Source: VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION, VA POLYTECH INST. submitted to
VIRGINIA IPM PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
3D GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0222775
Grant No.
2010-41534-21339
Project No.
VAN-545852
Proposal No.
2010-01555
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
QQIPM
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2010
Project End Date
Jul 31, 2012
Grant Year
2010
Project Director
Herbert, D. A.
Recipient Organization
VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION, VA POLYTECH INST.
(N/A)
BLACKBURG,VA 24061
Performing Department
Tidewater Agri Research & Extension Ctr
Non Technical Summary
In Virginia, emerging and invasive infestations of insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes result in significant crop and commodity losses every year. Some pests also pose health risks to humans, pets and livestock. The Virginia IPM Program addresses this wide array of pest problems by developing new IPM practices and extending that information in educational programs to promote clientele adoption. There is a consistent record of reducing commodity losses, risks to human and animal health, and reliance on chemical pest controls. The program currently saves Virginia homeowners, public school officials, growers, and nursery, landscape, and golf course managers millions of dollars annually. Continued success of the program is dependent on delivery of targeted educational programs supported in part through federal funding. We will address multiple objectives in six Emphasis Areas including IPM in Agronomic Crops (invasive insects and weeds in soybean, cotton, and corn and orchardgrass), IPM Training for Consumer/Urban Environments (Master Gardeners, landscape professionals, turfgrass, and red imported fire ant), IPM in Specialty Crops (apples, grapes, caneberries), IPM Support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities (the VT Plant Disease Clinic, Weed and Insect ID Labs), IPM Training in Housing (in collaboration with VSU), and IPM Education for Pesticide Applicators (in collaboration with the VTPP). Evaluation functions and logic models provide program impact assessment plans.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2111820113010%
2111710113010%
2111699113010%
2111129113010%
2111131113010%
2111110113010%
2115320113010%
2131820114010%
2122130116010%
2121131116010%
Knowledge Area
211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1131 - Wine grapes; 2130 - Turf; 1129 - Berries and cane fruits, general/other; 1110 - Apple; 1820 - Soybean; 1710 - Upland cotton; 5320 - Houses (human residences), furniture, household equipment, non-textile furnishings; 1699 - Pasture and forage crops, general/other;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1160 - Pathology; 1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
IPM IN AGRONOMIC CROPS: To conduct a state-wide survey of soybean fields for presence and severity of soybean aphid and brown marmorated stink bug posting weekly advisories and evaluating grower response; to intensely scout for the presence of Palmer amaranth in cotton and to evaluate the effects of above- and below-ground components of different crop residues for aiding in management; to evaluate and adapt a degree-day program to predict the most effective timing for managing the hunting billbug in orchardgress; to evaluate a fall soil sampling method for detecting white grub in field corn. IPM FOR CONSUMER/URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: To increase IPM educational resources for Extension agents, master gardeners, landscape/arborist professionals and consumers using websites, newsletters, factsheets and workshops; to demonstrate mowing height and fertilizer impacts on disease development and weed encroachment in tall fescue lawns; to provide educational programs on the advantages and disadvantages of the existing treatment methods for red imported fire ant via hands-on technical training programs to county agents, agricultural producers, pest control professionals and parks and recreation department employees. IPM IN SPECIALTY CROPS: To improve management of key pests of apples, grapes and caneberries (codling moth, tufted apple bud moth, variegated leafroller, redbanded leafroller, oriental fruit moth, grape berry moth, grape root borer, and Pierce's disease spread by sharpshooters) using a system of pheromone and sticky traps, PDAs and real-time weather data; to develop a disease risk assessment system that provides up-to-date map-based information on the risk of major fungal and bacterial diseases of grape for Virginia and other mid-Atlantic growers. IPM SUPPORT FOR PEST DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES: Four service laboratories will cover the range of plant pest problems, the Plant Disease Clinic, Nematode Assay Laboratory, Insect Identification Laboratory and the Weed Identification Laboratory. IPM TRAINING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HOUSING: Virginia State University and Virginia Tech partnered with the Petersburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority will identify critical IPM issues within public housing facilities and make a case for moving from a traditional pest management approach to an IPM approach. IPM EDUCATION FOR PESTICIDE APPLICATORS: To provide IPM training via the Virginia Tech Pesticide Program to farmers, commercial pesticide applicators, farm workers, home gardeners, pest managers, and pesticide safety educators.
