Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems

SOUTHEAST PARTNERSHIP FOR INTEGRATED BIOMASS SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Sponsoring Institution

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Project Status

EXTENDED

Funding Source

AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT

Reporting Frequency

Annual

Accession No.

0225502

Grant No.

2011-68005-30410

Project No.

TEN02010-05061

Proposal No.

2010-05061

Multistate No.

(N/A)

Program Code

A6101

Project Start Date

Aug 1, 2011

Project End Date

Jul 31, 2018

Grant Year

2015

Project Director
Rials, T. G.

Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
2621 MORGAN CIR
KNOXVILLE,TN 37996-4540

Performing Department
Center for Renewable Carbon

Non Technical Summary
The southeast U.S. has the potential to produce half of the nation's advanced cellulosic biofuels if sustainable feedstock production and cost-effective biofuels conversion systems can be developed and deployed. The Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS) will develop and demonstrate solutions for sustainable production and conversion of biomass to biofuel in a targeted region of the southeastern United States (Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina). The IBSS Partnership will work to develop and deploy sustainable production systems for biomass feedstocks, which include switchgrass, pine, and hardwoods, so these feedstocks can be easily and affordably converted to butanol, or synthetic diesel fuel, and produce heat and power for the biorefinery. The project begins by developing a complete understanding of how genetic, environmental, and production factors impact the quality of the biomass and ultimately the cost of biofuels. A particular strength of this project is the characterization and evaluation of new and commercial varieties of switchgrass, pine, and hardwoods that will result in higher quality, lower cost biofuels. The research will determine how harvesting, processing, and storage techniques influence biofuel production costs. The IBSS Partnership also will accelerate deployment of biofuels production in the region by integrating education, extension, and outreach programs to train students and practicing professionals for careers in the industry. Community based professionals will conduct community needs assessments around our industry partner biorefinery sites. The work will define the local biofuels production potential, needs for educational materials and field demonstrations, and needs for locally relevant social and sustainability metrics. An undergraduate fellowship program will educate students from the region, with special emphasis on underrepresented groups, through educational programs with actual biofuel industry deployment experience in communities. Transdisciplinary teams of students will be selected, trained, and deployed in communities to solve actual biofuel deployment problems in the communities. Also, the project will develop an education program that trains Certified Biomass Professionals to deploy and supply the biofuels industry. These certified professionals, with the support of ongoing extension programs, will interface between biomass producer and biofuel converter to help advise and assist both groups in producing and marketing the highest-quality, lowest-cost biomass feedstock designed for specific biofuel conversion platforms. Finally, the project will develop and demonstrate sustainability tools to assist continued regional development of the biofuel industry. These tools will be web-based, or available on mobile platforms, for use by the Certified Professionals, rural economic development groups, landowners, and the biofuels industry. The tools will include a community readiness index along with other sustainability metrics to inform landowners and rural economic development groups on the most effective deployment of a southeastern biofuels industry.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

Applied

50%

Developmental

45%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
511	0670	1080	10%
511	1629	1080	10%
511	0670	2000	10%
511	1629	2000	10%
511	0670	2020	20%
511	1629	2020	20%
511	0670	2090	10%
511	1629	2090	10%

Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes;

Subject Of Investigation
1629 - Perennial grasses, other; 0670 - Short rotation woody crops, including holiday trees;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics; 2020 - Engineering; 2000 - Chemistry; 2090 - Statistics, econometrics, and biometrics;

Keywords

Goals / Objectives
The Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS) will demonstrate real-world solutions for the economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable production of biomass for advanced biofuels production in the southeast United States (SE US). The objectives of this project are to: (A) Develop and demonstrate sustainable production systems for herbaceous and woody feedstocks (Switchgrass, Pine, and Hardwoods) to deliver low-cost, easily converted biomass that is useful for the biochemical conversion to butanol, and the associated heat and power needs of the biorefinery; and in a parallel effort, deliver the biomass feedstocks or residues to produce Fischer-Tropsch diesel. (B) Facilitate the successful deployment of the southeast's biofuels industry using creative education, extension, and outreach (E2O) programs that provide real-world examples to inform landowners and rural communities, train students and practicing professionals, and directly address the array of complex trade-offs required for commercialization. (C) Develop and demonstrate sustainability tools to enable the large-scale deployment of the biofuel industry across the SE US. Expected outputs from the project include the following: 1) A clear understanding of how genetic, environmental, and production factors impact costs and yields in biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes; 2) An understanding of how harvesting, processing, and storage, in particular for biomass that has a semiannual or annual harvest cycle, impacts costs and yields in biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes; 3) Use community-based biomass E2O professionals to provide an understanding of the drivers and needs of large and small landowners producing different biomass feedstocks; 4) An ongoing undergraduate fellowship program designed to provide students with actual biofuel industry deployment experience in communities; 5) An ongoing education and extension program that produces certified biomass professionals to support and supply the biofuels industry; 6) A validated set of E2O tools that includes a community readiness index along with other sustainability metrics and communications tools used to inform landowners and rural economic development groups about how to deploy biofuels industries.

Project Methods
The IBSS team will sample existing trials of switchgrass, pine, poplar, and eucalyptus with known genetics to assess variation in feedstock properties using established high-throughput spectroscopic and pyroprobe screening protocols for feedstock chemistry. Using traditional genetic and biotechnology approaches, and building on existing and newly developed genomic sequences, we will work to identify breakthroughs for the cost-effective delivery of: 1) sugars for biochemical conversion, and 2) optimized feedstocks, including biomass residues, for thermochemical conversion to Fischer-Tropsch diesel, heat, and power. Additional research will document impacts on feedstock and final biofuel cost and quality from various production, harvesting, processing, transportation, and storage scenarios; and, will occur at existing and selected new sites. Feedstock logistics research and development will focus on: 1) storage systems to maximize switchgrass feedstock quality and ultimate sugar yield; and 2) harvesting, processing, and transportation systems for delivering lowest-cost feedstocks from bioenergy crop systems (herbaceous and hardwood crops). Community based extension professionals will conduct community needs assessments around both the Genera Energy site in Vonore TN, and the proposed ClearFuels site Collinwood, TN. This will establish the local production potential, develop educational materials and field demonstrations, and define locally relevant social sustainability metrics. A specialized educational program for undergraduates will develop a new cadre of professionals to develop and deploy biofuel industry solutions. The SEED Fellowship program will recruit undergraduate students from the IBSS lead institutions and HBCU partners. Trans-disciplinary teams will be formed to create solutions to real-world biofuel industry and community development problems. An additional program will train Certified Biomass Procurement/Production Professionals (CBPP). Basic curricula and a core set of courses will be developed for the CBPP program and delivered by extension professionals. Through this approach, the extension program will deploy certified professionals working at the interface between biomass and biofuel producers, as well as educating investors to facilitate deployment of the biofuel industry. The innovative Community Readiness Index will be coupled with other sustainability metrics derived from validated life-cycle assessment data for the biochemical (i.e., butanol) and thermochemical conversion approaches of our partners. These sustainablility tools will be developed for both woody and perennial feedstock systems, and used to evaluate economic and environmental impacts of large-scale biofuels production across the SE US.

