Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06

Outputs
The goal of this project is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). The specific objectives are to: (1) improve yield and quality; (2) estimate the relationship between yield and quality parameters; and (3) develop new methods and tools to characterize yield and quality parameters. All on-farm variety and screening trials are conducted on commercial fields in RCB designs with four replicates. The cooperating ranchers follow best management recommendations for their particular area. The variety tests use one-fourth to one-half mile plot lengths across most sites, 4 to 8 rows in width, at three to eight locations depending upon the year, type of cotton, and year of testing. First year entries in the trials were generally evaluated in only two to three trial locations, while second and third year entries were evaluated in three to six locations. The parameters in the model were evaluated using the GLM and REG procedures of SAS/PC, and analyses done to compare variety entries for yield, fiber and yarn properties. The testing program has been modified to allow early field evaluations of new seed company transgenic cotton varieties, even when they have still been under EPA or USDA regulatory controls. This has required special handling to comply with regulatory requirements, but provided earlier field evaluation of fiber quality and yield performance for these varieties. The data from these variety trials is utilized each year by the SJV Cotton Board to make decisions on new varieties to gain approval of the Board as representing varieties with significant advancements over the standard varieties of the Board in terms of yield performance, special characteristics such as transgenic insect or herbicide resistance, and better or at least similar fiber quality and yarn spinning qualities. During March meetings of each of the past five years, using this trial data the Board has been able to approve 3 new Acala and 2 new Pima varieties in 2006, 1 new Acala and 1 new Pima in 2005, 5 new Acala and 2 new Pima varieties in 2004, 1 Acala in 2003, 2 Acalas and 2 Pimas in 2002 and 3 Acala varieties in 2001. Since 1973, more than 700 experimental Acala cotton varieties have been tested in the SJV Cotton Board program. As of 2006, 55 Acala cotton varieties had been approved by the SJV Board. Because the SJV variety tests have shown that quality and yields are improving, the SJV has undergone substantial changes in acreage planted to new varieties. Since 1991, the SJV cotton variety program has tested more than 180 experimental Pima (also known as extra long staple cottons) varieties. As Pima is a completely different species of cotton from Uplands, a separate Pima testing program has been conducted to accommodate new Pima entries. Today, the SJV has replaced Arizona as the largest producer of Pima in the United States.

Impacts
More than 95 percent of the cotton crop in California is grown in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). This variety evaluation program has provided a primary means of yield and fiber quality testing for the cotton growers of the San Joaquin Valley, and the highly-detailed fiber analysis part of the program is considered by many in the industry to be the most comprehensive fiber quality testing program in the nation. The purpose of this program is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production in the SJV. The data from these trials is directly used by the SJV Cotton Board, a grower and related industry group that uses the cotton variety testing program data in making decisions for approving cotton varieties for the SJV. This approval process of the Cotton Board has for decades helped maintain a world-wide reputation for high-fiber quality. In using the results of these large-scale field evaluations, growers and seed companies have also continued to see improved yields and quality, since the program assists in identifying best-performing varieties through this testing program. The program has been flexible in allowing difficult modifications for early testing (during the regulatory process) of transgenic cotton varieties with regulated technology, such as Roundup Ready Flex varieties. Although regulated trials are more costly and time consuming, testing them will allow these improved varieties to be available to the growers years sooner.

Publications

• Ball, S.T. and L. Smith. 2006. San Joaquin Valley 2005 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, Vol. 77, January, 2006. University of California. Cooperative Extension (available on web: http://cottoninfo.ucdavis.edu).
• Ball, S.T. 2005. 2005 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Planting Guide. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 36 pp.
• Ball, S.T. and D. Andreotti. 2005. San Joaquin Valley 2004 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, Vol. 74, January, 2005. University of California. Cooperative Extension (available on web: http://cottoninfo.ucdavis.edu).
• Ball, S.T. 2006. 2005 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program Results: Climate, Map, Management, Program Summary. University of California, Davis, 150 pp.
• Ball, S.T. and D. Andreotti. 2004. San Joaquin Valley 2003 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, Vol. 70, January, 2004, University of California. Cooperative Extension (available on web: http://cottoninfo.ucdavis.edu).
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, S. Perkins, and D. Andreotti. 2003. San Joaquin Valley 2002 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, Vol. 66, February, 2003. University of California. Cooperative Extension (available on web: http://cottoninfo.ucdavis.edu).
• Ball, S.T. 2006. 2006 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Planting Guide. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 41 pp.
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, S. Perkins, and D. Andreotti. 2002. San Joaquin Valley 2001 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, Vol. 62, January, 2002. University of California. Cooperative Extension (available on web: http://cottoninfo.ucdavis.edu).