Project Methods
AGRONOMIC CROPS: A survey of 60 soybean fields in 30 counties will be conducted July through September when the soybean crop is most susceptible to soybean aphid and brown marmorated stink bug damage. Aphid counts will be entered into the USDA PIPE and summaries will be provided to growers, agents, and Ag advisers on a weekly basis via the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory; we will use cover crops established in the fall to evaluate the effects on Palmer amaranth of above- and below-ground components of three crop residues types combined with our most effective herbicide programs; we will link the DD program for the bluegrass billbug with the diagnostic "paired feeding" holes that billbug adults make when feeding on young orchardgrass leaves. Findings will be disseminated through the VCE agent listserv, grower meetings, email alerts, and print media Grass Hay and Pasture section; we will develop a fact sheet on the Compact Method for sampling white grub. CONSUMER/URBAN: Workshops and PowerPoint presentations will be given both to Master Gardeners (MG) and landscape/arborist professionals on plant problem diagnosis and IPM. Recent urban MG survey data will be used to make improvements to web resources. Two new factsheets will be developed on commonly encountered landscape disease problems; we will conduct fescue lawn demonstrations in high traffic areas with two different mowing heights and different fertilization schedules; we will partner with the Virginia Pest Management Association (VPMA), the Virginia Beach Parks and Recreation Departments to deliver hands-on training for VCE agents, producers, pest control professionals and parks and recreation department employees on the advantages and disadvantages of existing fire ant treatment methods. SPECIALTY CROPS: Pheromone and sticky traps will be used by growers and VCE agents to monitor apple and grape pests in key regions. Personal digital assistants (PDA) will be used to enter scouting data in the field and instantly generate graphs of population activity. Daily weather data will be downloaded from a series of weather stations and combined with biofix data which will allow posting of current DD information with recommended target dates; we will establish a data management framework, select candidate disease predictive models, development a GIS module/application for visualization of disease risk map, and implement a web-based interactive user interface. PEST DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES: Four service laboratories will cover the range of plant pest problems, the Plant Disease Clinic, Nematode Assay Laboratory, Insect Identification Laboratory and the Weed Identification Laboratory. HOUSING: The VSU IPM Collaborator partnered with the Petersburg Redevelopment and Housing Authority and local building managers will assess and identify pest issues and established baseline data to implement and monitor program. PESTICIDE APPLICATIORS: We will implement a series of IPM Elements, including the merger of our pesticide safety education protocols into an overall IPM approach to crop management. Growers will be encouraged to adopt an IPM approach in Virginia through adoption of established IPM Elements.

Progress 08/01/10 to 07/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Virginia IPM Program was extended by 32.5 (FTEs) Virginia Tech specialist faculty (e.g., weed scientists, entomologists, plant pathologists, horticulturalists) and VCE, ANR agents. A total of 536 volunteers from the private sector contributed 10,455 hours. Totals of $3,692,067 and $857,377 in competitive and non-competitive grants, $743,035 in contracts, $57,380 in donations, $23,025 in in-kind donations, $1,753 in fellowships, and $6,390 in continuing education fees were generated from extramural funding sources for an annual total of $5,381,027 (a 38 percent increase over 2009). A total of 711 workshops, short courses, media pieces (radio/television), demonstrations, seminars, presentations, and in-service training programs were presented to a varied audience, including homeowners, Master Gardeners, public school officials, food preparation staff, pesticide dealers/distributors/handlers, growers, foresters, plant nursery, landscape, and golf course managers. A total of 214 Extension publications/written materials were developed, including fact sheets, peer-reviewed documents, manuals, guides, and newspaper and trade journal articles. The Plant Disease Clinic (PDC) received 1,265 plant samples and generated 1,436 plant disease diagnostic reports, including IPM-based recommendations, for 91 county Extension offices in Virginia and answered 92 telephone and 124 electronic/digital inquiries. Five GIS-based models were developed for grape disease forecasting in Virginia including Botrytis, Powdery Mildew, Black rot, Phomopsis, plus 2 models for Apple diseases: apple scab and fire blight. A web based geoprocessing service and user interface was prototyped for disease forecast models. A pre-treatment trapping program was initiated in 80 of the 436 Petersburg public housing units to determine the type of cockroaches and which non-toxic baits can be used to abate the infestations. Twelve presentations were given to 262 participants on diagnosing plant problems, IPM in the landscape/garden and emerging plant pathogens; participants included Master Gardeners (MGs), pesticide applicators, urban foresters, landscape professionals and Extension agents. A 4-hour IPM workshop was given to 9 MGs at the Annual MG College with a hands-on learning approach through case studies with emphasis on pathogen biology and environment as it relates to disease, selection of appropriately labeled pesticides, understanding pesticide labels and non-chemical control tactics. The benefits of combining hybrid bluegrass and tall fescue on disease severity and weed encroachment was also presented at 4 turfgrass meetings or field days, with the total attendance at these programs being over 400 individuals. 