Progress 08/01/16 to 07/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Policy makers, the scientific community at large, academia, national laboratories, federal and state agencies, private industry, public interest groups, the government sector, land-grant institutions, agricultural producers, forest products industry, bioenergy and biofuels industries, and additional stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?There have been significant training and professional development activities with the SEED Fellows and numerous graduate students. The professional development activities include technical writing, oral communication, protecting intellectual property, research integrity, and participation in professional meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination has occurred through presentations at professional meetings and publication of research results through traditional peer-reviewed outlets. Also, the team developed and published the Auburn Speaks book, which captures many of the developments from The IBSS Partnership and synthesizes the program in terms (and format) for diverse audiences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Work will center on monitoring growth and yield of hybrid poplar under a coppice management system. IBSS trials in Columbus, MS and Knoxville, TN are in their second year of regrowth. Plans are in place to harvest both trials, in collaboration with NewBIO and AHB. Prior to the harvest, a comprehensive inventory will be completed along with a destructive sampling to determine biomass yield. The traditional ground-based measurements will be supplemented with aerial, remote-sensed data to advance monitoring methods requiring less time and manpower. In the spring of 2018, the trials will be removed and the sites restored as required by the landowner agreement. There is only limited data available on the performance of hybrid poplar in thermochemical processes. As such, research will continue to evaluate gasification and pyrolysis of short-rotation hardwood (and pine biomass). This information will serve to inform IBSS process models, enabling that component of the project to be finalized. The use of these TEA and GIS-LCA tools to better understand the effects of natural variation, and trade-off will be the focus of the work in the final year. Over the course of the year, a final report will be developed for USDA-NIFA that highlights progress and summarizes the impacts of the overall program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The IBSS Partnership has emphasized the advancement of promising alternative feedstock for the regional industry, particularly hybrid poplar. In collaboration with Advanced Hardwood Biofuels, the inventory was completed on both the Columbus, MS site (ca. 80 acres) and the Knoxville, TN site. Both trials were harvested in 2016, and regeneration monitoring was conducted throughout the year. The program has identified two clonal varieties (one cottonwood and one hybrid) that demonstrate outstanding performance in the region. In general, most varieties have demonstrated good growth and yield; however, resistance to Septoria appears to be an issue for many. Initial observations suggest considerable potential for this coppice management system to provide high-quality biomass, particularly for thermochemical conversion technologies. Although limited in scope, research has defined chemical composition and other biomass traits generated under this production system. Additionally, large-scale gasification campaigns were conducted in late 2016 to continue evaluating the gasification of pine and short-rotation hardwood crops, including intermediate yield and quality. Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) research was conducted to quantify the ability of UAS data collection to determine biomass growth and yield and tree height at the hybrid poplar plantation in Mississippi. Several data collection campaigns were conducted in 2016 and 2017. Work has continued on the analysis of the interplay between the 'quality' characteristics, and financial and environmental costs of the alternative IBSS feedstocks. Proprietary work done by our commercial partners has been replicated by IBSS and also by researchers at DOE and universities around the world. This laboratory work has allowed the NCSU team to improve the ASPEN engineering process models to account for variations in the moisture content (MC), the ash content and the carbon content of the incoming biomass, e.g., pine, switchgrass and short rotation woody crops such as poplar. The conversion technology that can best utilize this array of feedstocks in based on fast pyrolysis that produces an intermediate bio-oil that is then hydrotreated to produce a final hydrocarbon fuel, e.g., gasoline and diesel. The laboratory work mentioned above showed the strong negative effects of ash, in particular alkaline earth elements, on the yield of bio-oil, and the associated production of greater amounts of low value char. This bio-oil ASPEN model has been used to predict the amount of gasoline and diesel fuel can be produced from the different IBSS feedstocks. This bio-oil ASPEN model was also used for predicting the capital and operating costs, and also the energy consumption and environmental emissions from the bio-oil based biorefinery. At the same time the IBSS team has continued to work on large scale field work in Columbus, MS, with the goal of demonstrating lower cost methods for biomass production, and also obtaining real world data on the MC and composition of the different harvested biomass feedstocks. The technoeconomic analysis (TEA) work then combined data from the field work, and capital and operating cost information from the ASPEN model predict the overall cost of making a hydrocarbon fuel from a particular biomass. Also, the combination of field data for the establishment and harvesting of biomass, combined with energy consumption and environmental emissions from the ASPEN model allowed for the evaluation of the environmental life cycle analysis (LCA) of burdens associated with production of these biobased hydrocarbon fuels. The TEA analysis showed that the yield of the final product is the dominate feature in the overall cost of the final hydrocarbon product, for a fixed IRR. A 10% swing in the annual production of the final hydrocarbon resulted in a $80 million change, positive or negative, the NPV. The yield of hydrocarbon is dominated by the yield of the intermediate bio-oil, which is in turn dominated by the ash content of the biomass. The overall capital cost of the biorefinery and the cost of the biomass were the second and third most important drivers. Operating costs, specifically, natural gas prices were of minor importance if they varied +/- 10% from today's prices. But if the range of actual natural gas prices over the past 10 years was considered then the high natural gas (pre-fracking prices) also were a very significant drag on the NPV. The ASPEN engineering process model also allowed the IBSS team to conduct LCA of the pine and switchgrass based biorefinery. In both cases five specific process steps were considered, 1) biomass establishment and maintenance, 2) harvesting and storage, 3) transportation of the biomass to the biorefinery, 4) emissions from the biorefinery, and 5) transportation from the biorefinery to the fuel distribution site. In all cases the emissions from the biorefinery dominate the EPA TRACI emissions. A more detailed analysis that used GIS tools to track the LCA attributes to an actual landscape, showed how environmental burdens were distributed across a landscape. For example, the LCA burdens such as greenhouse gases or PM2.5 associated with the transportation of the biomass to the biorefinery are a modest percentage of the total burdens, generally below 5%. But since the burdens track to a road network, and this network becomes more concentrated as they get closer to the biorefinery, the PM 2.5 emissions from transportation experienced by a local population can be very high near the biorefinery. Several outreach and education projects were completed this year. IBSS coordinated a significant Bioenergy Day 2016 event along with Oak Ridge National Laboratory that was very well attended. Also, the final cohort of SEED Fellows completed their work in the late summer of 2016. These students presented their research work at the 2016 ASABE Annual International Meeting.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gbenga Adebayo Olatunde, Oladiran Fasina, Timothy McDonald, Sushil Adhikari, Steve Duke. 2016. Moisture effect on fluidization behavior of loblolly pine wood grinds. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. DOI 10.1007/s13399-016-0223-9.
Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Suchithra T. Gopakumar and Sushil Adhikari. 2016. Fast pyrolysis of agriculture wastes for bio-fuel and bio-char in Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals. Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Kristen Heimann and Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu (Ed.). Springer, Singapore. ISBN-10: 978-1-100-148-2.
Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari, Avanti Kulkarni and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine. 2016. Combustion in Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Yebo Li and Samir Khanal (Ed.). Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 1118568311.
Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari, Nourredine Abdoulmoumine and Avanti Kulkarni. 2016. Gasification in Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Yebo Li and Samir Khanal (Ed.). Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 1118568311.
Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oladiran Fasina, Oluwafemi Oyedeji, Gbenga Olatunde, Sushil Adhikari, and Tim McDonald. 2016. Biomass size reduction: a necessary evil. Auburn Speaks: On Biofuels in the Southeast. pp 86-93. ISBN: 9781945603129. Sushil Adhikari. 2016. Educating the next generation of biofuels researchers. Auburn Speaks: On Biofuels in the Southeast. pp 188-191. ISBN: 9781945603129.
Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari, Noureddine Abdoulmoumine, Phillip Cross, Avanti Kulkarni and Steve Taylor. 2016. Thermochemical conversion: Biomass gasification for the production of fuels and chemicals. Auburn Speaks: On Biofuels in the Southeast. pp 113-117. ISBN: 9781945603129.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Olufemi A. Oyedeji, Oladiran Fasina, Sushil Adhikari, Tim McDonald, and Steve Taylor. 2016. The effect of storage time and moisture content on grindability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. Vol. 74 (6). pp. 857-866.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Rajdeep Shakya, Kaige Wang, David C. Dayton, Mi Li, Yunqiao Pu, Arthur J. Ragauskas. 2016. Effect of torrefaction temperature on lignin macromolecule and product distribution from HZSM-5 catalytic pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. Vol. 122, pp. 95-105.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Naijia Hao, Haoxi Ben, Chang Yoo, Sushil Adhikari, Arthur Ragauskas. 2016. Review of NMR characterization of pyrolysis oils. Energy Fuels. 30 (9), pp 68636880.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oluwatosin Oginni, Oladiran Fasina, Sushil Adhikari and John Fulton. 2016. Physical and flow properties of fractionated loblolly pine grinds. Trans of ASABE. Vol. 59(5), pp. 999-1008.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Narendra Sadhwani, Sushil Adhikari, Mario Eden, Zhouhong Wang, and Ryan Baker. 2016. Southern pines char gasification with CO2 - kinetics and effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Fuel Processing Technology. Vol. 150, pp. 64-70.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yusuf Celikbag, Brain Via, Sushil Adhikari, Gisela Buschle-Diller, Maria L. Auad. 2016. The effect of ethanol on the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the biopolyol produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of loblolly pine: 31P-NMR and 19F-NMR analysis. Bioresource Technology. Vol. 214, pp. 37-44.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Rajdeep Shakya, Kaige Wang, David Dayton, Michael Lehrich and Steven Taylor. 2016. Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Energy Fuels. Vol. 30 (4), pp. 30453056.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Nourredine Abdoulmoumine, Sushil Adhikari, and Avanti Kulkarni. 2016. Effects of temperature and equivalence ratio on mass balance and energy analysis in loblolly pine oxygen gasification. Energy Science & Engineering. Vol. 4 (4), pp. 256-268.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Gbenga Adebayo Olatunde, Oladiran Fasina, Timothy McDonald, Sushil Adhikari, Steve Duke. 2016. Size measurement method for loblolly pine grinds and influence on predictability of fluidization. Canadian Biosystems Engineering (CBE) journal. Vol. 58. pp. 4.1-4.10.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Avanti Kulkarni, Ryan Baker, Nourredine Abdoulmomine, Sushil Adhikari and Sushil Bhavnani. 2016. Experimental study of torrefied pine as a gasification fuel using a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Renewable Energy. Vol. 96, pp. 460-468.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Narendra Sadhwani, Sushil Adhikari, Mario Eden. 2016. Biomass gasification using carbon dioxide: Effect of temperature, CO2/C ratio and the study of reactions influencing the process Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Vol. 55 (10), pp 28832891.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Rajdeep Shakya, Sushil Adhikari, Oladiran Fasina and Steve Taylor. 2016. Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Effect of blending southern pine and switchgrass. Trans of ASABE. Vol. 59(1) pp. 5-10.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhouhong Wang, Sushil Adhikari, Peter Valdez, Rajdeep Shakya and Cassidy Laird. 2016. Upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from algae grown in municipal wastewater. Fuel Processing Technology. Vol.142, pp.147-156.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Superstructure Optimization of Integrated Fast Pyrolysis-Gasification for Production of Liquid Fuels and Propylene, Invited Paper, Tribute to Founders: Roger Sargent Process Systems Engineering, AIChE Journal, 62(9), pp. 3155-3176.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Li P., Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): A Comparative Study of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Liquid Transportation Fuels Production from Biomass, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 38, pp. 2025-2030.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Integrated Biorefinery Scheme Design for the Co-production of Premium Quality Liquid Fuels and Propylene, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 38, pp. 2001-2006.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R., Gani R. (2016): Toward the Development and Deployment of Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Processes, Invited paper, I&EC Research, 55(12), pp. 3383-3419. Selected to be featured in ACS Editors Choice.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B., Fasina, O., and Eckhardt, L. 2016. Rapid quantitative analysis of forest biomass using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. J. Analytical Methods in Chemistry. doi:10.1155/2016/1839598.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oginni, O., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S. and Fulton, J. 2016. Physical and flow properties of fractionated loblolly pine grinds. Trans. ASABE. 59: 999-1008.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B., Billor, N., Fasina, O. and Eckhardt, L. 2016. Identifying plant part composition of forest logging residue using infrared spectral data and linear discriminant analysis. Sensors 16. doi:10.3390/s16091375.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, X., Zhang, Z.T., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.F. (2016) Production of polyhydroxybuyrate (PHB) from switchgrass pretreated with a radio frequency-assisted heating process. Biomass and Bioenergy. 94: 220-227.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, J., Taylor, S., Wang, Y. (2016) Effects of end products on fermentation profiles in Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 for syngas fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 218: 1055-1063.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, Y., Zhang, Z.T., Seo, S.O., Lynn, P., Lu, T., Jin, Y.S., Blaschek., H.P. (2016) Bacterial genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9: deletion, integration, single nucleotide modification, and desirable clean mutant selection in Clostridium beijerinckii as an example. ACS Synthetic Biology. 5: 721-732.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, Y., Zhang, Z.T., Seo, S.O., Lynn, P., Lu, T., Jin, Y.S., Blaschek., H.P. (2016) Gene transcription repression in Clostridium beijerinckii using CRISPR-dCas9. Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 113:2739-2743 (Journal Spotlighted).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, X., Zhang, Z.T., Wang, Y., Wang, Y.F. (2016) Improvement of Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production from switchgrass pretreated with a radio frequency-assisted heating process. Fuel. 182: 166-173.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Olatunde, O., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S., McDonald, T. and Duke, S. 2016. Size measurement method for loblolly pine grinds and influence on predictability of fluidization. Canadian Biosystems Engng. 58: 4.1-4.10.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, X., Taylor, S., and Wang, Y., 2016. Improvement of radio frequency (RF) heating-assisted alkaline pretreatment on four categories of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 39 (10): 1539 - 1551
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y.* Biobutanol production from renewable resources: recent advances. In Advances in Bioenergy. Y. Li, eds. Elsevier, 2016. (Book Chapter)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Celikbag, Y., & Via, B. K. (2016). Characterization of Residue and Bio-Oil Produced by Liquefaction of Loblolly Pine at Different Reaction Times. Forest Products Journal, 66(1), 29-36.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pan, Y., Liu, Y., Cheng, Q., Celikbag, Y., Via, B. K., Wang, X., & Sun, R. (2016). Surface coating of microcrystalline cellulose with surfactants and paraffin wax. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 1-3.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Baxter HL, Alexander LW, Mazarei M, Haynes E, Turner GB, Sykes RW, Decker SR, Davis MF, Dixon RA, Wang Z-Y, Stewart CN Jr. Hybridization of downregulated-COMT transgenic switchgrass lines with field-selected switchgrass for improved biomass traits. Euphytica 2016 (accepted).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pan, P., McDonald, T. P., Via, B. K., Fulton, J. P., & Hung, J. Y. (2016). Predicting moisture content of chipped pine samples with a multi-electrode capacitance sensor. Biosystems Engineering, 145, 1-9.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Hui, B., Li, G., Li, J., & Via, B. K. (2016). Hydrothermal deposition and photoresponsive properties of WO 3 thin films on wood surfaces using ethanol as an assistant agent. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 64, 336-342.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Baxter HL, Alexander LW, Mazarei M, Haynes E, Turner GB, Sykes RW, Decker SR, Davis MF, Dixon RA, Wang Z-Y, Stewart CN Jr. Hybridization of downregulated-COMT transgenic switchgrass lines with field-selected switchgrass for improved biomass traits. Euphytica 2016, DOI 10.1007/s10681-016-1632-3.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Baxter, H.L., Alexander, L.W., Mazarei, M., Haynes, E., Turner, G.B., Sykes, R.W., Decker, S.R., Davis, M.F., Dixon, R.A., Wang, Z-Y., Stewart, C.N. Jr (2016). Hybridization of downregulated-COMT transgenic switchgrass lines with field-selected switchgrass for improved biomass traits. Euphytica 209, 341-355.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wang, C & Venditti R (2015). UV Cross-Linkable Lignin Thermoplastic Graft Copolymers, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engg . In Press
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Phillip Cross, Calvin Mukarakate, Mark Nimlos, Daniel Carpenter and Sushil Adhikari. Thermochemical conversion of drought tolerant biomass. AU College of Engineering Graduate Students Research Showcase. October 20th, 2016. (Poster Presentation)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sanjeev K C, Sushil Adhikari, Ujjain Pradhan and Rajdeep Shakya. Understanding the effect of Catalytic Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Produced using CaO during hydrotreatment. AU College of Engineering Graduate Students Research Showcase. October 20th, 2016. (Poster Presentation)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Khalida Binte Harun, Sushil Adhikari, and Zhouhong Wang. Green hydrogen production via thermocatalytic decomposition of methane. AU College of Engineering Graduate Students Research Showcase. October 20th, 2016. (Poster Presentation)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Narendra Sadhwani, Sushil Adhikari and Mario Eden. Conversion of carbon dioxide and biomass for fuels and chemicals precursor. AU College of Agriculture Research Showcase. October 27th, 2016. (Poster Presentation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lignin-based thermoplastic materials, C. Wang, S. S. Kelley, and Richard Venditti, ChemSusChem, in press, DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501531, 2016.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Perdue, J.H., T.M. Young, J. Stanturf, D. Doughetry, Z. Guo, and *X. Huang. 2015. A spatial economic analysis of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) for short-rotation woody crops. Biomass and Bioenergy. Resubmitted April 2016.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zalesny Jr., R.S. J.A. Stanturf, E.S. Gardiner, G.S. Ba�uelos, R.A. Hallett, A. Hass, C.M. Stange, J.H. Perdue, T.M. Young, D.R. Coyle, W.L. Headlee. 2016. Environmental technologies of woody crop production systems. BioEnergy Research. 9(2):492-506.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zalesny Jr., R.S. J.A. Stanturf, E.S. Gardiner, J.H. Perdue, T.M. Young, D.R. Coyle, W.L. Headlee, G.S. Ba�uelos, R.A. Hallett, A. Hass, C.M. Stange. 2016. Ecosystem services of woody crop production systems. BioEnergy Research. 9(2):465-491.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Steve Taylor. Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems 5-Year Summary of Accomplishments. USDA NIFA Project Directors Meeting. New Orleans, LA. October 18, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Steve Taylor. Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems Lessons Learned. USDA NIFA Project Directors Meeting. New Orleans, LA. October 19, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari. Prospects of biofuels in Nepal: case of algal biorefinery. Nepal Engineering Association, Lalitpur, Nepal. Dec 23, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari. Biomass quality and its effects during the production of hydrocarbons via fast pyrolysis process. Institute of Engineering, Lalitpur, Nepal. Dec 26, 2016
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari. Effect of biomass minerals in pyrolysis for the production of hydrocarbons. 3rd Workshop on ProBioRefine. Auburn University, Alabama. December 7-8, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari. Biomass fast pyrolysis for the production of fuels: effect of biomass ash. Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, the Ohio State University, Wooster, OH. May 09, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Rajdeep Shakya, David Dayton and Kaige Wang. Effect of torrefaction temperature on lignin macromolecule and product distribution from pyrolysis. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) annual international meeting, Orlando, FL. July 17-20, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Phillip Cross, Calvin Mukarakate, Rui Katahira, Mark Nimlos, and Sushil Adhikari. Gasification of lignin dimers and ethanol organosolv lignin. Thermochemical Symposium (TCS) 2016. Chapel Hill, NC. November 1-4th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rajdeep Shakya and Sushil Adhikari. Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This is Research: Faculty Symposium. Auburn University, Auburn, AL. September 16th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Rajdeep Shakya, David Dayton and Kaige Wang. Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass A micro-reactor study. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) annual international meeting, Orlando, FL. July 17-20, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhouhong Wang, Sushil Adhikari, Maria Auad, Mehul Barde and Melanie McDonald. Substitute phenol with bio-oil in the production of novolac resin. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) annual international meeting, Orlando, FL. July 17-20, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rajdeep Shakya, Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Zhouhong Wang and Tom Dempster. Understanding the effect of biochemical composition of algae on the bio-oil yield and upgrading of produced oil. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) annual international meeting, Orlando, FL. July 17-20, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rajdeep Shakya, Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Tom Dempster and Mary Cuevas. Understanding the effect of biochemical composition on the bio-oil yield and upgrading. 6th International Conference on Algal BBB. San Diego, CA. June 26th-29th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sushil Adhikari. Effect of biomass ash on the production of liquid fuels: case of pyrolysis. 14th International Symposium on Bioplastics, Biocomposites and Biorefining. Guelph, Canada. May 31st-June 3rd, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhouhong Wang, Sushil Adhikari, Maria Auad, Mehul Barde and Melanie McDonald. Substitute phenol with bio-oil in the production of novalac resin. 14th International Symposium on Bioplastics, Biocomposites and Biorefining. Guelph, Canada. May 31st-June 3rd, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Phillip Cross, and Sushil Adhikari. Chemical properties of lignin that effect tar formation during gasification of biomass. This is Research-Student Symposium organized by Auburn University, Auburn, AL. April 13th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Anshu Shrestha, Oladiran Fasina, Wes Wood, Thomas Loxley, Zhouhong Wang, Zhouhong and Sushil Adhikari. Bench scale analysis of off-gas emissions from stored loblolly pine grinds. This is Research-Student Symposium organized by Auburn University, Auburn, AL. April 13th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jing Li, Maobing Tu and Sushil Adhikari. Detoxification of softwood hydrolysate for butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. This is Research-Student Symposium organized by Auburn University, Auburn, AL. April 13th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Li P., Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Process Simulation and Economic Analysis of Producing Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass, Paper 106b, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sadhwani N., Adhikari S., Eden M.R. (2016): Process Modeling of Fluidized Bed Biomass-CO2 Gasification Using Aspen Plus, Paper 440e, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Integrated Thermochemical Process for Optimal Co-Production of Liquid Fuels and Chemicals, Paper 471e, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Superstructure Optimization of Integrated Thermochemical Process for Co-Producing Liquid Fuels and Chemicals, Paper 636d, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sadhwani N., Adhikari S., Eden M.R. (2016): Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Biomass for Fuels and Chemicals Precursor through Gasification, ACS Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Li P., Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): A Comparative Study of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Liquid Transportation Fuels Production from Biomass, 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-26), Portoroz, Slovenia.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Integrated Biorefinery Scheme Design for the Co-production of Premium Quality Liquid Fuels and Propylene, 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-26), Portoroz, Slovenia.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sourov Kar Sajib, Sushil Adhikari, James Radich. Biomass derived hierarchical porous activated carbons for lithium-sulfur battery. AU College of Agriculture Research Showcase. October 27th, 2016. (Poster Presentation). Received 2nd prize in MS category.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sadhwani N., Adhikari S., Eden M.R. (2016): CO2 Enhanced Gasification of Biomass Char: Catalytic Effects of Na, K, Ca, and Mg, Alabama EPSCoR Science & Technology Open House, Montgomery, AL.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Rajdeep Shakya and Sushil Adhikari. Renewable transportation fuels from biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis. AU College of Agriculture Research Showcase. October 27th, 2016. (Poster Presentation). Received 2nd prize in Ph.D. category.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rajdeep Shakya and Sushil Adhikari. Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of nannochloropsis sp. AU College of Agriculture Research Showcase. October 27th, 2016. (Poster Presentation). Received 3rd prize in Ph.D. category.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ansanay, Y.; Kolar, P.; Sharma-Shivappa, R.; Cheng, J.; Park, S.; Arellano, C., Pre-treatment of biomasses using magnetised sulfonic acid catalysts. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2017, 48 (2), 117-122.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Birch, A. L.; Emanuel, R. E.; James, A. L.; Nichols, E. G., Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed. Journal of Environmental Quality 2016, 45 (4), 1303-1312.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Daystar, J.; Venditti, R.; Kelley, S. S., Dynamic greenhouse gas accounting for cellulosic biofuels: implications of time based methodology decisions. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 2017, 22 (5), 812-826.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: de Assis, C. A.; Gonzalez, R.; Kelley, S.; Jameel, H.; Bilek, T.; Daystar, J.; Handfield, R.; Golden, J.; Prestemon, J.; Singh, D., Risk management consideration in the bioeconomy. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr 2017, 11 (3), 549-566.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ghezehei, S. B.; Nichols, E. G.; Hazel, D. W., Early Clonal Survival and Growth of Poplars Grown on North Carolina Piedmont and Mountain Marginal Lands. BioEnergy Research 2016, 9 (2), 548-558.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Grans, D.; Isik, F.; Purnell, R. C.; McKeand, S. E., Genetic Variation in Response to Herbicide and Fertilization Treatments for Growth and Form Traits in Loblolly Pine. For. Sci. 2016, 62 (6), 633-640.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: He, N. F.; Yoo, S.; Meng, J. J.; Yildiz, O.; Bradford, P. D.; Park, S.; Gao, W., Engineering biorefinery residues from loblolly pine for supercapacitor applications. Carbon 2017, 120, 304-312.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Hays, T., Venditti, R.A., Smith, J., Tateosian, L., Kelley, S.S., Integration of geographic information systems in LCA Demonstrating a spatial impact assessment of a bioethanol production system, Submitted to the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, (2017)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Radics, R., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. S., Public Perception of bioenergy in North Carolina and Tennessee, Energy. Sustain. Soc. 6: 17, DOI: 10.1186/s13705-016-0081-0 (2016)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Radics, R. I., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. S., Use of linear programming to -optimize the social, environmental, and economic impacts of using woody feedstocks for pellet and torrefied pellet production. Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref., 10: 446461. doi:10.1002/bbb.1658, (2016)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rajagopalan, N.; Venditti, R.; Kelley, S.; Daystar, J., Multi-attribute uncertainty analysis of the life cycle of lignocellulosic feedstock for biofuel production. Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr 2017, 11 (2), 269-280.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Reeb, C. W.; Venditti, R.; Gonzalez, R.; Kelley, S., Environmental LCA and Financial Analysis to Evaluate the Feasibility of Bio-based Sugar Feedstock Biomass Supply Globally: Part 2. Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis as a Method for Biomass Feedstock Comparisons. Bioresources 2016, 11 (3), 6062-6084.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ren, X., Meng, J., Chang, J., Kelley, S.S., Jameel, H., Park, S., �Effect of blending ratio of pine wood and bark on the properties of pyrolysis bio-oils, Submitted to Industrial Crops and Products, (2017)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Shifflett, S. D.; Hazel, D. W.; Nichols, E. G., Sub-Soiling and Genotype Selection Improves Populus Productivity Grown on a North Carolina Sandy Soil. Forests 2016, 7 (4).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, C.; Kelley, S. S.; Venditti, R. A., Lignin-Based Thermoplastic Materials. Chemsuschem 2016, 9 (8), 770-783.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: S. Yoo, J. Park, W. Gao, S. Kelley, and S. Park*, CHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF BIOMASS DERIVED CARBON FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STROAGE SYSTEM, Carbon 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: S Yoo*, J. Park, W. Gao, S. Kelley, S. Park, Chemical Activation of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar for the Production of Electrically Conductive Carbon, TCS 2016, November 2016, Chapel Hill, NC
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Maier, C.A., S. Ghezehei, D.Hazel, E. Nichols, N. Thomas, and B. Goldfarb. Water use and productivity in Populus deltoides and hybrids in the southeastern United States. 27thAnnual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America,�August 6-11, 2017, Portland, OR.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: H. Kim*, C. Aizpurua, C. Assis, S. Kelley, R. Gonzalez, S. Park, Techno-economic analysis of phenolic compounds extraction from pyrolysis bio-oil as drop-in fuels for diesel engines, TCS 2016, November 2016, Chapel Hill, NC