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
On March 1, 2005, one new Acala and one new Pima cotton varieties were approved by the SJVCB and released for commercial production in 2005. These varieties were higher yielding when compared to the standards, Maxxa and S-7. Acala varieties in 2005: C-702 is from CPCSD is a conventional variety, and has 11% higher yields than Maxxa and equal with PHY-72. C-702 has lower seed coat fragments than Maxxa and has good quality. Specifically, C-702 has better fiber strength, uniformity and maturity, as well as better yarn comber waste, neps and evenness. Pima varieties in 2005: PHY-800 from Phytogen out-yielded the standard S-7, by 12%. PHY-800 had similar yields to DP-340 and significantly higher yields than PHY-76. Phy-800 has Fusarium Wilt tolerance and good fiber and yarn quality. Specifically, PHY-800 had superior fiber length, uniformity, elongation, Micronaire, fineness and color, as well as better yarn strength and appearance. The SJV growers continued to see improved yields and quality because my testing program that holds the bar high for new varieties to be approved. Also, the SJVCB approved the testing of cotton varieties with regulated technology, such as Roundup Ready Flex. These cottons are regulated by USDA. Although regulated trials are more costly and time consuming, testing them will allow these improved varieties to be available to the growers years sooner. Acala varieties up for release in 2006: C-403 and C-503, from CPCSD; DP-6222R from Delta Pine and Land Company; and PHY-710R from Phytogen. Pima variety up for release in 2006: E-303 and E-503, both from CPCSPD.

Impacts
Maintaining a strong cotton industry is vital to the economic well-being of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) where more than 95 percent of the crop is grown. The purpose of this program is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production in the SJV. The SJV Cotton Board relies entirely on this cotton variety testing program for data used in making decisions for approving cotton varieties for the SJV. Cotton approved by the Cotton Board has long maintained a world-wide reputation for high-fiber quality.

Publications

• Ball, S.T., 2006. 2005 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Planting Guide. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 36 pp.
• Ball, S.T., 2006. 2005 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program Results: Climate, Map, Management, Program Summary; Two-Year, 2001 and 2000 Results, and Terminology. University of California, Davis, 150 pp.
• Ball, S.T., 2005. 2004 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program Results. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 34 pp.
• Ball, S.T., D. Andreotti. 2005. 2004 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program. Contents: Climate, Map, Management, Program Summary; Two-Year, 2001 and 2000 Results, and Terminology. University of California, Davis, 138 pp.

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
On March 2, 2004, five new Acala and two new Pima cotton varieties were approved by the SJVCB and released for commercial production in 2004. These varieties were higher yielding when compared to the standards, Maxxa and S-7. Also, many of the varieties offer the added value of pest and weed resistance, bringing new technology to the SJV growers. Acala varieties in 2004: OA-262 is from O&A Enterprises and is a Roundup ready variety. This allows the cotton plant to tolerate Roundup herbicides sprayed on the cotton as well as weeds, without destroying the cotton. OA-265, from O&A, is a Bollgard/Roundup Ready stacked cotton. In addition to Roundup Ready technology, this variety contains a Bt gene to help the plant resist certain insects. OA-265 also was the highest yielding variety in my trials, at 1,685 pounds per acre. OA-270, from O&A, is quite similar to OA-265 with RR/Bt Technology and equal yields. OA-270 is a slightly longer growing variety when compared to OA-265. C-201 is from Cotton Planning Seed Distributors and was released as a replacement to Ultima. This roller-ginned variety can earn a premium of 12-15 cents per pound. C-101 from CPCSD is a nematode resistant variety, replacing Nem-X. Pima varieties in 2004: OA-353 from O&A, out-yielded the standard S-7, by 157 pounds per acre. OA-354 from O&A, produced yields of 73 pounds per acre higher than S-7. The SJV growers continued to see improved yields and quality because my testing program that holds the bar high for new varieties to be approved. Also, the SJVCB approved the testing of cotton varieties with regulated technology, such as Roundup Ready Flex. These cottons are regulated by USDA. Although regulated trials are more costly and time consuming, testing them will allow these improved varieties to be available to the growers years sooner. Acala varieties up for release in 2005: C-402, from CPCSD, yields well in heavy soils and has very good Verticillium wilt tolerance. C-402, also from CPCSD, has high yields especially in the northern areas, with good quality and lower SCF than Maxxa. Pima variety up for release in 2005: PHY-800, from Phytogen, has high yields across locations, and good fiber and yarn quality as well as Fusarium wilt tolerance