52 soybean fields in 30 counties throughout Virginia were monitored for soybean aphids and brown marmorated stink bug. Fields were visited every 10-14 days from August 2 to October 1, 2010. Weekly pest status and updates were provided to growers, agents and crop advisors via the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory. At the end of the season, a nine-question grower survey was conducted to evaluate the scouting program. PARTICIPANTS: Extension faculty Virginia Corn Board Virginia Cotton Growers Association Virginia Soybean Board Virginia Agricultural Council Virginia Vineyards Association Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Working Group North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium Mr. Paul Knight at Pennsylvania State University Climatology group Petersburg Housing authority staff Perma Treat pest control company, owner and technicians TARGET AUDIENCES: Commercial growers, foresters, nurserymen, winery owners, landscape professionals, arborists, non-commercial gardeners and landscapers, Master Gardeners, crop consultants, chemical companies, pesticide dealers and custom applicators, Extension agents, homeowners, NRCS personnel, tenants of four Petersburg, VA public housing complexes and Petersburg Housing Authority staff PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
A new degree-day program is improving protection of orchardgrass from the bluegrass billbug. The Virginia Potato Disease Advisory helped growers protect 6,000 acres of Irish potatoes from diseases while eliminating 5 fungicide applications, constituting a savings of $300,000 in unnecessary inputs. Over 2,000 plant nursery clients from throughout southeast Virginia learned the benefits and options for nonchemical weed control of invasive weeds. Workshops were rated very favorably (71 percent) to favorably (29 percent). Pre- and post-presentation results from Master Gardener (MG) workshops showed an average of 26 percent gain in knowledge of plant pathogens and diagnosis. Survey results of the MG College IPM workshop participants revealed that 57 percent were more likely and 43 percent were somewhat more likely to implement appropriate IPM tactics in their home garden/landscape. Official School IPM Guidelines were extended to 137 school facilities managers, nurses, administrators and pest management professionals. The statewide soybean field monitoring program found brown marmorated stink bug in 15 counties. Growers were alerted with weekly updates via the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory. A post-season survey indicated that the program helped growers to determine which fields needed to be protected (or not protected) with insecticide which resulted in cost savings, time savings, and increased crop protection. The Master Gardener Volunteer Program recruited, trained, and managed 371 volunteers who contributed 25,061 hours to educate 26,373 clients about proper selection and use of commercial pesticides. Use of Disparlure, an environmentally benign synthetic gypsy moth mating attractant, has grown from 7 percent in 1995 to 88percent of 553,643 acres treated in 2010. Shift to Disparlure is especially valuable in areas with threatened and endangered lepidopteran species. Electronic versions of Virginia Spray Bulletins and IPM Guides for fruit received almost 40,000 visits from commercial and home fruit producers. The Virginia Fruit Page website received 158,980 page views. Post program surveys in one planning district indicated that 80 percent of the fruit growers effectively managed their crops and followed current pesticide labeling requirements for fruit crops. IPM strategies were developed for managing brown marmorated stink bug in fruit crops. A survey of commercial producers who used The VT Plant Disease Clinic services revealed that 56 percent increased their knowledge of alternative control tactics which allowed them to develop a more strategic pest management approach. In the Petersburg public housing project, facilitator training evaluation forms noted a 95 percent rate of satisfaction from the participants and residents. Focus groups, surveys and resident meetings resulted in a 56 percent rate of improvement in resident housekeeping practices. The VT Pesticide Safety Education Program developed IPM Elements for Christmas Trees, and adoption by growers in southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina allowed them to brand their crops and to establish a new Frazier fir seedling nursery.