Progress 08/01/15 to 07/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Policy makers, the scientific community at large, academia, national laboratories, federal and state agencies, private industry, public interest groups, the government sector, land-grant institutions, agricultural producers, forest products industry, bioenergy and biofuels industries, and additional stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Development of New Processes and Training - The IBSS switchgrass feedstock development project involved development of new processes in our laboratories, greenhouses and field to develop and evaluate hybrid switchgrass with improved productivity and quality for thermochemical conversion. In process for developing protocols we trained personnel in our team including researchers and undergraduate students who actively participated in this project. New skills such as controlled pollination of switchgrass, seed storage, sterilization and germination, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR), field experiment design and planting and measurement of morphological characteristics were taught hands on and practiced. The UT Crop Development Team includes undergraduate students in research where they can participate in research. This is a unique opportunity for interaction between students and researchers with opportunities for research, education and personal development. In addition, training on disease diagnosis was provided to undergraduate and graduate students. This is important because across the U.S., stakeholders who employ new graduates in plant pathology have urged more hands-on training in disease diagnosis because many academic programs have shifted away from this type of practical, applied training. The SEED Fellowship Program - As a part of the IBSS project, the Southeast Energy Development (SEED) Fellowship has been implemented to train a capable, effective and safe workforce for biomass production and harvesting, and biofuels processing. The SEED Fellows work in multidisciplinary teams and are assigned real-world problems potentially including either research or field deployment challenges in feedstock production, feedstock logistics, conversion, or markets and distribution of biofuels. The following students participated in the 2016 program: Angela Carver (Auburn University), Chad Zuege (Auburn University), Fabio Seibel (University of Georgia), Vincent Ruggeri (University of Tennessee), Oluwadamiloa Fasina (North Carolina State University), Foreest Mcann (University of Tennessee). Fabio Seibel received 2nd place for undergraduate poster presentation at 2016 ASABE annual meeting. After the 2016 class, 29 students have participated so far and 10 students (34%) have enrolled in Graduate School. 31% (9 out of 29) students were under-represented and minority students. Web-based Landowner Decision Tool for Forest Landowners - To aid in outreach, extension, and education efforts of IBSS in promoting biomass supply system in the region, a user-friendly, web-based system was developed and launched (https://agwebv01.ag.utk.edu/biofuelsouth). This interactive tool provides a collection of tools to help biomass crop growers make decisions about crop production. Tools presented in this system combine scientific models with market data to show the expected costs and financial returns from growing alternative feedstock crops as feasibly as possible within landowners' area of interest. The results from analysis are provided with graphics, and narrated summary that can be downloaded as pdf document for further sharing or printing. A mobile version of the system has also been developed. High School Seminar Series - We have continued our efforts to educate middle and high school students regarding biomass and bioenergy. This year, our efforts focused on outreach to rising college freshman who recently graduated from area high schools. These students worked in IBSS researcher labs over the summer of 2016 on several different projects. They were able to present their research findings to IBSS researchers and UDSA representatives at the IBSS annual meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Publications and Presentations - We have published our research findings in peer-reviewed journals and a university magazine, which are available to the research community and the general public. We have also presented at scientific conferences both nationally and internationally, which are attended by a diverse group of researchers and present a unique opportunity to exchange ideas and collaborate. Web and Social Media - The results have been disseminated to the communities of interest by the Integrated Biomass Supply Systems website; this website has a catalog of the presentations given and web tools produced. Posters and presentations were presented at Integrated Biomass Supply Systems Annual Conference, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual Conference, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory poster sessions. The interviews conducted in Biomass Mini-series I and II videos are accessible on the AGCO website and their YouTube channel. In addition, project updates were publicized on social media accounts such as Facebook, Flickr, and Twitter. There are numerous ways to attain results either in person by conferences with one on one interactions or by the internet. Animated videos had been shared on YouTube and have been viewed more than 350,000 times. The Transitioning from the Bucket to the Barrel Educational Biofuels Webinar Series - The Series had 2563 participants who earned 939 continuing education credits over 18 webinars. By participating in the webinars participants had achieved $555,200 in cost savings by reducing travel time and other associated costs compared to face-to-face meetings. The webinar series reached participants in 48 states, Washington DC, and 10 international countries. Based on a 5-star rating the webinar series averaged a 3.57-star rating indicating participants felt that webinars were better than average. Based on a sample of participants in live webinars 37% of the participants indicated a positive change in knowledge, 13% of the participants indicate they have plans to adopt information they received by participating in the webinar, and the potential number of acres impacted by what participants learned in the webinars is 282,772 acres. The webinars continue to be available in on-demand format through bioenergywebinars.net. Overall, further awareness about biofuels as a source of energy has been generated through Extension efforts on this project. Some challenges remain as markets have changed, and there are limited markets, however, forest landowners are interested in bioenergy as well as farmers and others. As there are greater market opportunities, more producers will be interested. There was positive feedback from forest landowners, who are especially interested in secondary markets for their timber. Industry Dissemination - The wood chemistry and bio-energy potential of the pine genetic families were communicated to two seedling companies (Plum Creek and Rayonier) who can then disseminate that information to their customers. This information was also available to the Forest Health Cooperative in which customers for the seedlings can make more informed decisions for bioenergy feedstocks. For the hardwoods analyzed, the data was placed in a database and then optimal feedstocks were selected by the next team in our IBSS pipeline. We continue to work directly with Greenwood and ArborGen, and these results will be shared with their customers, and also widely disseminated as part of the E2O work. Results from the life cycle analysis, and the financial and social impacts, will be widely disseminated in publics, presentations and webinars. Analytical Tools - All data collected from secondary sources (literature, market report etc.) were used in developing analytical tool of the BDSS, which benefits all users of this web-based tool. In addition, we have made our tool available online (https://agwebv01.ag.utk.edu/biofuelsouth) for anyone to use as needed. This is detected by any search engine including Google and is found with key words such as "biofuel", "decision support", "south". Mobile version of this tool has also been developed and will be released in a near future. To promote this tool among the communities of interest, we delivered a poster presentation at a national convention of society of American foresters in Baton Rouge, LA, and published an article in biomass issue of a periodical "Auburn Speaks". Based on the latest user statistics as tracked by the Google Analytics, the BDSS had been used by about 600 users with over 12,000 page views. About half of the users were from the United States, whereas the remaining half were from United Kingdom, Brazil, China, Germany, Italy and others. Slightly less than half (44%) of users are first new users. Biofuels Academy - An online web glossary of bioenergy terms and biofuel conversion processes and equipment continues to expand under the IBSS efforts. The online content developed by Tuskegee University faculty contains a glossary of biofuel terms, web modules with a visual encyclopedia of conversion equipment, web modules on biofuel conversion systems, and animated video clips to explain conversion processes. The learning modules developed in this project have been incorporated into two core courses in the department of Chemical Engineering at Tuskegee University. Additionally, the modules developed are made available to everyone through the project website: biofuelsacademy.org What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Feedstock Development IBSS researchers are in the process of writing a paper on the results of our first field experiment containing hybrids obtained from crosses between non-transgenic and transgenic as well as continue to collect data on our second field experiment which contains gene-stacked transgenic hybrids and their parents. Feedstock Logistics Will complete the analysis of the 2-year measurement.The sites are being transitioned to a 2-year harvest cycle to evaluate the feasibility of this management approach in the region. Data from the harvest and transportation operations were collected for new economic models to refine enterprise budgets Conversion and Metrics Disseminate the latest bio-energy and wood chemistry potential of feedstocks to Plum Creek and Rayonier. Publish more peer reviewed papers demonstrating how to calibrate thermal (TGA) and vibration spectroscopy for chemistry and bioenergy. Particular attention will focus on showing that partial least squares regression does better for prediction but sacrifices accuracy in the loadings that is often used for identification of important functional groups. Chemometric pretreatments to overcome this problem will be sought to make PLS more robust for interpretation and prediction. Finalize the work with a focus on the poplar trials. Data from these trials, primarily growth rates and water use efficiency will be used to complete the financial and life cycle analysis work. These trials will also be used to verify the quality of the bio-oil intermediate. E2O We will release the mobile application of the BDSS for iOS, Android, and Windows operating systems, so the potential users can install and use in their mobile devices. In addition, we will continue to promote these tools for wider application. We will be working on the "Roadmap Forward," which is a white paper being written to capture lessons learned from the Poplar and Willow Working Group Forum. This white paper is being written in four parts and will include case studies to illustrate issues mentioned and will summarize components of how a path forward might be for these trees mixed with bioenergy, remediation and wastewater treatment.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In addressing "Objective A",The IBSS Partnership continued work to further the availability of high-quality biomass for the region, focusing on information gaps for new herbaceous and woody crops. Final measurements were taken to estimate yield potentials for cottonwood and hybrid poplar production systems in TN and AL. Wood samples were supplied to different organizations to accumulate biomass conversion data for several genotypes of cottonwood and hybrid poplar and the most productive genotypes for biomass plantings in AL, MS and TN were identified. Two trials (MS and TN) were subsequently harvested using a modified forage harvester developed by Case-New Holland, and coppice behavior was assessed over the summer. The sites are being transitioned to a 2-year harvest cycle to evaluate the feasibility of this management approach in the region. Data from the harvest and transportation operations were collected for new economic models to refine enterprise budgets. Also, our work determined the optimal time of year to harvest short rotation woody crops for enhanced coppicing of the next rotation. This work also demonstrated that shearing the tree from the stump does not negatively impact coppicing of the next rotation, thereby allowing a lower cost harvesting system. Switchgrass holds significant potential in the southeast, and work has addressed that opportunity over the duration of the program. We successfully developed switchgrass hybrid plants by crossing between non-transgenic high yielding, locally adapted plants and transgenic COMT or MYB4 plants with improved cell wall characteristics. Following comprehensive greenhouse characterization, selected switchgrass hybrid plants were successfully deployed in field for advanced evaluation of productivity and performance of these lines under field conditions. The performance of some MYB4 hybrid lines was comparable to non-transgenic parental lines for tiller height, tiller number, plant width, and biomass yield. While the MYB4 transgenic parental lines have desirable cell-wall characteristics some of them have smaller root systems compared to the non-transgenic and do not survive in field conditions. A second project involved crossing selected transgenics with improved cell wall characteristics and high biomass to develop gene-stacked transgenic hybrid plants. Selections of gene-stacked hybrids have been evaluated in a field experiment, which is currently in its second growing season (2016). Analysis of field data from the establishment year showed that some of the gene-stacked hybrids performed better than their parents for biomass yield, tiller height, tiller number and plant width. There are significant differences in pathogenicity of species and virulence of isolates within species. In addition to reductions in plant stand, inoculation of established switchgrass plants with certain pathogens reduced biomass. Bipolaris infection, which resulted in the most plant damage, also altered the quality of biomass. The percentages of extractives, structural ash, and total ash were increased in diseased plants, while the percentages of acid-insoluble lignin, lignin, and xylan were significantly lower in plants infected with Bipolaris. 'Ceres Blade 1101' was moderately resistant to F. graminearum and significantly more resistant than 'Alamo', which was graded as susceptible. Based on our studies, recommendations for disease management include use of clean, certified seed, continued development of disease resistant cultivars, and fungicide seed treatments if a history of crop disease in a field is known. Finally, work has continued to advance the potential for southern pine as a biomass resource in the southeast. Measurements of wood properties and growth rates were taken from a diverse sample of loblolly pine germplasm to characterize the variation in these factors, which are important in determining the yield of dry biomass per acre per year. Over 500 breeding lines have been evaluated for wood density and stiffness, and more intensive investigation of moisture, density, and productivity of dry biomass per acre was conducted in a sample of ten lines representing the diversity of loblolly pine. In parallel, wood samples were collected for chemical processing to determine if variation in process efficiency or throughput due to raw material properties is significant. Results of preliminary analyses show that relative wood density is genetically independent of growth (genetic correlation r=0.06), so selection for higher wood density need not come at the expense of growth rate. There is considerable genetic variation within loblolly pine germplasm for growth and wood quality traits. The results of these experiments will provide guidance both to tree improvement efforts and to biomass professionals seeking to maximize the efficiency and profitability of an emerging biofuels industry. The nature of the pine resource limits conversion options to thermochemical technologies; however, the industry continues to face challenges in utilizing this biomass. Work in IBSS has provided new options for process improvements to alleviate the current difficulties. For example, various chelating agents were studied for removing inorganic ash from biomass before thermochemical conversion. These chelating agents were shown to remove upwards of 90% of the total ash from switchgrass without reducing the carbon content of the feedstock. Biomass gasification conditions for southern pine were optimized, analyzing syngas composition and contaminants under different conditions. Work also demonstrated that supercritical phase operating conditions for Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis provides opportunities to target fuel-range products, as well as high value oxygenate chemicals, from biomass-derived syngas with increased carbon utilization, thereby significantly improving the commercial viability of these IBSS conversion technologies. Work to advance "Objective C" has focused on production of Pine, Poplar and Eucalyptus for conversion by fast pyrolysis, to generate data needed for sustainability tools development. Field and laboratory work showed the highly productive Pine, Poplar and Eucalyptus could be used for bio-oil production, and that the water use efficiency of Poplar and Eucalyptus (gal/ton of biomass) were both better than that of Pine. This project aimed to support the experimental efforts in IBSS by development of process simulation models of thermochemical biomass conversion systems. Proven process integration techniques were employed to optimize thermal management (energy consumption) and resource conservation. These models were developed in close collaboration with other IBSS researchers to enable large-scale evaluation of lab-scale experimental results and guide future experimental efforts. Development of improved tools to analyze the financial, environmental and social impacts, both benefits and costs, of the integrated biomass production and conversion systems was a major accomplishment. The state-of-the-art was extended by incorporating stochastic (Monte Carlo) methods to estimate the effects of uncertainty and the natural variation in biomass composition. Linked LCA and GIS tools that could highlight the environmental impacts for each supply and production stage to the specific landscape and communities where the impacts occurred were completed. Also, we developed the economic costs of the supply chains required for a biofuel and a "green diesel" or "aviation fuel". A decision tool has been developed in Excel for switchgrass. The delivered switchgrass feedstock costs for the initial plant was estimated at $80/dry ton. At an industry scale of 147 biorefineries using 130 million dry tons of switchgrass, the cost of the last ton of feedstock delivered to a biorefinery was over $140 per ton and the average value of the feedstock rose to $118/ton.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Engineering physical and chemical properties of softwood kraft lignin by fatty acid substitution, Siddhesh N. Pawar, Richard A. Venditti, Hasan Jameel, Hou-Min Chang and Ali Ayoub, Industrial Crops & Products, 89, 128-134, 2016.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Environmental LCA and Financial Analysis to Evaluate the Feasibility of Bio-based Sugar Feedstock Supply Globally: Part 1. Supply Chain Analysis. Carter W. Reeb, Richard Venditti, Tyler Hays, Jesse Daystar, Ronalds Gonzalez, Steve Kelley, BioResources, 10(4), 8098-8134, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lignin-based thermoplastic materials, C. Wang, S. S. Kelley, and Richard Venditti, ChemSusChem, 9(8), 770-783, 2016.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: UV Crosslinkable Lignin Thermoplastic Graft Copolymers, Chao Wang and Richard Venditti, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 3(8), 1839-1845, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: The NREL Biochemical and Thermochemical Ethanol Conversion Processes: Financial and Environmental Analysis Comparison, Jesse Sky Daystar, Trevor Treasure, Ronalds Gonzalez, Carter Reeb, Richard Venditti, and Steve Kelley, BioResources, 10(3), 5096-5116, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Environmental impacts of bioethanol using the NREL biochemical conversion route: multivariate analysis and single score results, Jesse Daystar, Trevor Treasure, Carter Reeb, Richard Venditti, Ronalds Gonzalez, and Steve Kelley, Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1553, 9(5), 484-500, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Environmental life cycle impacts of cellulosic ethanol in the Southern U.S. produced from Loblolly pine, eucalyptus, unmanaged hardwoods, forest residues, and switchgrass using a thermochemical conversion pathway, Jesse Daystar, Carter Reeb, Ronalds Gonzalez, Steve Kelley, Richard Venditti, Fuel Processing Technology, 138, 164-174, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Charles Warren Edmunds, Perry Peralta, Ilona Peszlen, Ratna Sharma-Shivappa, Richard Giles, Stephen Kelley, Vincent Chiang. (2016). Fungal degradation method development for small wood samples subjected to Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 48:70-79.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Charles W. Edmunds, Perry Peralta, Stephen S. Kelley, Vincent L. Chiang, Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa, Mark F. Davis, Anne E. Harman-Ware, Robert W. Sykes, Erica Gjersing, Michael W. Cunningham, William Rottmann, Zach D. Miller, Ilona Peszlen. (2016).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Characterization and enzymatic hydrolysis of transgenic Pinus taeda engineered with syringyl lignin and reduced lignin content. Under review.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jack P. Wang, Megan Matthews, Rui Shi, Chenmin Yang, Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit, Hsi-Chuan Chen, Quanzi Li, Jie Liu, Chien-Yuan Lin, Punith Naik, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Philip L. Loziuk, Ting-Feng Yeh, Hoon Kim, Erica Gjersing, Todd Shollenberger, Christopher M. Shuford, Jina Song, Zachary Miller, Yung-Yun Huang, Charles W. Edmonds, Ying-Chung Lin, Wei Li, Hao Chen, Ilona Peszlen, Cranos M. Williams, Joel J. Ducoste, John Ralph, Hou-min Chang, David C. Muddiman, Mark Davis, Chris Smith, Fikret Isik, Ronald R. Sederoff, Vincent L. Chiang. (2016). A systems model of lignin biosynthesis predicts wood properties and wood utilization. Submitted.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dale VH, Kline KL, Buford MA, Volk TA, Smith CT, and Stupak I. 2016. Incorporating bioenergy into sustainable landscape designs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 56: 1158-1171.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Parish, ES, Dale VH, English BC, Jackson SW, Tyler DD. 2016. Assessing multimeric aspects of sustainability applications to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee. Ecosphere 7(2): e01206.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dale VH, Parish ES, Kline KL. 2015. Risks to global biodiversity from fossil-fuel production exceed those from biofuel production. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. 9(2):177-189.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pollesch N, Dale VH. 2015. Applications of aggregation theory to sustainability assessment. Ecological Economics. 114: 117-127.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dale VH, RA Efroymson, KL Kline, and M Davitt. 2015. A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. 9(4): 435-446.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Pollesch N, Dale VH (in press) Normalization in sustainability assessment: methods and implications. Ecological Economics
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Parish ES, Dale VH, Jackson SW (in review). Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer to cellulosic biofuels provides climate benefits. Environmental Research Letters.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Joly CA, Huntley BJ, LM Verdade LM, Dale VH, Mace G, Muok B, Ravindranath NH. 2015. Biofuel impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Chapter 16 in (Souza GM and Joly CA, editors) Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Rapid Assessment Process on Bioenergy and Sustainability, Paris, France.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Collins, S.B., R.N. Trigiano, and B.H. Ownley. 2016. First report of leaf spot caused by Fusarium armeniacum on switchgrass in the United States. Plant Disease: in review.
Type: Books Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: B.H. Ownley and R.N. Trigiano, eds., 2017. Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises. Third Edition. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL: in press.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: R.N. Trigiano and B.H. Ownley. 2017. Laboratory Skills: Safety and preparation of culture media and solutions. Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises. Third Edition. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL. Pp. 23-32: in press.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: B.H. Ownley and D.M. Benson. 2017. Soilborne plant pathogens. Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises. Third Edition. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL. Pp. 249-276: in press.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: R.N. Trigiano and B.H. Ownley. 2017. Identifying obligate, biotrophic fungi (and hosts) using the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Plant Pathology: Concepts and Laboratory Exercises. Third Edition. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL. Pp. 483-494: in press.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ownley, B., S. Collins, M. Dee, O. Fajolu, and A. Vu. Fighting Fungus Diseases of Switchgrass. Auburn Speaks, Auburn University. Pp. 44-49: in press.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Daniel Pegoretti Leite de Souza, Tom Gallagher, Dana Mitchell, Mathew Smidt and Tim McDonald. 2016. Determining the effect of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration. International Journal of Forest Engineering (in press).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oginni, O., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S. and Fulton, J. 2016. Physical and flow properties of fractionated loblolly pine grinds. Trans. ASABE. Accepted for publication