Impacts
Maintaining a strong cotton industry is vital to the economic well-being of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) where more than 95 percent of the crop is grown. The purpose of this program is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production in the SJV. The SJV Cotton Board relies entirely on this cotton variety testing program for data used in making decisions for approving cotton varieties for the SJV. Cotton approved by the Cotton Board has long maintained a world-wide reputation for high-fiber quality.

Publications

• No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
An Acala variety was approved by the San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board and released for commercial production in 2003: C-104 (marketed as Cierra) from California Planting Cotton Seed Distributors. Cierra was a high-yielding Roundup Ready resistant variety. It averaged 1,659 lbs of lint per acre, 119 lbs more than the standard, Maxxa. Its key beneficial trait is resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. 9 on-farm variety trials (four Acala, three Pima, two A1-screening) in 201 acres were planted in the San Joaquin Valley. 10 Acala, 11 Pima varieties and 16 advanced-generation lines were planted on commercial fields in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) designs with four replicates.Acala Tests - 2003 The Acala lint yields in 2003 growing season were from 10 varieties grown at 4 locations. Yields ranged from good to very good, averaging 147 lbs lint per acre (1511 lbs/acre) lower than those obtained in the 2002 season. The highest yielding Acala variety was Olvey and Associates OA-265 with 1643 lbs per acre. At the highest yielding location near Los Banos in Merced County, 4 varieties yielded more than 1700 lbs or more than 3.4 bales per acre. 5 of the varieties have completed the 3rd year of testing and will be eligible for approval by the SJVCB on March 2. Top-yielding varieties include O&As OA-265 and OA-270 and CPCSDs C-702. The Acala gin turnouts ranged from 0.316 percent (OA-262) to 0.37 percent (C-402). Of the 5 varieties up for approval, all had either equal or significantly lower gin turnouts compared to the standard, Maxxa (0.339 percent).Pima Tests - 2003 Pima lint yields for the 2003 growing season were from 11 varieties grown at 3 locations. Generally, the yields were good, averaging 114 lbs lint per acre (1305 lbs/acre) lower than those in the 2002 season. The highest yielding Pima variety was O&As OA-356 with 1426 lbs per acre. The highest yielding location near Huron in Kings County, 3 varieties yielded more than 1,800 lbs per acre, or 3.6 bales per acre. 2 varieties have completed the 3rd year of testing (OA-353, OA-354) and will be eligible for approval by SJVCB on March 2. Top-yielding varieties include O&As OA-356 and OA-353 and Phytogens PH00P-601. The Pima gin turnouts ranged from 0.282 percent (E-203) to 0.322 percent (OA-356). 5 varieties up for approval, both O&As OA-256 and Phytogens PH00P-612 had a significantly higher gin turnouts compared to the standard, S-7 (0.312 percent).Screening Tests - 2002 The screening lint yields for the 2003 growing season were from 16 varieties grown at 2 locations. Lint yields were good, averaging 389 lbs lint per acre (1437 lbs/acre) less than those obtained in the 2002 season. At the Five Points location (WSFS), one variety yield was estimated to be more than 1800 lbs per acre, or more than 3.6 bales per acre. The screening gin turnouts ranged from 0.307 percent (OA-280) to 0.381 percent (C-603). The top 4 varieties were significantly higher for gin turnout values compared to Maxxa (.339 percent). Based on the lint yield results, there is great potential for new varieties to out perform the current standard. The new varieties offer great promise for SJV cotton producers.

