professional organizations and the National Sunflower Association; served as the research advisor of one Ph.D. student and served on the advisory committee of four other graduate students; and provided extension outreach locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Products. Continued and in some instances strengthened collaborations with scientists in other states to investigate the biology and mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in kochia and development of pyroxasulfone herbicide for use in cultivated sunflower. Dissemination. Information was communicated to collaborators, other public and private scientists, and the general public through interviews, oral presentations at extension and professional meetings, handouts, abstracts, proceedings, and referred journal articles. PARTICIPANTS: Principal individual contributors were P. Geier and S. Reddy, Assistant Scientists, and M. Eckroat, Plant Science Technician, along with graduate research assistant A. Godar. Kansas State University faculty collaborators were: R. Aiken, R. Currie, J. Dille, J. Falk, K. Harmoney, B. Olson, D. Peterson, D. Shoup and C. Thompson. Collaborators from other institutions include: K. Al-Khatib, UC-Davis; K. Howatt, B. Jenks and R. Zollinger, North Dakota State University; A. Kniss, University of Wyoming; S. Chislom and P. Westra, Colorado State University; R. Klein, G. Sbatella and R. Wilson, University of Nebraska; M. Moechnig, South Dakota State University; D. Shaner, J. Benjamin and M. Mikha, USDA/ARS. Partner organizations included: Arysta LifeSciences; BASF Corporation; Bayer Agricultural Division; Dow AgroSciences; DuPont & Co; FMC Corporation; Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; Kansas Soybean Commission; Kansas Sunflower Commission; Monsanto Ag Products Co; National Sunflower Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred Co.; Syngenta Crop Protection; Rohm & Haas Inc.; and Valent USA Corp. TARGET AUDIENCES: Basic and exploratory research findings that facilitate development of new concepts, strategies, or products were targeted to research and extension colleagues, industry research and development personnel, commodity organizations, producer groups and individuals. Applied research findings having direct or immediate application will be targeted to research and extension colleagues and producers via presentations at workshops, seminars, field days and tours and through the publication and distribution of extension bulletins, circulars, and handouts. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None.

Impacts
Multiple field experiments contributed to the development and registration of new herbicides and generated basic and applied knowledge needed to promote adoption of new technology, techniques, and to initiate change in crop production practices. Contributions were made to the development and expected commercialization of grain sorghum resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides; development and expected commercialization of pyrasulfotole&bromoxynil and fluthiacet-methyl for postemergence use in grain sorghum; saflufenacil for use in millet; and pyroxasulfone and S-metolachlor&sulfentrazone herbicides for potential use in sunflower. Testing of corn and soybeans with genes conferring tolerance to 2,4-D herbicide confirmed effectiveness in preventing injury from high rates of 2,4-D applied postemergence. In fallow and in-crop trials there was low correlation between herbicide treatment cost and weed control effectiveness. In most instances, alternative herbicide treatments were less effective and more costly compared to historical glyphosate performance on susceptible weed species. Furthermore, nearly one-third of more than 1,500 wheat fields in western Kansas were tilled after harvest to control weeds (primarly glyphosate-resistant kochia) as opposed to spraying with glyphosate and auxinic herbicides. The greater cost of alternative herbicides and the perceived increase in tillage and associated negative impact on soil conservation gains are direct results and impact of herbicide resistant weeds. Kochia control in corn with herbicide treatments that did not include atrazine generally were not as effective compared to treatments that included atrazine. In soybeans, soil-applied treatments that included sulfentrazone generally were the most efficacious. Proso millet was more sensitive than pearl millet to soil-applied saflufenacil. Temporary leaf necrosis on both millet types increased with increasing saflufenacil dose and as the interval between preplant application and planting decreased; greatest injury occurred with preemergence application. Regardless of dose or application timing, S-metolachlor&sulfentrazone treatments maintained complete kochia control for more than 7 weeks after planting and were much more effective than recommended doses of S-metolachlor or pendimethalin alone. However, no treatment controlled puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) more than 50%. Pyroxasulfone at 100 g ai per ha applied preemergence through the 2-leaf crop stage provided season-long kochia control of 90% or greater; later applications were much less effective. Tank mixing sulfentrazone with pyroxasulfone did not substantially improve Palmer amaranth control compared to pyroxasulfone alone.