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oyedeji, O., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S., McDonald, T. and Taylor, S. 2016. The effect of storage time and moisture content on grindability of loblolly pine (Pinus Taeda L). European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. Accepted for publication.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B., Billor, N., Fasina, O. and Eckhardt, L. 2016. Identifying plant part composition of forest logging residue using infrared spectral data and linear discriminant analysis. Sensors. Accepted for publication.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Olatunde, O., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S., McDonald, T. and Duke, S. 2016. Size measurement method for loblolly pine grinds and influence on predictability of fluidization. Canadian Biosystems Engng. 58: 4.1-4.10.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Shrestha, R., Mahadevan, R., Adhikari, S., Fasina, O., and Taylor, S. 2015. Fast pyrolysis of biomass: effect of blending southern pine and switchgrass. Trans. ASABE. 59: 1-6.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dhiman, J., Shrestha, A., Fasina, o., Adhikari, S., Via, B. and Gallagher, T. 2016. Physical, ignition and volatilization properties of biomass feedstock dusts. Trans. ASABE 58: 1425-1437.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Goncalves, B., Till, D., Fasina, O., Tamang, B. and Gallagher, T. 2015. Influence of bark on the physical and thermal decomposition properties of short rotation eucalyptus. BioEnergy Research. 8: 1414-1423.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B., Fasina, O., and Eckhardt, L. 2015. Nondestructive prediction of the properties of forest biomass for bioenergy, fuel and chemical applications using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 23: 93-102.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Avanti Kulkarni, Ryan Baker, Nourredine Abdoulmomine, Sushil Adhikari and Sushil Bhavnani. Experimental study of torrefied pine as a gasification fuel using a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Renewable Energy. 2016. Vol. 96, pp. 460-468.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Narendra Sadhwani, Sushil Adhikari, Mario Eden. Biomass gasification using carbon dioxide: Effect of temperature, CO2/C ratio and the study of reactions influencing the process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2016. Vol.�55(10), pp 28832891.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Owen, K., Fasina, O., Taylor, S. and Adhikari, S. 2015. Technical Note: Thermal decomposition behavior of loblolly pine stemwood, bark and limbs/foliage using TGA and DSC techniques. Trans. ASABE. 58: 509-518.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jiang, W., Zhou, C.F., Via, B. and Fasina, O. 2015. Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR. Carbohydrate Polymers. 121: 336-341.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kim, Pyoungchung; Rials, Timothy G; Labbe, Nicole; Chmely, Stephen C; Screening of Mixed-Metal Oxide Species for Catalytic Ex Situ Vapor-Phase Deoxygenation of Cellulose by py-GC/MS Coupled with Multivariate Analysis, Energy Fuels, 2016, 30, 3167-3174.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Das, Parthapratim; Elder, Thomas; Brennessel, William W.; Chmely, Stephen C; Iron piano-stool complexes containing NHC ligands outfitted with pendent arms: synthesis, characterization, and screening for catalytic transfer hydrogenation, RSC Advances, 2016, 6, 88050-88056.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Edmunds, Warren; Hamilton, Choo Y; Kim, Keonhee; Chmely, Stephen C.; Labb�, Nicole, Using a chelating agent to generate low ash bioenergy feedstock, Biomass Bioenergy, submitted.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Sushil Adhikari, Rajdeep Shakya, Kaige Wang, David Dayton, Michael Lehrich, and Steven Taylor. Effect of alkali and alkaline earth metals on in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Energy Fuels. 2016. DOI:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02984.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Ravishankar Mahadevan, Rajdeep Shakya, Sushil Adhikari, Oladiran Fasina and Steve Taylor. Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Effect of blending southern pine and switchgrass. Trans of ASABE. 2016. Vol. 59(1) pp. 5-10.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhou, C., Jiang, W., Via, B. K., Fasina, O., & Han, G. (2015). Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR. Carbohydrate Polymers, 121, 336-341.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Celikbag, Y., Robinson, T. J., Via, B. K., Adhikari, S., & Auad, M. L. (2015). Pyrolysis oil substituted epoxy resin: Improved ratio optimization and crosslinking efficiency. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132(28).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Liu, Y., Gao, J., Guo, H., Pan, Y., Zhou, C., Cheng, Q., & Via, B. K. (2015). Interfacial Properties of Loblolly Pine Bonded with Epoxy/Wood Pyrolysis Bio-oil Blended System. BioResources, 10(1), 638-646.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Acquah, G. E., Via, B. K., Fasina, O. O., & Eckhardt, L. G. (2015). Nondestructive prediction of the properties of forest biomass for bio energy, fuel and chemical applications using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 23, 93-102.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chengfeng Zhou, Jiang, W., Cheng, Q., & Via, B.K. (2015). Multivariate Calibration and Model Integrity for Wood Chemistry Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. (429846), 1-9.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Celikbag, Y., Via, B. K., Adhikari, S., Buschle-Diller, G., & Auad, M. L. (2016). The effect of ethanol on hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in biopolyol produced by hydrothermal liquefaction of loblolly pine: 31 P-NMR and 19 F-NMR analysis. Bioresource Technology, 214, 37-44.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Celikbag, Y., Via, B. K. (2016). Characterization of Residue and Bio-oil produced by Liquefaction of Loblolly Pine at Different Reaction Times. Forest Product Journal. 66(1-2): 29 36.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Chaturvedi, A.; Duggan, J.N.; Roberts, C.B.; Suzuki, T. Magnetic properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles fabricated by chemical synthesis, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 51(11):2300904, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yuan Z., Wang P., Eden M.R. 2015. Systematic Control Structure Evaluation of Two-Stage-Riser Fluidized Catalytic Pyrolysis Processes, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 37, pp. 1721-1726.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tao, J.; Hosseinaei, O.; Delbeck, L.; Kim, P.; Harper, D. P.; Bozell, J. J.; Rials, T. G.; Labb�, N. Effects of organosolv fractionation time on thermal and chemical properties of lignins. RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 79228-79235.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Stewart, C.; Roberts, C.B..; Investigation of Supercritical Isooctane as a Reaction Medium in the Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons over H-ZSM-5, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(32), 7811-7821, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vengsarkar, P.S.; Xu, R.; Roberts, C.B. Deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles onto an oxidic support using a novel gas-expanded liquid process to produce functional Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis catalysts, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(47), 11814-11824, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vengsarkar, P.S.; Xu, R.; Roberts, C.B. Scalable fractionation of iron oxide nanoparticles using a CO2 gas-expanded liquid system, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 17(10), 387, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yuan Z., Wang P., Yang C., Eden M.R. (2015): Systematic Control Structure Evaluation of Two-Stage-Riser Catalytic Pyrolysis Process, Chemical Engineering Science, 126, pp. 309-328.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2015): Recent Advances in Optimal Design of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Chemicals and Liquid Fuels, Invited paper, Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering,10, 70-76.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R., Gani R. (2015): Toward the Development and Deployment of Large-Scale Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Processes, Invited paper, I&EC Research, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03277. Selected to be featured in ACS Editors Choice.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Li P., Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): A Comparative Study of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis for Liquid Transportation Fuels Production from Biomass, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 38, pp. 2025-2030.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Integrated Biorefinery Scheme Design for the Co-production of Premium Quality Liquid Fuels and Propylene, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 38, pp. 2001-2006.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sadhwani N., Adhikari S., Eden M.R. (2016): Southern Pines Char Gasification with CO2 - Kinetics and Effect of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals, Fuel Processing Technology (accepted 04/26/2016).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lambert, DM, C Cavasos, B Wilson, CD Clark, BC English. Projected Changes in Stream System Nitrogen Runoff Associated with a Mature Cellulosic Ethanol Industry in the Southeastern United States. 2016. Land Use Policy, 56:291-302.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Sadhwani N., Adhikari S., Eden M.R. (2015): Biomass Gasification using Carbon Dioxide: Effect of Temperature, CO2/C Ratio and the Study of Reactions Influencing the Process, I&EC Research 55(10), pp. 2883-2891.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tula A.K., Eden M.R., Gani R. (2015): Process Synthesis, Design and Analysis using Process-Group Contribution Method, Invited paper, Computers & Chemical Engineering, 81, pp. 245-259.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yuan Z., Eden M.R. (2016): Superstructure Optimization of Integrated Fast Pyrolysis-Gasification for Production of Liquid Fuels and Propylene, Invited Paper, Tribute to Founders: Roger Sargent Process Systems Engineering, AIChE Journal, 62(9), pp. 3155-3176. DOI: 10.1002/aic.15337.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lambert, DM, BC English, RJ Menard, B Wilson. 2016. Regional Economic Impacts of Biochemical and Pyrolysis Biofuel Production in the Southeastern US: A Systems Modeling Approach. Agricultural Sciences, 7(6):407-419, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2016.76042.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lambert, LH, BC English, RJ Menard, DM Lambert. In Press. Regional Woody Biomass Supply and Economic Impacts from Harvesting in the Southern US. Energy Economics. Accepted for publication, September, 2016.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhong, J., T.E. Yu, J.A. Larson, B.C. English, J.S. Fu, and J. Calcagno III. 2016. Analysis of Environmental and Economic Tradeoffs in Switchgrass Supply Chains for Biofuel Production. Energy, 107:791-803.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Yu, T.E., B.C. English, L. He, J.A. Larson, J. Calcagno, J.S. Fu, and B. Wilson. 2016. Analyzing Economic and Environmental Performance of Switchgrass Biofuel Supply Chains. BioEnergy Research, 9:566-577.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boyer, C.N., T.E. Yu, B.C. English, J.A. Larson, N. Labbe, and L. McCulloch. 2016. Impact of an Innovated Storage Technology on the Quality of Preprocessed Switchgrass Bales. AIMS Bioengineering, 3(2):125-138.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kline, L.M., N. Labb�, C. Boyer, T.E. Yu, B.C. English and J.A. Larson. 2016. Investigating the Impact of Biomass Quality on Near-infrared Models for Switchgrass Feedstocks, AIMS Bioengineering, 3(1):1-22.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chugh, S., T.E. Yu, S. Jackson, B.C. English, J.A. Larson, and S. Cho. 2016. Economic Analysis of Alternative Logistics Systems for Tennessee-Produced Switchgrass to Penetrate the Energy Markets. Biomass and Bioenergy, 85:25-34.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Johnson D., Knight A., Polala R., Zhang R. (2016), A Modular Approach of Integrating Biofuels Education into Chemical Engineering Curriculum: Part I Learning Materials, Chemical Engineering Education, Vol 50(2), 9-17.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dupey, L. 2015. A Social Life Cycle Analysis: The Social Impacts of Bioenergy Facilities on Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners in the Southeastern United States (Master thesis). NC State University, Raleigh, NC.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Roise, Logan, H. 2016. Long-Term Supply Contracts in Bioenergy (Master thesis). NC State University, Raleigh, NC. [http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/11235].
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Collins, Sara Beth. 2016. Characterization of Fusarium species and Alternaria alternata, and their effects on switchgrass health and chemical components. M.S. thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Pp. 133.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zachariah Seiden (graduated August 2015); Thesis: Modeling water quality for switchgrass crop production: Implications for bioenergy sustainability in East Tennessee. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, Huaqi, 2016. An Economic Evaluation of a Biofuel Supply Chain Utilizing Multiple Feedstock, Thesis. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rafael Santiago, Tom Gallagher, Mathew Smidt and Dana Mitchell. Coppicing evaluation in the Southeast US to determine harvesting methods. In Proceedings of Council on Forest Engineering annual meeting. (2016).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Xu, R.; Vengsarkar, P.; Roberts, C.B. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over supported nano-iron catalysts synthesized by gas-expanded liquid deposition technique, Proceedings of the 24th North American Catalysis Society Meeting, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Catherine Hatcher Development of hybrid switchgrass for improved biomass traits and field assessment. Poster presentation, Switchgrass III Meeting, Knoxville, TN, September 30, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: S. Yoo, J. Park, W. Gao, S. Kelley, S. Park. Evaluating physical and electronic structure developments of loblolly pine derived biochar and activated carbon, AIChE Annual Meeting, November 2016, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dale, V. (DOE), Perla, D. (EPA), and Karlen, D. (USDA). 2016. Organized two sessions on the bioeconomy for the Conference of the National Council on Science and the Environment (NCSE) on the Food-Energy-Water Nexus: http://foodenergywaternexus.org/. The symposium was titled Considerations and Challenges Associated with a Vibrant Bioeconomy and the World Caf� was on Innovation in Bioenergy and the Bioeconomy. 2016: Dale presented Food-Energy-Water Nexus: Considerations & Challenges Associated with a Vibrant Bioeconomy; Washington, D.C.; Jan 19-21, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: H. Kim, C. Aizpurua, C.A. Assis, T. Fang, S. Kelley, R. Gonzalez, S. Park, Techno-economic analysis of phenolic compounds extraction from pyrolysis bio-oil as drop-in fuels for diesel engines, TCS Symposium on Thermal and Catalytic Sciences for Biofuels and Biobased Products, November 2016, Chapel Hill, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: S. Yoo, J. Park, W. Gao, S. Kelley, S. Park, Chemical Activation of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar for the Production of Electrically Conductive Carbon, TCS Symposium on Thermal and Catalytic Sciences for Biofuels and Biobased Products, November 2016, Chapel Hill, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: S. Yoo, S. Kelley, S. Park, The Structural Characterization of Biomass Derived Biochar Using an Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, AIChE Annual Meeting, November 2015, Salt Lake City, UT.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Parish, E., Kline, K., Dale, V. 2016. A landscape design approach for sustainable woody biomass production. USDA Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) Office, Knoxville, Tennessee; February 1, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Smith T., Kline, K., Parish, E., and Dale, V. 2016. IEA Bioenergy Webinar held a webinar on "Mobilizing Sustainable Bioenergy Supply Chains. The webinar can be accessed at http://www.ieabioenergy.com/iea-publications/webinars/. Tat Smiths recorded lecture may be viewed at http://www.ieabioenergy.com/iea-publications/webinars, Feb 25, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dale, V. 2016. Workshop Keynote: A landscape design approach to assess effects of bioenergy on ecosystem and social services. http://www.focali.se/en/events/workshop-landscape-management-and-design-for-food-bioenergy-and-the-bioeconomy-methodology-and-governance-aspects; Workshop on Landscape management and design for food, bioenergy and the bioeconomy: methodology and governance aspects at Chalmers University, G�thenburg, Sweden. Virginia gave the keynote presentation on March 15-16, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dale, V. 2016. Invited seminar presentations for the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, Uppsala, and held meetings with IEA Bioenergy Task 40 collaborators in Stockholm. March 17-18, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Collins, S. 2016. Identification, characterization, and impacts of pathogenic Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata on switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee. April 29.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Collins, S., and B. Ownley. 2016. Pathogenicity and virulence of Alternaria alternata on Alamo switchgrass. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, July 29August 4, Tampa, FL. Phytopathology 106(Suppl. 4): S4.in press.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Collins, S.B., M.M. Dee, K.D. Gwinn, and B.H. Ownley. 2015. Fusarium species reduce plant stand and biomass yield of switchgrass. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 1-5, Pasadena, CA. Phytopathology 105(Suppl. 4):S4.30.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vogt, Eric, et al. 2015. Comparing Performance of a Field Chopping vs. Bale Harvest System for Switchgrass. Poster presented at the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting; July 26-29, 2015; New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rafael Santiago, Tom Gallagher, Mathew Smidt and Dana Mitchell. Coppicing evaluation in the Southeast US to determine harvesting methods. Council on Forest Engineering Annual Meeting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Quebec, Canada. September 19-22, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Daniel P. L. de Souza, Tom Gallagher, Dana Mitchell, Mathew Smidt, Tim McDonald. Determining the impact of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration. FORMEC annual meeting, Linz, Austria. Oct 4-8, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Daniel P. L. de Souza, Tom Gallagher, Dana Mitchell, Mathew Smidt, Tim McDonald. Determining the impact of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration. Council on Forest Engineering annual meeting. Lexington, KY. July 19-22, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Shrestha, A., Fasina, O. and Wang, Z. 2016. Bench scale analysis of off-gas emissions from stored loblolly pine grinds. ASABE Annual Meeting Presentation, Orlando, FL. July 17-20.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Fasina, O., Young, A., Oyedeji, O.A., Adhikari, S. and McDonald, T. 2015. Influence of moisture content, tree height, and tree radius on toughness and strength of loblolly pine. ASABE Annual Meeting Presentation, New Orleans. July 26-29.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Y. Regmi, S. C. Chmely, N. Labb�, Exploring transition metal carbides and phosphides for Ex-Situ catalytic fast pyrolysis, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Knoxville-Oak Ridge Section Local Meeting, Knoxville, TN, March 17, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Fasina, O., Oyedeji, O.A., Adhikari, S. and McDonald, T. 2015. Effects of moisture content and storage time on specific grinding energy and physical properties of loblolly pine. ASABE Annual Meeting Presentation, New Orleans. July 26-29.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pradhan, U., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S. and McDonald, T. 2015. Physical treatments for reducing biomass ash and effects on bio oil yield and quality. ASABE Annual Meeting Presentation, New Orleans. July 26-29.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: J. Mann, S. C. Chmely, Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic screening reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene-containing iron carbonyl complexes, 251st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Diego, CA, March 13-17, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Y. Regmi, S C. Chmely, N. Labb�, Nickel phosphide and molybdenum carbide composite materials for biomass upgrading, 252nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Philadelphia, PA, August 21-25, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: K. Kim, C. Hamilton, S. Chmely, N. Labb� Reducing inorganics in lignocellulosic biomass utilizing microwave assisted acid extraction Switchgrass III Prairie and native grass international conference, Knoxville, TN, September 30-October 2, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Olatunde, G., Fasina, O., McDonald, T. and Duke, S. 2016. CFD modeling of ground loblolly pine wood fluidization. ASABE Annual Meeting Presentation, Orlando, FL. July 17-20.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: C. Hamilton, K. Kim, N. Labb� Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy models for prediction of inorganic composition of biomass Switchgrass III prairie and native grass international conference, Knoxville, TN, September 30-October 2, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Essien, C., Via, B.K., McDonald, Eckhardt, L. 2015. Effect of Physiochemical Properties of Wood on Acoustic Velocity in Determining Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Juvenile Wood of Loblolly Pine. Forest Products Society. International Convention, Atlanta, GA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Acquah G. E., Via B. K., Eckhardt L. G. and Fasina O. O. Screening Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) families for physical and mechanical properties using vibrational spectroscopy. In: Schweitzer C. J., Clatterbuck W. K. and Oswalt, C. M., eds. Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. eGen. Tech. Rep. (2016).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bozell, J. J., Organosolv fractionation in the biorefinery: process streams for catalytic production of biobased chemicals; presented at the University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, January 15th, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bozell, J. J., Renewable feedstocks in the biorefinery: catalyst design for biomass conversion; presented at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, December 22nd, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Xu R., Roe D., Stewart C., Eden M.R., Roberts C.B. (2015): Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass in an Integrated Biorefinery: Opportunities for Process Integration through Tunable Solvent Systems, Invited Plenary Lecture, 2nd Asia-Pacific Symposium on Process Intensification and Sustainability (APSPIS), Sydney, Australia.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Davis S.E., Herring R.H., Roberts C.B., Eden M.R. (2015): Process Systems Engineering Approaches to Multi-Scale Chemical Product Design, Invited Keynote Lecture, Process Systems Engineering (PSE) 2015 & 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-25), Copenhagen, Denmark.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eden M.R. (2015): Multi-Scale Process Systems Engineering Methods for Integrated Chemical Process and Product Design, 17th Johansen-Crosby Lecture, Invited Lecture, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Michigan State University.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eden M.R. (2015): Process Systems Engineering Methods for Multi-Scale Chemical Process and Product Design, Invited Seminar, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eden M.R. (2015): Process Systems Engineering Methods for Multi-Scale Chemical Process and Product Design, Invited Seminar, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eden M.R. (2015): Auburn University Biorefining Research An Update on Current Activities, Invited Lecture, 2nd ProBioRefine Workshop, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eden M.R. (2015): Biorefinery Funding in USA An Overview of Upcoming Opportunities, Invited Lecture, 2nd ProBioRefine Workshop, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Eden M.R. (2016): Gas-To-Liquids (GTL) Technologies for Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass, Invited Keynote Lecture, CAPE Forum 2016, Sion, Switzerland.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Eden M.R. (2016): Process Systems Engineering Methods for Multi-Scale Chemical Process and Product Design, Invited Seminar, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Eden M.R. (2016): Multi-Scale Chemical Process and Product Design using Process Systems Engineering Methods, Invited Keynote Lecture, 4th International Conference on Sustainable Chemical Product and Process Engineering (SCPPE 2016), Nanjing, China.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: English, B.C. How renewable identification numbers can impact investment decisions: Effects of conventional fuel and RIN price uncertainty. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Boston Massachusetts, July 31-August 2, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: English, B.C. Thresholds and Regime Change in the Market for Renewable Identification Numbers. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Boston Massachusetts, July 31-August 2, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: English, B.C. How renewable identification numbers can deter biofuel investment: Effects of conventional fuel and RIN price uncertainty. Association of Environmental and Resource Economics Annual Summer Conference, Breckenridge Colorado, June 9-11, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: English, B.C., D.M. Lambert, T.E. Yu, J.A. Larson, C.D. Clark, and K. Jensen, 2015 Economic Feasibility of BioEnergy in the South and its Environmental and Economic Impacts, IBSS Annual Meeting, Auburn, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhong, J., T. Edward Yu, Burton C. English and James A. Larson, 2015. Evaluating Lignocellulosic Biomass Supply Chains Considering a Multi-objective of Optimizing Cost, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Erosion, INFORMS Annual Meeting, Washington D.C.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: English, B.C., T. Edward Yu, Dayton Lambert, Kim Jensen, Jamey Menard, Brad Wilson, and Tim Rials, 2016. Economic and Selected Environmental Impacts of Establishing a Biofuel Industry in Southeast United States, Mid?Continent Regional Science Association 47th Annual Conference, June 9 11, 2016, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Poudyal, N. C. and B. Sharma. 2015. A web-based decision support system for biomass crop producers in the Southeastern USA. Society of American Foresters National Convention. November 2-7, 2015. Baton Rouge, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Knight, Jessica. 2015. Southeastern Biomass Interactive Mapping Service. Presented at Southern Forestry GIS Conference. Athens, GA. December 6-8, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cser, H. Woody Biomass Energy (Past, Present and Future). Lecture in: World Forestry (FOR 414). Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Feb. 4, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boby, L. and W. Hubbard. 2016. IBSS E2O and Poplar Research and Extension. Poplar and Willow Working Group Forum. Portland, OR. April 12, 2016.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Angela Carver, Jing Li and Sushil Adhikari. Combining hardwood and softwood lignocellulosic biomass for the production of ethanol ASABE meeting. July 16-20. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Oluwadamilola Fasian and Erin Webb. Answering logistical questions for the BT16. ASABE meeting. July 16-20, 2016. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Knight, Jessica. 2015. Southeastern Biomass Interactive Mapping Service. Presented at North Carolina Arc Users Group Fall Conference. Carolina Beach, NC. September 23-25, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hubbard, W. and R. Bardon. 2015. Updates on Bioenergy Extension for the Southeast. National Foresters Extension Meeting. Cocodrie, LA. November 2, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hubbard, W. 2015. Updates on Bioenergy Extension in the Southeast. Society of American Foresters Annual Meeting. Baton Rouge, LA. November 4, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chad Zuege and Sam Jackson. Determining switchgrass health through multispectral technology utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). ASABE meeting. July 16-20, 2016. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Vincent Riggeri and Erin Webb. Illustrating the logistical cost of feedstock production for bioenergy depicted in the BT16. ASABE meeting. July 16-20, 2016. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Fabio Seibel, LM Wendt, BD Wahlen, C Li, G Kachurin, K Ogden, and JA Murphy. Stabilization of microalgae through blending and storage with herbaceous biomass. ASABE meeting. July 16-20, 2016. Orlando, FL. (2nd Place Undergraduate Poster Presentation)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Benjamin King, Sushil Adhikari, Oladiran Fasina, Jim Dooley and Dave Lanning. Flow characteristics of woody biomass grinds and crumbles. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Forrest McCann and Niki Labbe. FTIR and Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 2-dimensional correlation to measure inorganics in biomass feedstocks. ASABE meeting. July 16-20, 2016. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gage Brazzell and Sam Jackson. Membrane and microfiltration and their use in biomass processing. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA. (2nd Place Undergraduate Poster Presentation).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Brandon Johson and Sam Jackson. Biosorption of biomass for removal of synthetic solutions and industrial effluents. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Geoffery Lein, Luke Johnson and Mohammad Roni. Biomass co-firing challenges and opportunities: global review. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Kirk Copley, Carig Brandt and Erin Webb. Standardization of agriculture production budget using Python. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Emma Tobin, Virginia Dale, Keith L. Kline and Esther Parish. Interpreting sustainability of southeastern US wood pellet export. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA. (1st Place Undergraduate Poster Presentation).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eric Vogt, Magen Shedden, Erin Webb and Lucas Graham. Comparing performance of a field chopping vs. bale harvest system for switchgrass. ASABE meeting. July 26-29, 2015. New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Integrating Biofuels Education into Chemical Engineering Curriculum Project Evaluation and Dissemination, 2016 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference, University of Alabama, March 13-15, 2016, Tuscaloosa, AL.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Alexander, L.W., Haynes, E.R., Burris, J., Jackson, S., Stewart C.N. Jr. Cultural treatments for accelerated growth and flowering of Panicum virgatum. Biofuels (2015), 5: 771-780.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Baxter, H.L., Alexander, L.W., Mazarei, M., Haynes, E., Turner, G.B., Sykes, R.W., Decker, S.R., Davis, M.F., Dixon, R.A., Wang, Z-Y., Stewart, C.N. Jr. Hybridization of downregulated-COMT transgenic switchgrass lines with field-selected switchgrass for improved biomass traits. Euphytica (2016), 209: 341-355.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Stewart, C.N. Jr., Hatcher, C.N., Mazarei, M. Switchgrass genetics: Hybridization for improved biomass traits. Auburn Speaks (2016), On biofuels in the southeast. (in Press).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: J. Meng, A. Moore, D. Tilotta, S. Kelley, S. Adhikari, S. Park, Thermal and storage stability of bio-oil from pyrolysis of torrefied wood, Energy & Fuels, 29 (8): 51175126 (2015).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: H. Kim, N. Vinueza, S. Kelley, S. Park, Correlation between solubility parameters and recovery of phenolic compounds from pyrolysis bio-oil by diesel extraction, Submitted (2016).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: J. Park, K.H. Lim, O.J. Rojas, M.A. Hubbe, S. Park, Effect of atmospheric oxygen during the pyrolytic treatment of woody biomass on the changes in aromatic carbon structure, Submitted (2016).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Dynamic GHG accounting for cellulosic biofuels: implications of analysis methodology decisions, Jesse Sky Daystar, Trevor Treasure, Ronalds Gonzalez, Carter Reeb, and Steve Kelley, in press, Intl. Journ of LCA, 2016.