Impacts
Continuing to maintain a strong cotton industry is vital to the economic well-being of the San Joaquin Valley where more than 95 percent of the crop is grown. The purpose of this program is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production in the SJV. The SJV Cotton Board relies entirely on this cotton variety testing program for data used in making decisions for approving cotton varieties for the SJV. Cotton approved by the Cotton Board has long maintained a world-wide reputation for high-fiber quality.

Publications

• Ball, S.T. 2004. San Joaquin Valley 2002 Acala Variety Trial Results. Plant Management Network. 00:000-000.
• Ball, S.T. 2004. San Joaquin Valley 2002 Pima Variety Trial Results. Plant Management Network. 00:000-000.
• Ball, S.T. 2004. San Joaquin Valley 2002 Screening Variety Trial Results. Plant Management Network. 00:000-000.
• Ball, S.T. and D. Andreotti. 2004. San Joaquin Valley 2003 Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Testing Program. California Cotton Review, University of California. 00:000-000.
• Ball, S.T. and D. Andreotti. 2003. 2002 San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board On-Farm Variety Trial Program. Final Results. University of California. 03:1-138.
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, S. Perkins, D. Andreotti. 2003. 2003 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Valley Trial Program. Planting Plans. University of California. 03:1-34.

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
In 2001, three Acala's were approved by the SJV Cotton Board and released for commercial production this year. The approved Acala varieties are: (1) C-192 from California Planting Cotton Seed Distributors, (2) DP-6100RR from Delta and Pine Land Company, and (3) PHY-78 from Phytogen Seed Company. Both C-192 and PHY-78 are high-yielding conventional varieties, while DP-6100RR is a Roundup Readyr resistant variety. Since 1973, more than 641 experimental cotton varieties have been tested in the SJV Cotton Board program. As of 2002, 45 Acala cotton varieties had been approved by the SJV Board. Because the SJV variety tests have shown that quality and yields are improving, the SJV has undergone substantial changes in acreage planted to the new varieties. Until the mid-80s, SJ-2 was the predominant Acala, accounting for more than 80 percent of the total acreage. In 1984, SJ-2 plateaued at 50 percent and decreased thereafter with the release of GC-510. From 1990 to 2000, Maxxa was the dominant Acala, accounting for about 75 percent of the total acreage. In 2001, the acreage of Maxxa decreased significantly with the release of Phy-72 and Nova, as well as Riata. These changes have had huge impacts on quality and production. Up to 1999, most of the increases in yield over SJ-2 were the result of better tolerance to Verticillium wilt. As the newer Acalas became dominant, the quality components of length, strength, uniformity and fineness have improved. Improving these quality characteristics, and others, are needed to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of the mills. Since 1991, the SJV cotton variety program has tested more than 150 experimental Pima (also known as extra large staple cottons) varieties. As of 2002, 15 Pima cotton varieties had been approved by the SJV Board. Since Pimas are a different species than the Acalas, a separate testing program is required. Today, the SJV has replaced Arizona as the largest center of Pima production in the United States. Our testing program has resulted in the approval of several new Pima varieties with improved quality and yield over the original standard, Pima S-7. However, until 2001, the majority of the Pima acreage has been planted to S-7. This year, S-7 has plateaued and the new variety, Phy-76, was planted to more than 50 percent of the total acreage. Since the last project revision, the SJV cotton program has begun undergoing a technological transformation. A total digital database, including cameras, scanners and a state-of-the-art computer system has been implemented. In addition, research has been initiated to establish the relationship between quality characteristics and cotton lint yields from variety experiments.

Impacts
A strong industry is vital for the well-being of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) where 95% of the crop is grown. The SJV Cotton Board relies on the cotton variety testing for data used in approving cotton varieties. SJV cotton holds a worldwide reputation for high-fiber quality. To remain in the forefront, SJV must continue to improve the cotton grown to meet the standards required for approval.