Publications

  • Acosta-Martinez, V., M.M. Mikha, K.R. Sistani, P.W. Stahlman, J. G. Benjamin, M.F. Vigil, and R. Erickson. 2011. Multi-location study of soil enzyme activities as affected by different manure types, rates, and tillage application practices. Agriculture 1:4-21.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, J.A. Dille, T.W. Rider, J.D. Riffel, R.S. Currie, P. Westra, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, A.R. Kniss, and R.M. Cole. 2011. Seasonal emergence of kochia in the Central Great Plains. Proc West. Soc. Weed Sci. 64:123.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, and S.S. Reddy. 2011. Kochia control in corn. Proc. North Central Weed Sci. Soc. 66:128.
  • Westra, P, A. Wiersma, J. Leach, P. Stahlman, A. Godar, J. Waite, K. Al Khatib, and C. Preston. 2011. Research on mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in kochia. Proc West. Soc. Weed Sci. 64:121.
  • Stahlman, P.W., B. Olson, and C.R. Thompson. 2011. Herbicide resistance in kochia: How widespread is the problem Agronomy E-Updates #286, March 4, 2011. Kansas State Research & Extension.
  • C.R. Thompson, P.W. Stahlman, and D.E. Peterson. 2011. Kochia control in corn and grain sorghum. Agronomy E-Updates #290, March 31, 2011. Kansas State Research & Extension.
  • Abit, M.J., K. Al-Khatib, B.L. Olson, P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, C.R. Thompson, R.S. Currie, A.J. Schlegel, J.D. Holman, K.A. Hudson, D.E. Shoup, M.J. Moechnig, W.J. Grichar, and B.W. Bean. 2011. Efficacy of postemergence herbicide tankmixes in acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase resistant grain sorghum. Crop Protection 30:1623-1628.
  • Geier, P.W., P.W. Stahlman, D.E. Peterson, and M.M. Claassen. 2011. Pyroxsulam compared to competitive standards for efficacy in winter wheat. Weed Technol. 25:310-315.
  • Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, and J.A. Dille. 2011. Single and sequential applications of tribenuron on broadleaf weed control and crop response in tribenuron-tolerant sunflower. Weed Technol. 25:391-397.
  • Olson, B.L.S., R.K. Zollinger, C.R. Thompson, D.E. Peterson, B. Jenks, M. Moechnig, and P.W. Stahlman. 2011. Pyroxasulfone with and without sulfentrazone in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Weed Technol. 25:217-221.
  • Kniss, A.R., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, R.G. Wilson, G.M. Sbatella, P. Westra, M. Moechnig, R.M. Cole and J.M. Tichota. 2011. Herbicide options for control of glyphosate-resistant kochia. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 64:167.
  • Olson, B., C. Thompson, P. Stahlman, P. Geier, N. Lally, A. Schlegel, D. Shoup, G. Cramer, and K. Martin. 2011. Pyrasulfotole and bromoxynil weed control performance in grain sorghum in 2010. Proc West. Soc. Weed Sci. 64:105.
  • Stahlman, P.W. and P.W. Geier. 2011. Glyphosate-resistant kochia is prevalent in western Kansas. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 64:166.