Progress 08/01/14 to 07/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Policy makers, the scientific community at large, academia, national laboratories, federal and state agencies, private industry, public interest groups, the government sector, land-grant institutions, agricultural producers, forest products industry, bioenergy and biofuels industries, and additional stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The SEED Fellowship Program - As a part of the IBSS project, the Southeast Energy Development (SEED) Fellowship has been implemented to train a capable, effective and safe workforce for biomass production and harvesting, and biofuels processing. The SEED Fellows work in multidisciplinary teams and are assigned real-world problems potentially including either research or field deployment challenges in feedstock production, feedstock logistics, conversion, or markets and distribution of biofuels. Five SEED fellows have been selected for the 2015 cohort to participate in the 10-week program (starting May 25th and ending in July 31st). Two SEED fellows will work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; two others will work at Genera Energy, Vonore, TN and a fifth one will be working at ForestConcepts, Auburn, WA. At the end of the 10-week program, the SEED Fellows will present their research at the annual international meeting American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) to be held in New Orleans, LA. Certified Biomass Professionals Program - Work in Year 4 completed five new segments of the "Certified Biomass Procurement Specialist - Short-Rotation Woody Crops" eXtension online course. These segments are: 1) Species Hybrids and Varietal Selections for Short-Rotation Woody Crops, 2) Species/Site Relationships for Dedicated Energy Plantations, 3) Diseases and Insect Problems Associated with Dedicated Energy Plantations, 4) Building Forest Roads, and 5) Operation of Feller Bunchers. The previous Certified Biomass Procurement Specialist - Switchgrass course continues to be supported an offered online. Chemistry and Biology in Bioenergy Workshop for Teachers - The UT E2O team has developed a workshop for teachers pertaining to biomass and bioenergy. The interdisciplinary nature of IBSS research provides the necessary groundwork for workshop activities that align with relevant science standards in chemistry, biology, and physics. The E2O team designed these activities to be performed by the teachers in their own classrooms, and they complement an end-of-workshop capstone activity pertaining to biomass chemical characterization and biomass conversion. Here, teachers will participate in and learn about IBSS research and how their scientific disciplines intersect to solve one of the societal challenges of the 21st century: securing America's energy future through renewable biofuels. Teachers will also meet with bioenergy industrial representatives and tour the Biomass Innovation Park and cellulosic ethanol refinery. These enrichment activities will help the participants bolster their repertoire of classroom science activities and provide career awareness to their students. Web-based Landowner Decision Tool for Forest Landowners - The Biomass Decision Support System (BDSS) aims to provide a one-stop service to support feedstock producers of the southeastern states with decisions linked to cost, productivity, and extension information. At present the BDSS can be used, at least partially, for four biofuel crops: switchgrass, hybrid poplar, willow and pine (planned). Data on spatially explicit productivity, costs and storage requirements are housed in a Microsoft SQL Server Database. Google Maps Application Programming Interface (API) is used in displaying spatial data. Tools presented in this system combine models of production and profit with market data to illustrate the financial analysis of growing alternative feedstock crops at user's approximate location. The interactive tool also allows users to manipulate input variables (e.g., land area available, feed crop of choice) to simulate and analyze cost and income in spatially explicit fashion under various decision scenarios. The BDSS also features local information on market risk and opportunities, government incentives regarding biomass cropping, and highlights extension/outreach contacts in landowners' region to seek further assistance in biomass feedstock cropping. We are implementing 'Ask An Expert' -a framework tool for connecting agricultural information consumers with extension specialists and we are providing an information exchange platform where users can interact with each other and share knowledge and experience. Finally, syndicated news feed from USDA is displayed in the home page of the BDSS, providing up-to-date information about news, incentive opportunities and other information useful for biomass producers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Bucket to the Barrel Webinar Series - Through the recent "bucket to the barrel" webinar series, more than 700 people have been reached and educated on all of the various topics that were covered (ranging from policy to growth of biofuels, to conversion, etc.). Additionally, field days were hosted for bioenergy day, as well as other educational workshop events. Lastly, work on the Fiber Analytics Decision Support System continues to provide a means to begin the process for assessing the available fiber for bioenergy, within a given region. Fiber Analytics is currently being expanded for other states in the southern region (beyond North Carolina). Whistle Stop Tour - In Fall 2014, the IBSS team took to the road for a second time to show off new and exciting research progress from the IBSS partnership. The second "Whistle Stop Tour" featured the Auburn University Mobile Gasification Laboratory traveling across the Southeast, stopping at IBSS partnership SRWC systems being demonstrated in Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. The tour kicked off in Columbus, MS for an IBSS/Advanced Hardwood Biofuels (AHB) Field Day. At this stop, visitors got to walk through a 70-acre plantation and learn about new research on genetics, stand establishment, wildlife impacts and biomass harvesting logistics. Next, the tour stopped at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center (ETREC) in Knoxville for a half-day Woody Crops Field Day. Visitors to the ETREC learned first-hand about new energy crops like fast-growing woody poplar and their importance as a feedstock for the emerging biofuels industry. This event coincided with the IBSS Annual Meeting, providing regional experts to answer questions from the general public. The tour also made stops at Auburn's Ag Discovery Day and the Alabama Joint Leadership Development Conference (JLDC). Along with the whistle stop tour, the Auburn Mobile Gasification Laboratory conducted 14 public demonstrations on biomass and biofuels in four states in Year 4. There were a total of over 5,250 visitors, including 3,920 students, who viewed the demonstrations of the different types of biomass, thermochemical conversion methods, and biofuels and bio-based products. Southern Regional Extension Forestry - We have created awareness and educated nearly 1,000 students through National Bioenergy Day activities at University of Georgia, as well as other bioenergy day events at other IBSS locations. Through SREF's partnerships and collaborations with other extension forestry personnel and forestry agency personnel in the southern region, we have promoted IBSS information and materials. Additionally, we have worked with USDA Forest Service personnel and the Southern Group of State Foresters (SGSF) Services, Utilization and Marketing (SUM) Committee, which includes an emphasis on bioenergy development across the Southern region. Work with the SGSF committee has included efforts towards continued development of a biofuels industry in the South, as well as standardizing assessments of economic information related to biofuels- for forestry assessments. Public Perceptions - In addition to the traditional extension work, a series of public surveys were conducted. These surveys included more than 10,000 surveys mailed to randomly selected households in NC and TN. The surveys included over 80 items ranked on a 5-point scale, plus opportunities to answer open-ended questions. More than 586 responses were returned. The responses were "ranked" in an iterative process to better reflect each state's demographics. Multivariate data analysis tools were then used to combine 78% of the information contained within the responses into four subgroups, 1) improvements in national and local security, 2) trust in information from the government, 3) impact on food prices, and 4) overall impacts on the economy. In addition, the surveys identified communications strategies for connecting with these different groups. Biofuels Academy - An online web glossary of bioenergy terms and biofuel conversion processes and equipment continues to expand under the IBSS efforts. The online content developed by Tuskegee University faculty contains a glossary of biofuel terms, web modules with a visual encyclopedia of conversion equipment, web modules on biofuel conversion systems, and animated video clips to explain conversion processes. The glossary can be found here: http://www.biofuelsacademy.org/index.php?p=1_2_Glossary. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The IBSS partnership has worked hard over the last four years to address numerous problems that stand in the way of deploying a biofuel industry in the southeast U.S. Our industrial partners continue to evolve as market forces change the dynamics of the biofuel industry. We maintain a significant partnership with GreenWood Resources, and while KiOR has had financial difficulties, our relationship with RES Kaidi (the outgrowth from Rentech) continues to be very close and meaningful. Our work in sustainable feedstock development is paying significant dividends. For switchgrass, we have successfully deployed biotechnology and breeding techniques to develop hybrid plants with reduced recalcitrance to biochemical conversion. For short rotation woody crops, IBSS partner ArborGen developed two transgenic lines of herbicide resistant poplars and a selected pine variety with modified lignin and cell wall structures. Several variety trials of woody crops continue to grow in Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina. These trials are helping identify varieties that are more productive and more disease resistant, and the sampling programs are fully characterizing their physical and chemical properties. The venture that began last year with the dream team of ArborGen and GreenWood Resources is charging ahead with the 70-acre test plantation of hybrid poplar in Mississippi. This full-scale plantation is serving as an excellent real-world demonstration of the challenges and opportunities for short-rotation hardwoods in the South. These plantations will be ready for their first harvests in this upcoming summer and winter and then will be set for two more years of growth and a final harvest. Logistics systems research continues to reveal new knowledge about how to harvest, process, and transport biomass to reduce overall cost and improve conversion performance. Significant information has been developed on optimal woody crop harvest timing and harvest method along with new techniques and engineering information that allow us to process, store, and convey high-quality biomass efficiently and effectively. For herbaceous biomass, a collaborative relationship between IBSS, AGCO, INL, and Genera Energy has been established in the switchgrass harvest and storage trials in Vonore, TN. These collaborative relationships will continue to expand IBSS's capacity to address the feedstock production and logistics challenges associated with advanced biofuels industry development. Sustainability of our feedstock supply system continues to be paramount to the IBSS mission. Sets of data on hydrology, erosion, and water quality are being used to to calibrate and verify soil and water models, which are in turn used to compare the effects on water quality from land conversions to switchgrass versus short-rotation woody crops (pine). Our researchers found that land conversion from hay/pasture to switchgrass or short-rotation pine improved water quality, and while not significant, runoff from short-rotation pine plantations was lower in TSS, TN, and TP annual loadings. Our process modeling and life cycle work is now able to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the biofuel production system and quantify the impact of the feedstock supply chain and the biofuels conversion process on financial and environmental metrics. We are now able to use energy and mass balance data from the process models to complete a LCI of the biofuels manufacturing process and we are well positioned to complete the financial analysis and the complete LCA. We continue to develop new knowledge on gasification, gas-to-liquids, and pyrolysis processes to help our collaborators like Rentech, KiOR, and LanzaTech overcome hurdles in their processes. These advances include removing operational forms of ash as well as the alkali earth metals inherent in the biomass. Other advances include developing a greater understanding of the relationship between biomass and biomass blend properties and the resulting synthesis gas, pyrolysis vapors, and final fuel products, as well as new catalyst formulations, and catalytic techniques for producing fuels and biobased products. The breadth and depth of E2O products continues to expand. These products include courses for K-12 teachers, our Whistle Stop tours, the Biomass Decision Support System, the Certified Biomass Professionals courses, the online web glossary and encyclopedia for biomass and biofuels topics, series of webinars and seminars, university courses, eXtension content, Fact Sheets and bulletins. Moreover, the SEED Fellows program is an extremely successful program that educates young professionals who are ready to enter the biofuel industry workforce or continue to conduct biorefining research in graduate school.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Improved Switchgrass Varieties - Our aim to apply genomics-guided transgenic approaches to leverage resources produced via cell wall modified and/or better architecture transgenic plants is being accomplished in this translational project. Genes for improved cell wall characteristics must be introduced into higher yielding genetic backgrounds to effectively deploy those traits to growers for biomass production. Furthermore, combination of genes with improved characteristics via gene stacking facilitates deployment of novel traits benefitting growers. We have successfully deployed biotechnology and breeding techniques to develop hybrid plants using these methods for agronomically improved switchgrass varieties with reduced recalcitrance. Results of two- to three-year field experiments will be the basis for deployment of improved switchgrass feedstocks for the biofuels industry, widely regarded as a key component of U.S. energy security. Improved Woody Crop Varieties - ArborGen developed two transgenic lines of herbicide resistant poplars during year 3 of the project. The lines proved resistant to common herbicides when grown in vitro. The transgenic lines were screened in greenhouse trials in year 3 and then the same lines were planted in a field test during year 4. While showing a high herbicide resistance in the lab and the greenhouse, the lines, were damaged by the same herbicides when applied at label rates for resistant trees under field conditions. More stringent testing in the laboratory and greenhouse is needed before moving lines to the field and many more lines should be included in future tests. No further work will be done on this project. ArborGen also completed the work of genetically modifying a selected variety of loblolly pine with several genetic constructs to modify lignin and cell wall structures. Some seedlings were grown in the greenhouse and transferred to North Carolina State University during year 3. A second set of transgenic seedlings was grown in the field for 1 year in Georgia. The seedlings were removed from the field for analysis by North Carolina State University wood scientists. Deploying Woody Crops - Through the first four years of the woody crops project a series of genetics trials were established to evaluate the suitability of several commercially available and 'in-development" cottonwood and hybrid poplar varieties as short-rotation woody biomass feedstocks. We have identified several varieties with 50% or more tree volume than a common, commercially available cottonwood, and we are assessing the physical and chemical wood properties of the identified varieties. We have also identified a serious disease that could have had major impacts on poplar biomass productivity had we not identified it in this project. Many cottonwood varieties are resistant to the disease while most hybrid poplars are not resistant. Demonstration trials for spacing and genetics were planted in years two and three with poplars and Eucalyptus. The demonstrations indicate that plantation density affects individual tree size and per acre yields differently, and are also being used for measuring soil carbon changes and water use efficiency (water use/biomass production). These plots are reaching first rotation age and will be harvested to develop seedling rotation biomass yield equations for wood, bark, branches and foliage. We are harvesting plots at different times of year to assess opportunities/penalties for year-round feedstock supplies and yields from a first coppice rotation. Extending the Supply and Quality of Biomass Feedstock - ArborGen has installed 4 poplar genetics trials to evaluate field performance and variation in mechanical and chemical properties as biomass feedstocks. The genetics trials were planted in TN in year 2, AL and TN in year 3 and MS in year 4. A total of 61 cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and hybrid poplar varieties (various hybrids) have been included in the testing program. Many of these varieties are commercially available to landowners through various vendors including ArborGen and GreenWood Resources. Hybrid poplar varieties get off to a quick start and are the fastest growing trees at almost all locations after the first year. They also tend to have higher survival. But during the second and third growing season, a stem canker disease (Septoria musivia) has started to show up on hybrid poplar varieties. The cottonwood clones are resistant to this disease and they begin to display superior growth performance in many instances. The clonal trials in NC, which contain all the 70 lines planted in Columbus, MS, were also used begin the evaluations on water use (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE). The WUE measurements will be used for life cycle analysis. ?Process Models/LCA Developments - The process modeling and life cycle work was integrated over this past year and is now able to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the system. Specifically, the impact of the feedstock supply chain and the biofuels conversion process can now be used to evaluate financial and environmental trade-offs. Over the first three years the supply chain, along with the chemicals and fuels inputs and chemical composition (i.e., individual wood components, ultimate and proximate, and ash) for switchgrass, short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) and southern pine thinnings, was carefully defined. The harvesting and storage impacts were also defined. This information allowed for the creation of a detailed Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for the IBSS feedstocks. This past year the ASPEN Plus engineering process model used to measure the production of a biobased hydrocarbon fuel via a pyrolysis process was updated to be compositionally sensitive. This updated process model is based on experimental data collected by the IBSS team for a variety of individual and combined feedstocks. The yield of the four fractions coming from the initial pyrolysis process, e.g., bio-oil, water, char/residue, and permanent gases is sensitive to the carbon content and the ash content of the feedstocks. The overall yield of the biofuel can now be correlated with the feedstock. With the energy and mass balance data coming from the process models we are able to complete a LCI of the biofuels manufacturing process. With these two separate LCI, and the details of the process unit operations, we were about to begin the financial analysis and the complete LCA. ?Fast Pyrolysis - A family of mixed oxide catalysts has been studied that is capable of reducing the oxygen content of pyrolysis oil vapors through deoxygenation reactions of levoglucosan. These catalysts concurrently increase the furan content of the pyrolysis oil vapors. This work demonstrates the utility of novel catalysts for upgrading reactions, and could serve as substitutes for widely used shape-selective acidic catalysts to produce low-oxygen bio oil. Conversion Industry - Our IBSS industrial partners have repeatedly acknowledged the challenge that ash presents in processing feedstock to advanced fuels and industrial chemicals. The impact of inorganics is felt at virtually every stage of the process, from wear on size reduction equipment to reactor corrosion and catalyst fouling. The latter proved to be problematic for KiOR, experiencing product yields well below expectations. Over the past year, a close partnership was formed between KiOR researchers and the IBSS Conversion team to identify methods to reduce ash in the feedstock coming into the Columbus, MS plant. After several months of intense work, an approach was identified that could dramatically reduce ash (>90% of physiological ash removal) and could be introduced with commercially available pre-processing technology. Although this important development was not sufficient to eliminate all of the company's problems, it does stand as a practical and implementable solution for their next plant.