Publications

  • No publications reported this period


Progress 08/01/10 to 07/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Virginia IPM Program was extended by 32.5 (FTEs) Virginia Tech specialist faculty (e.g., weed scientists, entomologists, plant pathologists, horticulturalists) and VCE, ANR agents. A total of 536 volunteers from the private sector contributed 10,455 hours. Totals of $3,692,067 and $857,377 in competitive and non-competitive grants, $743,035 in contracts, $57,380 in donations, $23,025 in in-kind donations, $1,753 in fellowships, and $6,390 in continuing education fees were generated from extramural funding sources for an annual total of $5,381,027 (a 38 percent increase over 2009). A total of 711 workshops, short courses, media pieces (radio/television), demonstrations, seminars, presentations, and in-service training programs were presented to a varied audience, including homeowners, Master Gardeners, public school officials, food preparation staff, pesticide dealers/distributors/handlers, growers, foresters, plant nursery, landscape, and golf course managers. A total of 214 Extension publications/written materials were developed, including fact sheets, peer-reviewed documents, manuals, guides, and newspaper and trade journal articles. The Plant Disease Clinic (PDC) received 1,265 plant samples and generated 1,436 plant disease diagnostic reports, including IPM-based recommendations, for 91 county Extension offices in Virginia and answered 92 telephone and 124 electronic/digital inquiries. Five GIS-based models were developed for grape disease forecasting in Virginia including Botrytis, Powdery Mildew, Black rot, Phomopsis, plus 2 models for Apple diseases: apple scab and fire blight. A web based geoprocessing service and user interface was prototyped for disease forecast models. A pre-treatment trapping program was initiated in 80 of the 436 Petersburg public housing units to determine the type of cockroaches and which non-toxic baits can be used to abate the infestations. Twelve presentations were given to 262 participants on diagnosing plant problems, IPM in the landscape/garden and emerging plant pathogens; participants included Master Gardeners (MGs), pesticide applicators, urban foresters, landscape professionals and Extension agents. A 4-hour IPM workshop was given to 9 MGs at the Annual MG College with a hands-on learning approach through case studies with emphasis on pathogen biology and environment as it relates to disease, selection of appropriately labeled pesticides, understanding pesticide labels and non-chemical control tactics. The benefits of combining hybrid bluegrass and tall fescue on disease severity and weed encroachment was also presented at 4 turfgrass meetings or field days, with the total attendance at these programs being over 400 individuals. 52 soybean fields in 30 counties throughout Virginia were monitored for soybean aphids and brown marmorated stink bug. Fields were visited every 10-14 days from August 2 to October 1, 2010. Weekly pest status and updates were provided to growers, agents and crop advisors via the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory. At the end of the season, a nine-question grower survey was conducted to evaluate the scouting program. PARTICIPANTS: Extension faculty Virginia Corn Board Virginia Cotton Growers Association Virginia Soybean Board Virginia Agricultural Council Virginia Vineyards Association Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Working Group North American Raspberry & Blackberry Association Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium Mr. Paul Knight at Pennsylvania State University Climatology group Petersburg Housing authority staff Perma Treat pest control company, owner and technicians TARGET AUDIENCES: Commercial growers, foresters, nurserymen, winery owners, landscape professionals, arborists, non-commercial gardeners and landscapers, Master Gardeners, crop consultants, chemical companies, pesticide dealers and custom applicators, Extension agents, homeowners, NRCS personnel, tenants of four Petersburg, VA public housing complexes and Petersburg Housing Authority staff PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