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities. Fifty field experiments were conducted in western Kansas in field crops and fallow to address one or more project objectives: (1) develop integrated weed management (IWM) practices for minimum-till and no-till cropping systems to provide economic stability while minimizing environmental risks; (2) determine how herbicide use pattern influences weed control, weed population dynamics, or leads to development of herbicide resistant weed biotypes, and (3) evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Nearly 50 field experiments were analyzed and summary reports written. A windshield survey of western Kansas documented the distribution of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia) and seed was collected from 17 populations for studies on rate response to glyphosate under controlled conditions. Seed also was collected from 13 populations of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) for herbicide tolerance testing. Events. The principal investigator was interviewed 17 times by print and broadcast media personnel, spoke at seven tours/field days, and attended two national and one international professional conferences. The principal investigator, research assistants, and affiliated graduate students and colleagues gave 15 oral and poster presentations at professional meetings; one was an invited plenary session presentation at an international conference. Services. The principal investigator consulted and advised three multinational companies; spent three weeks in Malawi consulting on a herbicide efficacy demonstration project; served on committees and/or Boards of Directors of three professional organizations and the National Sunflower Association; served as the research advisor of one Ph.D. student, served on the advisory committee of two other graduate students, and served as an external judge of a student thesis from the University of New England, NSW Australia; and provided extension outreach locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Products. Continued collaborations with scientists in other states and formed a new collaboration with American and Australian scientists to investigate the biology and mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in kochia. Dissemination. Information was communicated to collaborators, other public and private scientists, and the general public through interviews, oral presentations at extension and professional meetings, handouts, abstracts, proceedings, and referred journal articles. PARTICIPANTS: Principal Investigator: P.W. Stahlman. Principal individual contributors were P. Geier, Assistant Scientist and M. Eckroat, Plant Science Technician along with graduate research assistants M. Abit, A. Godar, and B. Hulse. Kansas State University faculty collaborators were: R. Aiken, H. Blanco-Canqui, R. Currie, J. Dille, J. Falk, K. Harmoney, J. Holman, L. Maddux, B. Olson, D. Peterson, D. Shoup and C. Thompson. Collaborators from other institutions include: K. Al-Khatib, UC-Davis; K. Howatt, B. Jenks and R. Zollinger, North Dakota State University; A. Kniss, University of Wyoming; D. Giacomini, D. Shaner, S. Ward, P. Westra, Colorado State University; R. Klein, G. Sbatella and R. Wilson, University of Nebraska; M. Moechnig, South Dakota State University; J. Benjamin and M. Mikha, USDA/ARS; L. Serafin and S. Belfield, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Partner organizations included: Arysta LifeSciences; BASF Corporation; Bayer Agricultural Division; Cheminova, Inc; Dow AgroSciences; DuPont & Co; FMC Corporation; Monsanto Ag Products Co; National Sunflower Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred Co.; Syngenta Crop Protection; Rohm & Haas Inc.; Valent USA Corp; Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. TARGET AUDIENCES: Basic and exploratory research findings that facilitate development of new concepts, strategies, or products were targeted to research and extension colleagues, industry research and development personnel, commodity organizations, producer groups and individuals. Applied research findings having direct or immediate application will be targeted to research and extension colleagues and producers via presentations at workshops, seminars, field days and tours and through the publication and distribution of extension bulletins, circulars, and handouts. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None.

Impacts
Multiple field experiments contributed to the development and registration of new herbicides and generated basic and applied knowledge needed to promote adoption of new technology, techniques, and to initiate change in crop production practices. Contributions were made to the development and expected commercialization of grain sorghum resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides; development and expected commercialization of pyrasulfotole&bromoxynil and fluthiacet-methyl for postemergence use in grain sorghum; saflufenacil for use in millet; and three experimental herbicides for potential use in sunflower. Coordinated statewide testing determined that grain sorghum hybrids differ in their tolerance to a premixture of saflufenacil plus dimethenamid-P herbicides, but the hybrids were more tolerant to this product compared to a prepackaged mixture of S-metolachlor plus atrazine plus mesotrione herbicides. Testing of corn and soybeans with genes conferring tolerance to 2,4-D herbicide confirmed effectiveness in preventing injury from high rates of 2,4-D applied postemergence. BAS 94461H herbicide was ineffective in controlling downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in winter wheat.