Publications

• Ball, S.T., Al-Jamal, M.S., and T.W. Sammis. 2002. A Case Study for Adopting the Nitrate-Chloride Technique to Improve Irrigation and Nitrogen Practices in Farmer's Fields. Applied Engineering in Agriculture (Accepted).
• Ball, S.T. J. Bergman, S. Perkins, and D. Andreotti. 2002. 2002 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 40 pp.
• Ball, S.T. J. Bergman, S. Perkins, and D. Andreotti and D. Bassett. 2001. 2001 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program. Contents: Acala, Pima and Screening results, yield, fiber and yarn summaries. University of California, Davis, 132 pp.

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
In 2000, three Acala's and two Pima's were approved by the SJV Cotton Board and released for commercial production this year. The approved Acala varieties are: (1) C-181 (marketed as Nova), (2) OA-249 (marketed as DP-249), and (3) PHY-72 (marketed as Phytogen-72). Both DP-249 and Phytogen-72 are high-yielding conventional varieties, while Nova is a BXN variety. The approved Pima varieties are: (1) OA-340 (marketed as DP-340) and (2) PHY-76 (marketed as Phytogen-76). Since 1978, more than 625 experimental cotton varieties have been tested in the SJV Cotton Board program (Turner, 1981) 6/27/01. As of 2001, 29 Acala cotton varieties have been approved by the SJV Board. Because the SJV variety tests have shown that quality and yields are improving, the SJV has undergone substantial changes in acreage planted to the new varieties. Until the mid-80s, SJ-2 was the predominant Acala, accounting for more than 80 percent of the total acreage. In 1984, SJ-2 plateaued at 50 percent and decreased thereafter with the release of GC-510. From 1990 to 2000, Maxxa was the dominant Acala accounting for about 75 percent of the total acreage. In 2001, the acreage of Maxxa has decreased significantly with the release of Phy-72 and Nova, as well as Riata (released last year). These changes have had huge impacts on quality and production (Bassett, 1995; Bragg et al, 1995). Up to 1999, most of the increases in yield over SJ-2 were the result of better tolerance to Verticillium wilt (Paplomatas et al., 1992). As the newer Acalas became dominant (e.g. Phy-72, Nova, Riata) the quality components of length, strength, uniformity and fineness have improved. Improving these quality characteristics, and others, are needed to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of the mills (Faerber, 1995). Since 1991, the SJV cotton variety program has tested more than 150 experimental Pima (also known as extra large staple cottons) varieties. Since Pimas are a different species than the Acalas, a separate testing program is required (Niles and Feaster, 1984). Today, the SJV has replaced Arizona as the largest center of Pima production in the United States. Our testing program has resulted in the approval of several new Pima varieties with improved quality and yield over the original standard, Pima S-6 (Bassett, 1993; Ball and Hutmacher, 1998). However, until 2001, the majority of the Pima acreage has been planted to S-6. This year, S-6 has plateaued and the new variety, Phy-76, was planted to more than 50 percent of the total acreage. Since the last project revision, the SJV cotton program has began undergoing a technological transformation. A total digital database, including cameras, scanners and a state-of-the art computer system has been implemented. In addition, research has been initiated to establish the relationship between quality characteristics and cotton lint yields from variety experiments.

Impacts
The goal is to identify cotton genotypes with superior performance in commercial production of the SJV. The objectives are 1, improve yield and quality 2, estimate the relationship between yield and quality parameters 3, develop new methods and tools to characterize yield and quality parameters. Profitability is the bottom line for California cotton growers and selecting the best varieties for each environment and management practices should help them make this important decision.