Publications

Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Boby, Leslie. Extension and Outreach Activities in Support of the Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS). 2014 Extension Energy and Environment Summit, Ames, IA, Sept. 25, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Boby, Leslie. IBSS Extension and Outreach. 25 x 25 Southern Bioenergy Working group. Virtual meeting. May 2, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Broomfield, H., Nyakatawa, E.Z. Cebert, E., Mays, D.A. 2015. Growth and biomass of sweet sorghum biofuel feedstock production in north Alabama. [Abstract]. Presented at the Sun Grant Annual Conference, February 2-5 2015. Auburn, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cartner, Samuel, Nourredine Abdoulmoumine and Sushil Adhikari. 2014. Understanding the role of biomass properties on tar formation. ASABE meeting. July 21-24. Kansas City, MO.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Coupland, Conyers and Neal Yancey. 2014. Preprocessing optimization for high moisture corn stover. ASABE meeting. July 13-16. Montreal, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. Presentation: Society of American Foresters Pisgah Chapter Meeting, Energy policies, resource competition, and other factors that impact wood energy projects in the Southeast, Asheville, NC. October 30th, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. Visual Presentation: Biomass 2014: Growing the Future Bioeconomy. Transitioning from the Bucket to the Barrel Educational Biofuels Webinar Series. Washington Convention Center, Washington DC. July 29-30, 2014. [http://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/biomass-2014-growing-future-bioeconomy].
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. 2014. Woody Biomass Energy (Past, Present and Future). Presented at NC Sustainable Forestry Teachers Academy. New Bern, NC. June 26, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. and R.E. Bardon. 2014. Transitioning from the Bucket to the Barrel Educational Biofuels Webinar Series. Presented at Association of Natural Resource Professionals 9th Natural Resource Extension Professionals Conference. Golden Opportunities: The Role of Education and Community Engagement in Sustaining Natural Resources. Sacramento, CA. May 18-22, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Edge, Carson, Shane Carnohan and Jacob Jacobson. 2014. Analysis of risk due to variable feedstock moisture content for biofuel production model. ASABE meeting. July 13-16. Montreal, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Integrating biofuels educational modules into two chemical engineering courses, 2015. ASEE-SE Annual Conference, April 12-14, 2015, Gainesville, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Integrating Biofuels Education into Chemical Engineering Curriculum, The sixth Frontiers of Engineering Education (FOEE) Symposium, October 26-29, 2014, Irvine, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Knight, J., J. Jeuck, R. E. Bardon, D.W. Hazel, and H. Cser. 2014. Resource Supply Assessment: Bertie County Economic Development. FiberAnlaytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: He Q.P. & Wang J., Educate Chemical Engineers for Renewable and Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals: Opportunities and Challenges, American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Southeast Section Conference, Mar. 30 Apr. 1, Mercer, GA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hubbard, Bill, Extension and Outreach Efforts in Support of Creating a Sustainable Forestry & Agriculture Biomass Economy in the Southern United States. 2015 Sun Grant Conference. Wed. Feb. 4, 2015, Auburn, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hubbard, William. IBSS Extension Work. AFRI Sustainable Bioenergy Project Directors Meeting in Washington, DC on October 15, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Knight, J. 2015. Southeastern Biomass Interactive Mapping Service. North Carolina GIS Conference. Raleigh, NC. February 26, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Alexander, L.W., Haynes, E.R., Burris, J., Jackson, S., Stewart Jr., C.N. Cultural treatments for accelerated growth and flowering of Panicum virgatum. Biofuels (2015) DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2015.1025466.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Collins, S.B., M.M. Dee, K.D. Gwinn, and B.H. Ownley. 2015. Fusarium species reduce plant stand and biomass yield of switchgrass. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA. Phytopathology 105.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dale VH, KL Kline, MA Buford, TA Volk, CT Smith, I Stupak (Submitted) Incorporating bioenergy into sustainable landscape designs. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Review.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dale VH, Parish ES, Kline KL (2015) Risks to global biodiversity from fossil-fuel production exceed those from biofuel production. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. 9(2):177-189.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dale VH, RA Efroymson, KL Kline, and M Davitt. (In press) A framework for selecting indicators of bioenergy sustainability. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Joly CA, Huntley BJ, LM Verdade LM, Dale VH, Mace G, Muok B, Ravindranath NH. 2015. Biofuel impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Chapter 16 in (Souza GM and Joly CA, editors) Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Rapid Assessment Process on Bioenergy and Sustainability, Paris, France.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ownley, B., S. Collins, and M. Dee. 2014. Effect of Fusarium species isolated from switchgrass plants and seeds on foliar disease and stand establishment. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. Phytopathology 104 (Suppl. 3):S3.88.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Parish, E. S., Dale, V. H., English, B. C., Jackson, S. W., Tyler D. D (in review) Assessing multimetric aspects of sustainability: Application to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee. Ecosphere.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Pollesch N, VH Dale (2015). Applications of aggregation theory to sustainability assessment. Ecological Economics. 114: 117-127.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sieden, Z., L. Baskaran, J.S. Schwartz, V.H. Dale, T.G. Rails, and E.S. Parish. 2014. Comparison of Modeled Runoff Water Quality from Bioenergy Crop Land Conversions of Switchgrass and Short-rotation Pine in the Southeast Region, USA. Biomass & Bioenergy.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Daniel P. L. de Souza, Tom Gallagher, Dana Mitchell, Mathew Smidt, Tim McDonald, Jeff Wright. Determining the impact of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration. In Proceedings of Council on Forest Engineering annual meeting.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Goncalves, B., Till, D., Fasina, O., Tamang, B. and Gallagher, T. Influence of bark on the physical and thermal decomposition behavior of short-rotation Eucalyptus. Accepted in Bioenergy Research.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jiang, W., Zhou, C.F., Via, B. and Fasina, O. 2015. Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR carbohydrate polymers. Accepted in Carbohydrate Polymers.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Owen, K., Fasina, O., Taylor, S. and Adhikari, S. 2015. Technical Note: Thermal decomposition behavior of loblolly pine stemwood, bark and limbs/foliage using TGA and DSC techniques. Trans. ASABE. 58: 509-518.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Astner, A.F., T.M. Young, and J.J. Bozell. 2015. Taguchi robust product design for lignin yield maximization in organosolv fractionation of mixed biorefinery feedstocks. Biomass and Bioenergy. 73(2):209-216.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bozell, J.J., A. Astner, D. Baker, B. Biannic, D. Cedeno, T. Elder, O. Hosseinaei, L. Delbeck, J.W. Kim, C.J. OLenick and T.M. Young. 2014. Integrating separation and conversion conversion of biorefinery process streams to biobased chemicals and fuels. BioEnergy Research. 7(3):856-866.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Chen, H; Venditti, R; Gonzalez, R; Phillips, R;Jameel, H; Park, S; Economic evaluation of the conversion of industrial paper sludge to ethanol; ENERGY ECONOMICS, (2014), V 44, pg 281.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Liu, Jeffrey and Jin Wang. 2014. Ethanol production from xylose. ASABE meeting. July 21-24. Kansas City, MO.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: McGhee, Ryan and Xinyu Zhang. 2014.Nanofibers and nanoclips for lithium-ion batteries using microwave decomposition. ASABE meeting. July 21-24. Kansas City, MO.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rubisch, Mary and Sam Jackson. 2014. Predicting environmental impact of switchgrass leachate. ASABE meeting. July 13-16. Montreal, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T.G., J. McCord, N. Labbe, and J. Wright. 2014. The IBSS Partnership: Advancing Energy Crop Supply Systems in the Southeastern United States, 10th Biennial Conference of the Short-Rotation Woody Crop Operations Working Group, July 17-19, Seattle, WA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T.G. 2014. Advanced Biofuels Deployment In the Southeastern United States. Mississippi Bioproducts and Renewable Energy Conference, November 13, Hattiesburg, MS.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G. 2014. The IBSS Partnership Field Day: Development of Hybrid Poplar as an Energy Crop. Popular press, Interview with WCBI-TV in Columbus, MS. Includes additional story published on the WCBI website.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G. 2014. The IBSS Partnership Field Day - Bioenergy research continues march toward energy independence. Popular press, UTIA press release.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G. 2014. Genera Energy, University of Tennessee team up on IBSS Program. Popular press, UTIA press release.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G. 2014. A View of Biofuels History in the US from the Mountains of Tennessee. Popular press, Interview with Advanced Biofuels USA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G., S. Kelley, B. Hubbard, S. Taylor, and M. Cunningham. 2014. Deploying an Advanced Biofuels Industry in the Southeastern United States. Abstract from scientific or discipline meetings, Biomass 2014, July 29-30, Washington, D.C.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Daystar, J; Gonzalez, R; Reeb, CW; Venditti, RA; Treasure, T; Abt, R; Kelley, SS; Economics, Environmental Impacts, and Supply Chain Analysis of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuels in the Southern US: Pine, Eucalyptus, Unmanaged Hardwoods, Forest Residues, Switchgrass, and Sweet Sorghum; BIORESOURCES, (2014), V 9 (1), pg 393.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Rials, T. G., S. Kelley, S. Taylor, and M. Cunningham. 2014. The IBSS Partnership: Reducing Barriers to the Deployment of an Advanced Biofuels Industry In the Southeast. Paper from conference proceedings, Proceedings of The Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. In press.
Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Drummond, Daniel and Tanner Jessel. Added Report Your Results function to the website to allow materials to be easily added by IBSS team members, and an update/reorganization of se-ibss.org publications/products, etc.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Boby, Leslie. Lead discussion on ways and means of including Bioenergy in Forest Economic Analysis for the Southern Region at the Forest Economic Development Analysis Summit. Little Rock AR. March 23, 2015.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Daystar, J.,Trevor Treasure, Ronalds Gonzalez, Carter Reeb, Richard Venditti, and Steve Kelley, The NREL Biochemical and Thermochemical Ethanol Conversion Processes: Financial and Environmental Analysis Comparison, Bioresources, 5/11/15, Accepted.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Daystar, J., Treasure, T., Reeb, C., Venditti, R., Gonzalez, R., & Kelley, S. (2015). Environmental impacts of bioethanol using the NREL biochemical conversion route: multivariate analysis and single score results. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hayes; J.A., J.S. Schwartz, and D.C. Yoder. (in review) Hydrology curve number for switchgrass land cover in East Tennessee. Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Larson, James A., T. Edward Yu, Burton C. English, Kimberly L. Jensen, Yuan Gao, and Chenguang Wang, 2015. Effect of outdoor storage losses on feedstock inventory management and plant-gate cost for a switchgrass conversion facility in East Tennessee, Renewable Energy, Elsevier, 74 pp: 803-814.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lixia He, Burton C. English, Daniel De La Torre Ugarte, and Donald G. Hodges. (2014). "Woody Biomass Potential for Energy Feedstock in United States." Journal of Forest Economics. DOI information: 10.1016/j.jfe.2014.04.002.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Markel, Evan L., Christopher D. Clark, and Dayton M. Lambert, 2014. Renewable Fuel Standard and Treatment of Woody Biomass, Integrated Biomass Supply System.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Parish, E. S., Dale, V. H., English, B. C., Jackson, S. W., Tyler D. D (in review) Assessing multimetric aspects of sustainability: Application to a bioenergy crop production system in East Tennessee. Ecological Monographs (In Review).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Seiden, Z.T., L. Baskaran, J.S. Schwartz, V.H. Dale, T.G. Rials, and E.S. Parish. (revisions needed). Comparing modeled runoff water quality from bioenergy cropland conversations of switchgrass and short-rotation pipe in the southeastern USA. Biomass & Bioenergy.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Treasure, T; Gonzalez, R; Jameel, H;Phillips, RB;Park, S;Kelley, SS; Integrated conversion, financial, and risk modeling of cellulosic ethanol from woody and non-woody biomass via dilute acid pre-treatment; BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR, (2014), V 8(6), pg 755
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Young, T.M., Y. Wang, F.M. Guess, M. Fly, D. Hodges, and N. Pouydal. 2015. Understanding the characteristics of non-industrial private forest landowners that harvest trees. Small-Scale Forestry. In Press.DOI: 10.1007/s11842-015-9287-9
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yu, T.E., Z. Wang, B.C. English, and J.A. Larson. 2014. Designing a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply Systems in Tennessee: A Multiobjective Optimization Analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 46(3): 357-374
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Astner, A. F., Young, T. M., Bozell, J. J., Lignin yield maximization of mixed biorefinery feedstocks by organosolv fractionation using Taguchi Robust Product Design. Biomass Bioenergy 2015, 73, 209-216.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Avanti Kulkarni, 2015. Biomass gasification for fuels and power production using a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. Dissertation Auburn University unpublished.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bozell, J. J., Astner, A., Baker, D., Biannic, B., Cedeno, D., Elder, T., Hosseinaei, O., Delbeck, L., Kim, J. W., O'Lenick, C. J., Young, T., Integrating separation and conversionconversion of biorefinery process streams to biobased chemicals and fuels. Bioenergy Res. 2014, 7, 856-866.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: C. Lai, M. Tu, Z. Shi, K. Zhang, L. Olmos, S. Yu. 2014. Contrasting effects of hardwood and softwood organosolv lignins on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Bioresource Technology, accepted.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ren, X., Meng, J., Moore, A.M., Chang, J., Gou, J., Park, S. 2014. Thermogravimetric investigation on the degradation properties and combustion performance of bio-oils. Bioresource Technology 152: 267-274.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Duggan, J.N.; Roberts, C.B..; Clustering and Solvation of Cobalt Nanostructures in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(41), 15889-15895, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sammond, D. W., Yarbrough, J. M., Mansfield, E., Bomble, Y. J., Hobdey, S. E., Decker, S. R., Taylor, L. E., Resch, M. G., Bozell, J. J., Himmel, M. E., Vinzant, T. B., Crowley, M. F., Predicting enzyme adsorption to lignin films by calculating enzyme surface hydrophobicity. J. Biol. Chem. 2014, 289, 20960-20969.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Via, B.K., C. Zhou, G. Acquah, W. Jiang, L.Eckhardt. 2014. Near Infrared Spectroscopy Calibration for Wood Chemistry: Which Chemometric Technique Is Best for Prediction and Interpretation? Sensors 14(8):13532-13547.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Celikbag, Y., B.K. Via, S. Adhikari, Y. Wu. 2014. Effect of liquefaction temperature on hydroxyl groups of bio-oil from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). Bioresource Technology 169 (10):808-811.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Durham, E.; Stewart, C.; Roe, D.; Xu, R.; Zhang, S.; Roberts, C.B.; Supercritical Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Heavy Aldehyde Production and the Role of Process Conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, (53): 9695-9702, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Pranav S. Vengsarkar, Rui Xu & Christopher B. Roberts, Deposition of iron oxide nanoparticles onto an oxidic support using a gas-expanded liquid process to generate a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, Submitted to Applied Catalysis A, December, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Ravindran, H., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar, S., Adhikari, S., Fasina, O., Tu, M., Via, B., & Taylor, S. (2015). Production of Bio-oil from Underutilized Forest Biomass Using an Auger Reactor. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 37(7), 750-757.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, R.; Zhang, S.; Stewart, C.; Durham, E.; Eden, M.R.; Roberts, C.B.; Effect of reaction conditions on supercritical hexanes mediated higher alcohol synthesis over a Cu-Co-Zn catalyst, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 60(5), 1786-1796, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zhang, S.; Xu, R.; Durham, E., Roberts, C.B.; Middle distillates production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis with integrated upgrading under supercritical conditions, American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal, 60(7), 2573-2583, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhou, C., Jiang, W., Via, B. K., Fasina, O., & Han, G. (2015). Prediction of mixed hardwood lignin and carbohydrate content using ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR. Carbohydrate Polymers, 121, 336-341.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Morris, P. 2014. Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners and Agriculture Landowners Perceptions and Knowledge of Biomass and the Bio-energy Industry in North Carolina and Tennessee. Masters Thesis, completed August 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Radics, R., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. 2015. Consumers Perceptios of Bioenergy in North Carolina and Tennessee, Submitted to Biomass and BioenergyRadics, R., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. 2015. Systematic Review of Bioenergy Perceptions Studies, Submitted to Bioresources
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Morris, P., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. 2015. North Carolina Farm Landowners Perceptions of Biomass and Bioenergy, Submitted to Bioresources
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Morris, P., Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S. 2015. Non-industrial Private Forest Landowners Perceptions and Knowledge of Biomass and Bioenergy, Submitted to Bioresources
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lynch, S, M.F. Smidt, P. Merrill, and R. Sesek. 2014. Incidence of MSDs and neck and back pain among logging machine operators in the Southern U.S. Journal of Ag Safety and Health 20(3):211-218.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Xu, Smidt, Zhang. Logging worker wage, performance, and experience, Forest Products Journal.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bardon, R. E. and D. W. Hazel. 2014. Wood Energy: Understanding the Forest Connection. A regional peer reviewed factsheet of Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems. Athens, GA. 9p.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, Helene E. 2014. Are Biomass Energy Markets In Your Future? National Woodlands. Winter 2014. Pg. 10-12.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. Presenter and Program Chair: Utilizing Woody Biomass for Energy, Overview of how energy policies and completion from other resources impact wood energy projects in the Southeast. Iredell County Extension Center, Statesville, NC. August 27, 2014. [http://www.biomassforestry.org/].