Publications

  • Westra, P., S. Ward, D. Giacamini, D. Shaner, P. Stahlman, K. Al-Khatib, and R.G. Wilson. 2010. The current status of kochia research in the Central Great Plains. Proc. WSWS 63:93-94.
  • Westra, P., K. Al-Khatib, P. Stahlman, D. Giacomini, S. Ward, D. Shaner, and R. Klein. 2010. Evaluating the response of kochia populations to glyphosate. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst.
  • Proceedings. Stahlman, P.W. 2010. Global perspective on GM crops and new herbicide options. Proc. 1st Australian Summer Grains Conference 1:in press.
  • Stahlman, B.L.S. Olson, C.R. Thompson, and R.K. Zollinger. 2010. Pyroxasulfone (KIH-485) for weed control in sunflower. Proc. 1st Australian Summer Grains Conference 1:in press.
  • Stahlman, P.W., K.A. Howatt, B.M. Jenks, and M.J. Moechnig. 2010. Saflufenacil - A new preharvest desiccant of sunflower. Proc. 1st Australian Summer Grains Conference 1:in press.
  • Stahlman, P.W. and Amar S. Godar. Soil nitrogen affects Palmer amaranth control with imazamox. National Sunflower Assn. website, 2010.
  • Hulse, B.M., D. Peterson, K. Al-Khatib, P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2010. Kochia control with preemergence herbicides in soybeans. Proc. NCWSS. 65:78.
  • Refereed journals. Abit, M.J.M., K. Al-Khatib, P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2010. Quizalofop efficacy on Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase resistant grain sorghum as affected by application rate and timing. Weed Technol. 24: in press.
  • Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, L.D. Charvat, M.J. Moechnig, P. Westra, and R.G. Wilson. 2010. Regional summary of millet tolerance to preemergence saflufenacil. Proc. WSWS 63:31-32.
  • Thompson, C., B. Olson, P. Geier, P. Stahlman, R. Currie, and A. Schlegal. 2010. Pyrasulfotole&bromoxynil effectiveness for weed control in grain sorghum. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst.
  • Abit, M.J.M, K. Al-Khatib, R.S. Currie, P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, B.W. Gordon, B.L.S. Olson, M.M. Claassen, and D.L. Regehr. 2010. Effect of postemergence mesotrione application timing on grain sorghum. Weed Technol. 24:85-90.
  • Frihauf, J.C., P.W. Stahlman and K. Al-Khatib. 2010. Saflufenacil absorption and translocation in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pesticide Biochem. & Physiol. 98:243-247.
  • Blanco-Canqui, H., L.R. Stone, and P.W. Stahlman. 2010. Soil response to long-term cropping systems on an Argiustoll in the Central Great Plains. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 74:602-611.
  • Frihauf, J.C., P.W. Stahlman, and P.W. Geier. 2010. Winter wheat and weed response to postemergence saflufenacil alone and in mixtures. Weed Technol. 24:262-268.
  • Frihauf, J.C., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, and D.E. Peterson. 2010. Winter annual broadleaf weeds and winter wheat response to postemergence application of two saflufenacil formulations. Weed Technol. 24:416-424.
  • Hennigh, D.S., K. Al-Khatib, R.S. Currie, M.R. Tuinstra, P.W. Geier, P.W. Stahlman, and M.M. Claassen. 2010. Weed control with selected herbicides in acetolactate synthase-resistant sorghum. Crop Protect. 29:879-883.
  • Harmoney, K.R., P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, and K.R. Hickman. 2010. Rate and timing of glyphosate application to control Caucasian Old World Bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii). Invasive Plant Sci. and Manage. 3:310-314.