Publications

• Ball, S.T. 2000. Status Report: Interagency Agreement No. 00-0228. Cotton Variety Testing Program 2000/2001 (2), March 20. University of California, Davis.
• Ball, S.T. 2001. Status Report: Interagency Agreement No. 00-0228. Cotton Variety Testing Program 2000/2001 (1), June 15. University of California, Davis.
• Ball, S.T. 2001. Status Report: Interagency Agreement No. 00-0228. Cotton Variety Testing Program 2000/2001 (2), January 5. University of California, Davis.
• Ball, S.T. 2000. Status Report: Interagency Agreement No. 00-0228. Cotton Variety Testing Program 2000/2001 (1), October 10. University of California, Davis.
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, D. Andreotti and S. Perkins. 2001. San Joajuin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program. July 24. San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board Meeting, Visalia, CA. 41 pp.
• Ball, S.T. 2000. State of the Variety Testing Program. November 28. San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board Meeting, Visalia, CA. 15 pp.
• Ball, S.T., Al-Jamal, M.S., and T. W. Sammis. 2001. Applied Engineering in Agriculture.(Accepted)
• Al - Jamal, M., S.T. Ball,and T.W. Sammis. 2001. A New Technique for Obtaining a Crop Coefficient for Onion Irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. (Accepted)
• Al-Jamal, M., S.T. Ball, and T.W. Sammis. 2001. Comparison of Sprinkler, Trickle and Furrow Irrigation Efficiencies for Onion Production. Agricultural Water Management. 46:253-263.
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, S. Perkins, and D. Andreotti. 2001. 2001 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program Results. Contents: Cooperators, Directions, Map, Planting Plans and Varieties. University of California, Davis, 42 pp.
• Ball, S.T., J. Bergman, S. Perkins, D. Andreotti and D. Bassett. 2001. 2000 San Joaquin Valley Cotton On-Farm Variety Trial Program. Contents: Climate, Map, Management, Program Summary; Two-Year, 2000 and 1999 Results, and Terminology. University of California, Davis, 110 pp. Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins, D. Andreotti, and Kyle Tillett. 2001. Team Cotton Coder. A Windows Based Barcode System for the On-Farm Variety Trials. University of California.
• Ball, S.T. 2000. State of the Variety Testing Program. January 23. San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board Meeting, Visalia, CA. 10 pp.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins and D. Andreotti. 2000. March 5 and March 6. San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board Meeting and Quality Cotton Meeting, Shafter and Visalia, CA, 153 pp.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins and D. Andreotti. 2001. San Joaquin Valley Acala and Pima Testing Program. California Cotton Review. 57: 8-9. University of California.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins and D. Andreotti. 2000. San Joaquin Valley Acala and Pima Testing Program. Shafter Field Day Report 57:8-9.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins and D. Andreotti. 2000. 1999 Upland, Acala and Pima Variety Screening Activities. West Side Field Day. 41:60-61.
• Shafter=s Cotton Specialist Views New Challenges. 2000. August 19. Western Farm Press, pp. 10-11.
• New Researcher Introduced to San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board. 2000. July 27. San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board Bulletin.
• San Joaquin Cotton Board Variety Tests Show Quality and Yields are Improving. 2001. March 14, Channel 17 News.
• New Cotton Specialist at Shafter Brings San Joaquin Program into Digital Age. 2000. December 14, Channel 17 News.
• Ball, S.T. 2001. New Trends in Varieties Vying for Approval. California Cotton Growers Association. February 6, Visalia Convention Center, Visalia, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins and D. Andreotti. 2001. Are the GMOs more Profitable than Conventional Cottons Grown in the SJV? February 6, Gordon Conference in Agriculture. Ventura, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman and S. Perkins 2001. Conventional Versus Enhanced Cotton in On-Farm Variety Trials in California. January 12, Beltwide Cotton Research Conferences, Anaheim, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman and S. Perkins. 2001. Is there a Relationship Between Yield and Fiber Parameters. January 12, Beltwide Cotton Research Conferences, Anaheim, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman, S. Perkins , M. Reeve and R. Villarreal. 2001. What is the Future of Non-Approved Cotton in California? January 12, Beltwide Cotton Research Conferences, Anaheim, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman and S. Perkins. 2001. Cotton Field Day. September 21. West Side Research and Extension Center. West Side, CA.
• Ball, S.T., D. Bassett, J. Bergman and S. Perkins. 2001. Cotton Field Day. September 19. Shafter Research and Extension Center, Shafter, CA.