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Johnson D., Knight A., Polala R., Zhang R., A Modular Approach of Integrating Biofuels Education into Chemical Engineering Curriculum: Part I Learning Materials, under review by Chemical Engineering Education.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Osborne, N., R.E. Bardon, and D. Hazel, (in Press). Rapidly sampling of scattered and piled forest harvest residue: A biomass energy feedstock and important environmental component. Southern Regional Extension Forestry A Regional Peer Reviewed Technology Bulletin. Athens, GA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stewart, N. 2014. Development of hybrid switchgrass for improved biomass traits and field assessment. IBSS Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN, October 8, 2014.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, Y., M.F. Smidt, and Y. Zhang. 2014. Value of vocational logging training. Proceedings of the Council on Forest Engineering annual meeting, Moline, IL, June 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cunningham, M. Feedstock Development Progress Reports IBSS Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN, October 8, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hatcher, C. Development of hybrid switchgrass for improved biomass traits and field assessment. IBSS Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN, October 8, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stewart, N. 2014. Modified switchgrass for higher biofuel and biomass. CIBB 2014, Second International Congress of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Guayaquil, Ecuador, June 12, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stewart, N. 2014. Plant synthetic biology tools to transform bioenergy feedstocks. Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Clearwater Beach, FL, April 30, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Stewart, N. 2014. Development of hybrid switchgrass for improved biomass traits and field assessment. IBSS Crop Development UT-Team meeting, Knoxville, TN, March 20, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Tamang, B. 2014. The Status of ArborGens Contributions to Woody Feedstock Development. IBSS Annual Meeting, Knoxville, TN, October 8, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wuddineh, W. 2015. Identification and overexpression of gibberellic acid 2-oxidase (GA2ox) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) for improved plant architecture and reduced biomass recalcitrance. Sun Grant Conference, Auburn, AL, February 2, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Albert, G. 2014. Analysis of Productivity and Wood Quality in a Diverse Collection of 10 Loblolly Pine Families Growing Under Two Treatment Regimes. IBSS Annual Meeting, Knoxville TN. Oct 8-9, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Collins, S.B., M.M. Dee, and B.H. Ownley. 2014. Pathogenicity and virulence of Fusarium species isolated from commercial switchgrass seed. Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS) Annual Conference. Knoxville, TN, Oct 8-10.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Collins, S.B., A. Vu, M. Dee, K. Gwinn, and B.H. Ownley. 2015. Fusarium diseases of switchgrass. 2015 Sun Grant Conference, Auburn, AL, Feb 2-4.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Collins, S.B. 2015. Identification, Characterization, and Impact of Pathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria species on Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Spring Seminar Series, University of Tennessee, Mar. 6, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Collins, S.B., M.M. Dee, K.D. Gwinn, and B.H. Ownley. 2015. Fusarium species reduce plant stand and biomass yield of switchgrass. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pasadena, CA. Phytopathology 105: submitted. (Presentation to be given August 1-5, 2015).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dee, M., O. Fajolu, A. Vu, R. Trigiano, P. Wadl, K. Gwinn, and B.H. Ownley. 2015. Bipolaris diseases of switchgrass. 2015 Sun Grant Conference, Auburn, AL, Feb 2-4.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hall, K.B., Thomas, N., Stape, J., Assessing and modeling the growth of Eucalyptus benthamii in the Southern United States, CMPC RioGrandense Zobel Grant, S�o Gabriel, RS, Brasil, May, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hall, K.B., Thomas, N., Stape, J., Assessing and modeling the growth of Eucalyptus benthamii in the Southern United States Short-Rotation Woody Crop Conference, Seattle, WA, July, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Hall, K.B., Thomas, N., Stape, J., Modeling the actual productivity of Eucalyptus benthamii for the southeastern United States, FPC-US Eucalyptus Contact Meeting, Summerville, SC, March, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hall, K.B., Thomas, N., Stape, J., Modeling the actual productivity of Eucalyptus benthamii for the southeastern United States FPC US-Eucalyptus Contact Meeting, Fort Pierce, FL, June, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Seiden, Z., and J.S. Schwartz. 2014. A water quality model comparison of potential impacts from bioenergy crop land conversions: switchgrass versus hardwoods. ASCE/ EWRI World Water & Environmental Resources Congress; Portland, Oregon; June 1-4, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Daniel P. L. de Souza, Tom Gallagher, Dana Mitchell, Mathew Smidt, Tim McDonald, Jeff Wright. Determining the impact of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration. Society of American Foresters Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct 8-11, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cavasos, K., Clark C.D., English B.C., Wilson, Lambert D.M. 2014. Cellulosic Biofuel Facility Locations: Impacts on Surface Water Quality in the Southeastern United States. Poster Presented at the 2014 Watershed Symposium, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Determining the impact of felling method and time of the year on coppice regeneration. T. Gallagher, D.P. Leite de Souza, M. Smidt, T. McDonald, D. Mitchell and J. Wright. Proceedings of the 5th Forest Engineering Conference and 47th International Symposium on Forest Mechanization. Sept 23-26, 2014, Gerardmer, France.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Shedden, Magen, et al. 2015. Optimized stacking of large square bales for in-stack drying of switchgrass. Poster presented at the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting; July 26-29, 2015; New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Venditi, D. and Fasina, O. Rheology of loblolly pine slurry, ASABE Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO, July 21-24, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Dale, V., Opportunities to Design Sustainable Bioenergy Systems at the International Union of Forest Research Organization World Congress in Salt Lake City, Utah, October 5-11, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: English, BC, Lixia He, T. Edward Yu, R. Jamey Menard, Bradly Wilson, 2014. Economic Impact of a Renewable Fuels Biorefinery Expansion: A Case Study in Mississippi, Presented at INFORMS Annual Meeting: Bridging Data and Decisions, San Francisco, November.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: English, BC, Lixia He, T. Edward Yu, R. Jamey Menard, Bradly Wilson, 2015. Estimating the Cost of Feedstock for a Hypothetical Bio-refinery: A Case Study in Mississippi, Presented at Annual Southeastern Sun Grant Meeting, Auburn, Feb. 4.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: English, Burton C., T. Edward Yu, and James Larson, The future of biofuels from Economists viewpoint: Where are we and where might we be going, The 2015 Julia Water Environmental Forum, Sweet Briar College, Virginia, March.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lambert, DM, BC English, RJ Menard, B Wilson, L He, TE Yu, K Jensen, 2015. Firm Preferences for Skilled Labor and Optimal Biofuel Facility Location in the Southeastern US, Presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists, Atlanta, GA, January 31-February 3.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Larson, Jim A., T. Edward Yu, Christopher N. Boyer, Burton C.English, Nicole Labb�, Lindsey M. Kline, and Don D. Tyler, 2015. Effect of Particle Size and Bale Wrap on Storage Losses and Quality of Switchgrass, Presented at Annual Southeastern Sun Grant Meeting, Auburn, Feb. 4.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Parish, E., Designing Bioenergy Systems for Multiple Environmental Services and Socioeconomic Benefits during a bioenergy symposium that was part of the American Society of Agronomy International annual meeting in Long Beach, California, November 2-5, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Reeb, C. W., T. Hays, R. Venditti, R. Gonzalez, S. Kelley. 2014. Life Cycle Assessment of Malaysian Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biomass (versus Southeastern US Biomass Feedstocks) for Green Chemical Production. Proceedings of the American Center for Life Cycle Assessment. October 7, 2014. San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Seiden, Z., and J.S. Schwartz. 2015. Comparison of Modeled Runoff Water Quality from Bioenergy Crop Land Conversions of Switchgrass and Short-rotation Pine in the Southeast Region, USA. TN AWRA 24thTennessee Water Resources Symposium, Burns, Tennessee; April 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Shikha Chugh, T. Edward Yu, Samuel W. Jackson, James A. Larson, Burton C. English, and Seong-Hoon Cho, 2015. Exploring the Potential to Penetrate the Energy Markets for Tennessee-Produced Switchgrass Presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists, Atlanta, GA, January 31-February 3.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Young, T.M., J.H. Perdue and T.G. Rials. 2015. Extending Web-Based Outreach using the Biomass Site Assessment Tool (BioSAT). Southeastern Sun Grant Conference, Auburn AL, Feb. 3-4.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yu, T.E., B.C. English, L. He, J.A. Larson, J. Calcagno, J.S. Fu, and B. Wilson. 2014. Optimizing Net Present Value and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Advanced Biofuel Supply Chains in Tennessee. Selected paper at the INFORMS annual meeting, San Francisco, CA. November 10-13.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yu, T.E. Imputed GHG Emission Costs from a Regional Switchgrass Feedstock Supply Chain. 2015. USDA Economists Group Seminar, US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC. January 14.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yu, T.E., B.C. English, L. He, J.A. Larson, J. Calcagno, J.S. Fu, and B. Wilson. 2015. Cellulosic Biofuel Supply Chains and its Greenhouse Gas Emissions Impact: A Case Study in West Tennessee. Selected paper at the Transportation Research Board annual meeting, Washington DC. January 11-15.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Acquah G., Via B.K., Fasina O., Eckhardt L.G. Nondestructive estimation of the chemical and thermal properties of forest biomass using vibrational spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. IUFRO World Congress. October 2014, Salt Lake City, Utah (Abstract).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhong, Jia, T. Edward Yu, Burton C. English, and James Larson, 2015. Environmental and economic trade-offs of switchgrass supply chain for biofuel in Tennessee, Presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the Southern Association of Agricultural Scientists, Atlanta, GA, January 31-February 3.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Yu, T.E., B.C. English, L. He, J.A. Larson, J. Calcagno, J.S. Fu, and B. Wilson. 2015. Evaluating the Supply Chains of Cellulosic Transportation Fuel in Tennessee. Selected paper at the 56th Annual Transportation Research Forum, Atlanta GA. March 12-14.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, BK. Eckhardt. 2015. Screening Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) families for physical and mechanical properties using infrared spectroscopy. This is Research: Student Symposium 2015, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B.K., Fasina, O., Eckhardt, L.G. 2014. Nondestructive prediction of the chemical and thermal properties of forest biomass using near infrared spectroscopy. Graduate Scholars Forum 2014, Research Week, Auburn University.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Banholzer, Marc. Lignin maximization: Analyzing the impact of different feedstocks and feedstock ratios using organosolv fractionation; presented at the first seminar, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, April 9, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bozell, J. J., Can the biorefinery survive cheap oil? Approaches to high value chemical products from carbohydrates and lignin Presented at the 2015 Sun Grant regional meeting Auburn University February 3, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Celikbag, Y., Via, B.K., Auad, M.L. 2015. Pyrolysis oil substituted epoxy resin: Improved ratio optimization and cross-link efficiency. This is Research: Student Symposium 2015, Auburn University, Auburn, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Chet E. Greer, Sarah Acado, Pyoungchung Kim, Nicole Labb�, and Stephen C. Chmely. Ex-situ vapor-phase upgrading of pyrolysis vapors using layered double hydroxide catalysts 248th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 10-14, 2014, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Chmely, Stephen, N. Labb�, P. Kim, C. E. Greer, S. Acado, and P. Bhattacharya. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose using novel basic catalysts. 7th US Department of Energy Biomass Conference, Washington, D.C., July 29-30, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Labb�, Nicole, Mark T. Alexander, Samuel L. Jackson, Anna Kim, Choo Hamilton, Joon-Hyun Park. Quality and performance of switchgrass produced in the Southeast United States. 7th US Department of Energy Biomass Conference, Washington, D.C., July 29-30, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Roe, D.; Roberts, C.B.; Use of a Nanoscale Catalyst and Supercritical Reaction Medium in Fuel Production Via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, November 16-21, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Roe, D.; Roberts, C.B.; Production via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis with a Nanoscale Catalyst and Supercritical Reaction Medium, Sun Grant Regional Conference. Auburn University, AL., February 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Roe, D.; Roberts, C.B.; Use of a Nanoscale Catalyst and Supercritical Reaction Medium in Fuel Production via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Graduate Scholars Symposium at Research Week. Auburn University and Dixon Conference Center, Auburn University, AL. June 3, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Stewart, C.; Roberts, C.B.; Effect of a Supercritical Isooctane Reaction Medium on Catalytic Performance in the Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons (MTH) Reaction. Sun Grant Regional Conference. Auburn University, AL., February, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stewart, C.; Roberts, C.B.; Effect of a Supercritical Isooctane Reaction Medium on the Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons over H-ZSM-5. AIChE Annual Meeting. Atlanta, GA. November 18, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stewart, C.; Roberts, C.B.; Supercritical Fluids as Reaction Media in the Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons. 2014 Graduate Scholars Symposium at Research Week. Auburn University and Dixon Conference Center, Auburn University, AL. June 3, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Tu, M., C. Lai (2014) Revealing a Stimulatory Effect of Lignin in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose. AIChE Annual Meeting, November 16-21, oral presentation, Atlanta, GA
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Vengsarkar, P. S., Xu, Rui & Roberts, C. B..; Controlled Deposition of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Novel Gas-Expanded Liquid (GXL) Process to Generate Supported Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts, AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, November 16-21, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, R.; Vengsarkar, P.; Roberts, C.B., Deposition of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles onto an Oxidic Support Using a Gas-Expanded Liquid Process to Generate a Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst, presented at Gordon Research Conference on Catalysis, June, 2014, New London, NH.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Vengsarkar, P. S., Xu, Rui & Roberts, C. B.; Preparation of a supported Fischer-Tropsch catalyst using a novel Gas-eXpanded Liquid (GXL) process and its application in the generation of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude, Auburn University Research Week, Auburn, AL, 2014 (Outstanding Oral Presentation in Engineering Award).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Vensarkar, P.S.; Xu, R.; Roberts, C.B.; Application-scale size-selective fractionation of iron oxide nanoparticles using CO2-expanded liquids, ACS National Meeting, COLL 77, March, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Via, B.K., Acquah. G., Cheng, G., Eckhardt, L.G. 2014. Modeling for wood chemistry, stiffness, and disease resistance: an update. Forest Health Cooperative Advisory Board Meeting.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, Rui, Vengsarkar, P.S.; Roberts, C.B.; Fischer Tropsch Synthesis over Supported Nano-Iron Catalysts Synthesized By Gas-Expanded Liquid Deposition Technique, AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, November 16-21, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Y. Huang, M. Tu (2015) Positive role of lignin in enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, March 22-26, 2015, oral presentation, Denver, CO.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lynch, Smidt, Sesek. 2015. Noise and Vibration Exposure in Full-tree Logging Systems in the Southeastern U.S.A. Accepted for FORMEC meeting Linz, Austria.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Smidt, Qin, McDonald. 2015. Modeling trucking productivity limits due to in woods interactions. Accepted for COFE meeting Lexington, KY.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, Y., M.F. Smidt, and Y. Zhang. 2014. Value of vocational logging training. Poster SAF meeting Salt Lake City, UT October 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Adhilkari, Sushil and Steven Taylor. Undergraduate bioenergy education through the SEED fellowship. ASABE meeting. July 13-16. Montreal, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bardon, R. E. and D. Hazel. 2015. Trees, Energy and Europeans. Presented at Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, Duke University. Durham, NC. February 3, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bardon, R. E. and D. W. Hazel. 2014. A quick metric for assessing scattered coarse woody debris following harvesting. Presented at Utilizing Woody Biomass for Energy: Policy, Perspectives, and Practice. Statesville, NC. August 27, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Betterton, Evan and Timothy McDonald. 2014. Maximizing the efficiency of forest product transportation using mobile technology. ASABE meeting. July 21-24. Kansas City, MO
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Brown, Alexus and Sam Jackson. 2014. Biomass preprocessing and characterization of biomass producing feedstock. ASABE meeting. July 13-16. Montreal, Canada.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Boby, Leslie. Discussion on ways and means of including Bioenergy in Forest IMPLAN analysis. Southern Forest Economic Summit, March 24, 2015. Little Rock AR.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Boby, Leslie. IBSS Developments and Discussion about Bioenergy for Forestry Extension Specialists. Southern Regional Extension Forestrys Unit Leaders Meeting in Athens, GA. February 25, 2015.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Boby, Leslie. Updates from the IBSS Bioenergy Project. Southern Group of State Foresters Services, Utilization and Marketing Committee, Louisville, KY. October 16, 2014.