A new degree-day program is improving protection of orchardgrass from the bluegrass billbug. The Virginia Potato Disease Advisory helped growers protect 6,000 acres of Irish potatoes from diseases while eliminating 5 fungicide applications, constituting a savings of $300,000 in unnecessary inputs. Over 2,000 plant nursery clients from throughout southeast Virginia learned the benefits and options for nonchemical weed control of invasive weeds. Workshops were rated very favorably (71 percent) to favorably (29 percent). Pre- and post-presentation results from Master Gardener (MG) workshops showed an average of 26 percent gain in knowledge of plant pathogens and diagnosis. Survey results of the MG College IPM workshop participants revealed that 57 percent were more likely and 43 percent were somewhat more likely to implement appropriate IPM tactics in their home garden/landscape. Official School IPM Guidelines were extended to 137 school facilities managers, nurses, administrators and pest management professionals. The statewide soybean field monitoring program found brown marmorated stink bug in 15 counties. Growers were alerted with weekly updates via the Virginia Ag Pest Advisory. A post-season survey indicated that the program helped growers to determine which fields needed to be protected (or not protected) with insecticide which resulted in cost savings, time savings, and increased crop protection. The Master Gardener Volunteer Program recruited, trained, and managed 371 volunteers who contributed 25,061 hours to educate 26,373 clients about proper selection and use of commercial pesticides. Use of Disparlure, an environmentally benign synthetic gypsy moth mating attractant, has grown from 7 percent in 1995 to 88percent of 553,643 acres treated in 2010. Shift to Disparlure is especially valuable in areas with threatened and endangered lepidopteran species. Electronic versions of Virginia Spray Bulletins and IPM Guides for fruit received almost 40,000 visits from commercial and home fruit producers. The Virginia Fruit Page website received 158,980 page views. Post program surveys in one planning district indicated that 80 percent of the fruit growers effectively managed their crops and followed current pesticide labeling requirements for fruit crops. IPM strategies were developed for managing brown marmorated stink bug in fruit crops. A survey of commercial producers who used The VT Plant Disease Clinic services revealed that 56 percent increased their knowledge of alternative control tactics which allowed them to develop a more strategic pest management approach. In the Petersburg public housing project, facilitator training evaluation forms noted a 95 percent rate of satisfaction from the participants and residents. Focus groups, surveys and resident meetings resulted in a 56 percent rate of improvement in resident housekeeping practices. The VT Pesticide Safety Education Program developed IPM Elements for Christmas Trees, and adoption by growers in southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina allowed them to brand their crops and to establish a new Frazier fir seedling nursery.

Publications

  • Bacheler, J., D.A. Herbert, Jr., J. Greene, P. Roberts, and E. Blinka. 2010. Scouting for stink bug damage in southeast cotton: description and use of a pocket scouting decision aid. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 3005-1445.
  • Brannen P., G. Schnabel, H. Burrack, D. Pfeiffer, W. Mitchum, K. Jennings, D. Lockwood, G. Fernandez, B. Bellinger, P. Guillebeau. 2010. Southeast Regional Caneberry Integrated Management Guide. Southeastern Small Fruit Consortium.
  • Krewer G., P. Brannen, W. Cline, F. Hale, D. Horton, H. Burrack, D. Pfeiffer, M. Czarnota, K. Jennings, W. Mitchum, D. Monks, D. Lockwood, B. Bellinger, P. Guillebeau, P. Sumner. 2011. Southeast Regional Blueberry Integrated Management Guide. Southeastern Small Fruit Consortium.
  • Kuhn W.R., R.R. Youngman, C.A. Laub, K. Love and T. Mize. 2010. Bluegrass billbug pest management in orchardgrass. VCE Ext. Pub. 444-040.
  • Kuhn W.R., R.R. Youngman, C.A. Laub, K. Love and T. Mize. 2010. Hunting billbug pest management in orchardgrass. VCE Ext. Pub. 444-041.
  • Laub. C. and R. Youngman. 2010. Grass Hay IPM Source web site.
  • Lockwood D., T. Sutton, H. Burrack, D. Pfeiffer, W. Mitchum, B. Bellinger, P. Guillebeau. 2010. Southeast Regional Bunch Grape Integrated Management Guide. Southeastern Small Fruit Consortium.
  • Majek B., P. Oudemans, D. Pfeiffer, D. Ward. Commercial grape pest control recommendations for New Jersey, 2010. Rutgers Coop. Ext. Publ. E283.
  • Maxey, L.M., D.G. Pfeiffer, C. Laub, T.P. Kuhar. 2011. Japanese beetle pest management in primocane-bearing raspberries. Va. Coop. Ext. Pub. 2909-1411.
  • Nita, M., K. Yoder. 2010. Development of a map-based apple and grape disease risk assessment system, Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Worker Meeting 2010.
  • Pfeiffer, D., C. Laub, R. Mays, T. Jordan. 2010. Mating disruption for grape root borer - 2010. Proc. 86th Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Workers' Conf., Winchester, VA.
