Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs Target Audience:The primary target audience of this project was pest control advisors (PCAs) and vegetable growers in Arizona and California. A secondaryaudience consistedof agri-business and agrochemical industry reps, as well as academic and extension peers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results of this research has been presented toacademic peers at scientific meeting in 2015 (ESAbranch and national meetings) as well as at numerous extension meetings held in Arizona and California. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to conduct research trials in lab and field to meet the objectives of the project.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
We have surveyed host sites throughout the year on a 2-4 week schedule in Yuma. To date, most Bagrada from September -March have been found on cole crops; none were found on alternative hosts, except this fall adults were found on volunteer sudangrass growing near cauliflower fields. During the summer months when cole crops are absent, adults and nymphs have been found on alyssum, weeds (lambsquarter), cotton, alfalfa and sudangrass. In addition we have been tracking Bagrada adult abundance on broccoli/cabbage plants throughout the grow. We are not conducting any laboratory studies specifically on this objective, but have investigated thediel activity of Bagrada adults on broccoli and cauliflower, both under field conditions and in the greenhouse. We've determined after multiple 24 hr sampling bouts (n=12), Bagrada adults are most abundant on small plants (coty-4 lf stages) in the field during the warmest part of the day (1000 -1600 hr). In contrast, adults were difficult to find on plants during early morning periods (0300-0700). A significant correlation of Bagrada abundance on plants with ambient temperature was demonstrated. These data have important implications for monitoring and insecticidal control. We have completed lab and field studies using row covers to expose broccoli and cauliflower plants at selected plant phenological stages during stand establishment to known numbers of Bagrada adults. Resultssuggest that broccoli plants in early development (cotyledon-2 leaf stage) are very susceptible to plant injury, yield loss and delayed maturity. Older plants (4-lf) appeared to be less susceptible, but experienced significant reductions, whereas larger plants (6-lf stage) did not appear to sustain significant losses. A laboratory study is presently being completed to examine the effects of Bagrada densities (0, 1, 2 or 4 adults) on broccoli plants at various phenological growth stages (seed, coty, 1 lf, 2 lf, and 4 lf). Variables to be measured are plant mortality, reduction in plant growth, and plant injury. Preliminary trials have suggested that plant responses are similar to our field trials. A number of trials (laboratory, greenhouse and field plot) have been conducted examining the knockdown (1- 3 d) and residual (5-d) activity of all of the major chemical classes. Under laboratory conditions, we examined adult susceptibility to various concentrations of insecticide classes (pyrethroid, OP, carbamate and neonicotinoid) in leaf dip, contact bioassays. We've established baseline susceptibilities for the major active ingredients presently being used in the desert to control Bagrada. Greenhouse trials have been conducted with conventional and experimental insecticides applied as foliar sprays to broccoli plants with adults caged on plants to measure adult mortality, plant damage and growth. Results of this work are consistent with small plot efficacy trials conducted on broccoli under local field conditions. We've evaluated the knockdown and residual efficacy of most conventional and experimental compounds against natural Bagrada populations. Results are consistent and show that insecticides with contact activity are most efficacious including all pyrethroids, dinotefuron, methomyl, chlorpyrifos and mixtures. The experimental compounds evaluated (sulfoxaflor, Pyrifluquinazon, Cyazypyr, spirotetramat, novaluron, flonicamid, pymetrozine) failed to provide consistent efficacy in replicated trials. Initial examination of broccoli seed treated with experimental insecticides under both laboratory and field conditions suggests that candidate active ingredients exist that can provide protection against Bagrada during germination and stand establishment. Manuscripts are presently being prepared for 2016 submission.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Palumbo, J.C., N. Prabhaker, D. A. Reed, T.M. Perring, S. J. Castle and T. Huang. 2015 Susceptibility of Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides in Laboratory and Greenhouse Bioassays. J. Econ. Entomol. 108(2): 672682 (2015); DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov010
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Palumbo, J. C., and Carri�re, Y. 2015. Association between Bagrada hilaris density and feeding damage in broccoli: Implications for pest management. Plant Health Progress 16: 158-162, doi:10.1094/PHP-RS-15-0024
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Palumbo, J.C., T.M. Perring, J Millar, and D.A. Reed. Biology, Ecology and Management of an Invasive Stink Bug, Bagrada hilaris in North America, Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Review of Entomology 01/2016; 61(1). DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023843
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Bundy, S., Grasswitz, T., Palumbo, J., Perring, T., & Reed, D. (2016). Bagada hilaris (Chapter 3). In (ed., J. McPherson), Biology Of The Pentatomoidea, Stink Bugs And Their Relatives, Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton. In press. (In press)
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