  • Abstracts. Abit, M.J.M., K. Al-Khatib, P.W. Stahlman, P.W. Geier, C.R. Thompson, A. Schlegal, and J.D. Holman. 2010. Proc. Postemergence herbicide tankmixes in acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase resistant grain sorghum. WSWS 63:71.
  • Al-Khatib, K., P.W. Stahlman, and A.S. Godar. 2010. Confirming glyphosate resistance in kochia. Proc. WSWS 63:99-100.
  • Frihauf, J., P. Stahlman, and K. Al-Khatib. 2010. Saflufenacil metabolism in winter wheat. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst.
  • Godar, A.S., P.W. Stahlman, and J.A. Dille. 2010. Glyphosate-resistant kochia: fact or fiction Proc. WSWS 63:32.
  • Harmoney, K., P. Stahlman, P. Geier, and K. Hickman. 2010. Rate and timing of glyphosate application to control Caucasian Old World Bluestem (Bothricochloa bladhii). Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abst.


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities. Field and controlled environment experiments will be conducted in western Kansas to (1) develop integrated weed management (IWM) practices for minimum-till and no-till cropping systems to provide economic stability while minimizing environmental risks; (2) determine if herbicide use pattern influences weed control, weed population dynamics, or leads to development of herbicide resistant weed biotypes, and (3) evaluate herbicide-resistant crops and determine the efficacy, persistence, carryover potential, and rotational crop response to herbicides used or having the potential for use in Central Great Plains production systems. Events. The principal investigator was interviewed 3 times by print and broadcast media personnel. The principal investigator, research assistants, and graduate students who worked on the project gave 3 oral and poster presentations at a professional meeting. Services. The principal investigator consulted and advised one multinational company; served on committees and/or Boards of Directors of two professional organizations; served as the research advisor of one M.S. student and served on the advisory committee of one other graduate students; and provided extension outreach locally, regionally, nationally, and internationally. Products. Continued collaborations with scientists in other states. Dissemination. Information was communicated to collaborators, other public and private scientists, and the general public through interviews, oral presentations, handouts, abstracts, proceedings, and referred journal articles. PARTICIPANTS: Principal individual contributors will be P.W. Stahlman, Primary Investigator; P.W. Geier, Assistant Scientist and J. Schmeidler, Plant Science Technician along with graduate research assistants M.J. Abit and A.S. Godar. Kansas State University faculty collaborators will include: R.M. Aiken, H. Blanco-Canqui, R.S. Currie, J.A. Dille, J. Falk, K.R. Harmoney, L. Maddux, J.P. Michaud, B. Olson, D.E. Peterson, and C.R. Thompson. Collaborators from other institutions include: K. Al-Khatib, UC-Davis; D.A. Ball, Oregon State University; K. Howatt, B. Jenks and R. Zollinger, North Dakota State University; A.R. Kniss, University of Wyoming; A. Helm and P. Westra, Colorado State University; D.J. Lyon and R.G. Wilson, University of Nebraska; M. Moechnig, South Dakota State University; J.G. Benjamin and M. Mikha, USDA/ARS; L. Serafin and S. Belfield, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. Partner organizations will include: Arysta LifeSciences; BASF Corporation; Bayer Agricultural Division; Cheminova, Inc; Dow AgroSciences; DuPont & Co; FMC Corporation; Monsanto Ag Products Co; National Sunflower Association; Pioneer Hi-Bred Co.; Syngenta Crop Protection; Rohm & Haas Inc.; Valent USA Corp; Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. TARGET AUDIENCES: Basic and exploratory research findings that facilitate development of new concepts, strategies, or products will be targeted primarily to research and extension colleagues, industry research and development personnel and, when appropriate, to commodity organizations and producer groups or individuals. Applied research findings having direct or immediate application will be targeted to research and extension colleagues and producers via presentations at workshops, seminars, field days and tours and through the publication and distribution of extension bulletins, circulars, and handouts. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
Multiple field and controlled-environment experiments will be conducted to address each project objective. This is a new project and there are no outcomes to report.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period