  • Pfeiffer, D., T. Jordan, C. Laub, R. Mays. 2010. Elimination of brown marmorated stink bug from winegrape clusters at harvest. Proc. 86th Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Workers' Conf., Winchester, VA.
  • Pfeiffer, D., J. Bergh, R. Fell, H. Hogmire, C. Hooks, R. Yuan, C. Walsh, K. Yoder, A. Biggs, J. Kotcon, A. DeMarsay, J. Derr, R. Chandran, M. Weaver, J. Baniecki, J. Parkhurst. 2010. Spray Bulletin for Commercial Tree Fruit Growers. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-419. A regional manual for VA, WV and MD.
  • Pfeiffer, D., A. Baudoin, J. Bergh, M. Nita. 2010. Grapes: Diseases and Insects in Vineyards. pp 1-14. In: 2010 Pest Management Guide for Horticultural and Forest Crops. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-017.
  • Pfeiffer, D., C. Johnson, K. Yoder, J. Bergh. 2010. Commercial Small Fruits: Disease and Insects. pp. 1-14. In: 2010 Pest Management Guide for Horticultural and Forest Crops. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-017.
  • Phipps, P., Koenning, S., Rideout, S. Stromberg, E. Bush, E. 2010. Common Diseases of Soybean in the Mid-Atlantic Region (VCE #3001-1435). Online: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/3001/3001-1435/3001-1435.pdf.
  • Poling B., J. Louws, P. Smith, H. Burrack, D. Pfeiffer, W. Mitchum, K. Jennings. 2011. Southeastern Regional Strawberry Integrated Management Guide. Southeastern Small Fruit Consortium.
  • Rideout, S.L., Waldenmaier, C., Bush, E. 2011. Vegetables: pp. 5-8. In: 2011 Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-018.
  • Tiwari, S., R.R. Youngman, T.A. Jordan, and C.A. Laub. 2010. A technique using reusable components for hand infesting cornstalks with European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae. J. Econ. Entomol. 103: 2080-2086.
  • Bush, E.A. 2010. Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Landscape Trees (VCE#3001-1433). Online: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/3001/3001-1433/3001-1433.pdf.
  • Cutulle M., J. Derr, A. Nichols, and B. Horvath. 2010. Interaction of mowing height, fertilization, and preemergence herbicide application on brown patch and bermudagrass encroachment in tall fescue. Va. Turfgrass Journal May/June p. 24.
  • Cutulle M., J. Derr, A. Nichols, and B. Horvath. 2010. Reducing pesticide inputs with combinations of tall fescue and hybrid bluegrass. Va. Turfgrass Journal May/June p. 20-21.
  • Cutulle M., J. Derr, A. Nichols, D. McCall, B. Horvath. 2010. Impact of mowing height and fertility on weed encroachment. 2010 Virginia Turfgrass Field Days Research Update. p. 25
  • Cutulle M., J. Derr, A. Nichols, B. Horvath. 2010. Combinations of tall fescue and hybrid bluegrass for reduced pesticide inputs. 2010 Virginia Turfgrass Field Days Research Update. p. 27.
  • Demchak K., T. Elkner, S. Esslinger, M. Frazier, S. Guiser, J. Halbrendt, J. Harper, G. Krawczyk, H. Ngugi, K. Richards, E. Sanchez, G. San Julian, J. Travis, J. Heckman, B. Majek, P. Nitzsche, P. Oudemans, G. Pavlis, D. Polk, C. Rodriguez-Saona, W. Sciarappa, D. Ward, D. Caron, G. Johnson, B. Butler, J. Fiola, W. Lantz, H. Swartz, M. Ehlenfeldt, J. Derr, C. Johnson, D. Pfeiffer, A. Straw, K. Yoder, J. Baniecki, A. Biggs, H. Hogmire, J. Jett, E. Mashburn. 2010. The Mid-Atlantic Berry Guide for Commercial Growers. Pa. State Univ., Agric. Res. Coop. Ext. 271 p.
  • Gaton, H., T. Schooley, A. Baudoin, J. Derr, D. Pfeiffer, M. Weaver, T. K. Wolf. 2010. Crop profile for grapes in Virginia. Southern Region IPM Center, USDA Office of Pest Management Policy, Virginia Tech. 56 pp.
  • Gatton, H., T. Schooley, S. Terwilliger, D. Tuckey, A. Baudoin, J. Derr, D. Pfeiffer, M. Weaver, and T. Wolf. 2010. Crop profile for wine grapes in Virginia. Southern Region IPM Center. 56pp.
  • Gatton, H., D. McCall, R. Youngman, M. Weaver, M. Goatley, D. Carley. 2011. Pest Management Strategic Plan for Turfgrass in Virginia and North Carolina, with input from Maryland and South Carolina. Southern Region IPM Center. 85pp.
  • Gatton, H., A. Baudoin, J. Derr, M. Nita, D. Pfeiffer, M. Weaver, T. Wolf, H. Burrack, S. Spayd, T. Sutton, and S. Toth. 2011. IPM Elements for Wine Grapes in Virginia and North Carolina. Southern IPM Center., Raleigh, NC. 10pp.
  • Gatton, H. A., T. Schooley, S. Terwilliger, D. Tuckey, R. Byers, J. Derr, R. Marini, D. Pfeiffer, M. Weaver, and K. Yoder. 2010. Crop profile for apples in Virginia. Southern IPM Center. 55pp.
  • Gatton, H., Weaver, M. S. Terwilliger, K. Peer, and E. Day. 2010. Crop profile for Christmas trees in Virginia. Southern Region IPM Center. 41pp.
  • Herbert, D.A. 2010. Virginia Cotton Production Guide, Insect Control. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 2810-1019, pp. 20-45.
  • Herbert, D.A. 2010. Virginia Peanut Production Guide, Insect Control. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 2810-1017, pp. 45-60.
  • Herbert, D.A. 2010. Insect Pest Management in Virginia Cotton, Peanut and Soybean. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 2812-1027. 139pp.
  • Herbert, D.A. 2010. Pest Management Guide Field Crops: Insects in Small Grains (pp. 49-46); Insects in Soybean (pp. 61-75); Insects in Peanut (pp. 95-103); Insects in Cotton (105-117); Stored-grain Insect Pest Management (119-126). Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-016.
  • Jordan T., D. Pfeiffer. 2010. Predictive modeling of grape berry moth phenology using pheromone traps and PRISM. Proc. 86th Cumberland-Shenandoah Fruit Workers' Conf., Winchester, VA.
  • Yoder, K., D. Pfeiffer, J. Bergh, M. Nita. 2010. Home Fruit: Diseases and Insects. pp 1-24. In: 2010 Pest Management Guide for Home Grounds and Animals. Va. Coop. Ext. Publ. 456-018.
  • Youngman, R. 2011. A research-based compact method that is a fall sampling strategy for white grubs that provides timely information for decision-making. Pest Management Guide: Field Crops. 1 p. (circ. about 300).
  • Youngman, R., C. Laub, S. Wu, and W. Kuhn. July 2011. Masked chafer control. Golf Course Management (Official Pub. Golf Course Superintendents of Am. circ. 26,400). 160 words.
  • Youngman, R., C. Laub, S. Wu, and W. Kuhn. May/June 2011. New chemistries and timing options for managing masked chafers. Virginia Turfgrass Journal (J. VA Turfgrass Council, circ. 2,800). 2 pp.
  • Youngman, R., C. Laub, S. Wu, W. Kuhn, and M. Goatley. May/June 2010. Efficacy of selected soil insecticides against masked chafer grubs in turf. Virginia Turfgrass Journal (J. VA Turfgrass Council, circ. 2,800). 2 pp.
  • Youngman, R. 2011. Pest Management Guide: Field Crops: Sections revised annually: Alfalfa, Field Corn, Grass Hay and Pasture, and Sorghum.
  • Youngman, R. 2010. Pest Management Guide: Horticultural and Forest Crops. Section revised annually: Turf Insects.
  • Youngman, R. and C. Laub. 2010. Virginia Field Corn IPM Source web site.
  • Youngman, R.R., W.R. Kuhn and C.A. Laub. 2010. Billbug IPM: Scouting, pest management options, and application timing for billbugs in orchardgrass. Adobe Presenter module; approx. 8 minutes. http://connect.ag.vt.edu/billbugipm2/
  • Youngman, R. 2011. Avipel - humane bird management. EPA approved Section 18 for Avipel use on field corn and sweet corn to repel birds in Virginia.