Progress 08/01/13 to 07/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Policy makers, the scientific community at large, academia, national laboratories, federal and state agencies, private industry, public interest groups, the government sector, land-grant institutions, agricultural producers, forest products industry, bioenergy and biofuels industries, and additional stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The SEED Fellowship Program Over the first three years of the IBSS project, 15 undergraduate students have completed work as SEED Fellows. These students, who have come from very diverse backgrounds (including females, minorities, and native Americans), have conducted outstanding undergraduate research projects and presented their research results at international professional meetings. Their work has included extended periods of research at collaborators Rentech, Genera, and Idaho National Laboratories. Of the 15 SEED Fellows, two students are currently pursuing Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering at Auburn University, and two are pursuing M.S. degrees; one in Biosystems Engineering at Auburn University and one in the Center for Renewable Carbon at the University of Tennessee. The 3rd class of SEED Fellows has been established. This year’s class is much more diverse in their backgrounds, and will enable development of integrated team projects. The program will closely follow our year 1 and 2 curriculum and process. Highlights for the 2014 class will include short visits to Idaho National Lab, NREL, ORNL, UT Biomass Innovation Park, and the DOE National Carbon Capture Center. The 2014 SEED Fellows include: ·Alexus R. Brown is senior in Biosystems Engineering with Ecological Engineering option from Auburn University. She is a member of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) – Auburn University and American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). Alexus is working under the direction of Dr. Sam Jackson at Genera Energy, Vonore, Tennessee. Her research topic is biomass preprocessing and data analysis and bill of material development. ·Carson M. Edge is junior in Biosystems Engineering from Auburn University. He is a member of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) and Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. Carson is working under the direction of Dr. Jacob J. Jacobson at Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho. His research topic is biomass logistics modeling. ·Conyers J. Coupland is junior in Biosystems Engineering with minor in Nuclear Power Generation from Auburn University. He is a member of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Tau Beta Pi-Engineering Honor Society, and Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity. Conyers is working under the direction of Dr. Neil Yancy at Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho. His research topic is biomass preprocessing and energy consumption. ·Mary C. Rubisch is Junior in Biosystems Engineering from Auburn University. She is a member of the Alpha Epsilon Agricultural and Biological Engineering honor society and American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). Mary is working under the direction of Dr. Sam Jackson at Genera Energy, Vonore, Tennessee. Her research topic is to develop and/or update standard operating procedure documents related to storm water control/runoff prevention and planning. Procurement Specialist – IBSS is continuing to develop products such as the Certified Biomass Professionals courses to help train a qualified work force equipped to support the biofuels industry. The outcome of these courses will be an increased awareness and understanding of biomass and biofuels as economical and sustainable energy sources and the needs of the biorefineries with respect to feedstock supply, cost, and quality. The initial course, Certified Biomass Procurement Specialist – Switchgrass, is now available through eXtension outlets. It is an 8-hour course designed for technicians working for refineries and students needing base knowledge of bioenergy production and harvest techniques. A second course on short-rotation hardwood production is currently under development with a completion date scheduled for mid-Year 4. New Educational Content - With support from IBSS, the team has developed new classes at each of the respective Universities. These courses, which are taught to students in various agriculture, forestry, and engineering disciplines include topics such as bioenergy and bioproducts engineering, biomass and biofuels, bulk solids handling, biomass processing chemistry and bioenergy, and environmental life cycle assessment. For example, NCSU has developed two new classes, both of which are now part of an ABET accredited engineering program. These classes are PSE 425 Bioenergy and Bioproducts Engineering, and PSE 476 Environmental Life Cycle Analysis. Both are being developed as distance education courses. Over the past three years PSE 425 has been taught to 10/18/17 students, while PSE 476 has been taught to for the past two years with enrollments of 13 and 18 students. Auburn has developed BSEN 5260/6260 Renewable Energy in Biosystems Process Operations; BSEN 5540/6540 Biomass and Biofuels; BSEN 7240 Bulk Solids Handling; FOPR 5050/6050 Biomass Processing Chemistry and Bioenergy; and FOPR 7970 Chemometrics for Natural Resources. K-12 Classroom Education - The UT conversion team has created an education module that pertains to the use of biochar as a soil amendment. In this module, students will use biochar in an effort to determine what affect it has on the growth of various types of seeds. Students will plant seeds in the presence and absence of biochar and monitor the growth of the plants for a period of time. Comparisons in crop yield will demonstrate the effects of biochar as a soil amendment. The module is designed to align with Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards. This module is suitable for middle and high school students. The team is currently working on a second education module that pertains to the construction of an inverted updraft biomass gasifier using soup cans. This gasifier will allow small amounts of biomass to be gasified, which will be used to demonstrate the principles of biomass gasification. As an added benefit, the gasifier will also produce a modest amount of biochar; this biochar can be used in our current module that pertains to the use of biochar as a soil amendment. We plan to design the module to align with Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards (as is the case with our previous module). We suspect this module will be suitable for high school or advanced middle school students with appropriate supervision. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Public Demonstration of IBSS Diesel - Diesel Splash Tour of the Southeast U.S. - The IBSS team completed a highly successful public tour through three southeastern states in September and October 2013. The tour highlighted the use of IBSS-produced synthetic diesel fuel in Auburn’s mobile biomass gasification laboratory. The mobile lab is towed by a Ford F-650, which was powered by green diesel produced through the IBSS-Rentech collaboration. The tour made stops at the McWane Science Center in Birmingham, AL; Oak Ridge Museum of Science and Energy; University of Tennessee Ag Day; University of Georgia; and Auburn University’s Ag Roundup. Over two thousand people were able to learn about biomass gasification and the production of green diesel fuel. Communities of Practice - IBSS continues to conduct monthly meetings with extension teams from other NIFA funded bioenergy projects to discuss materials for eXtension websites as well as share information about successful and unsuccessful outreach efforts. The outcome of these meetings is enhanced communication with other NIFA Funded Bioenergy projects to minimize duplication, share ideas and equally promote eXtension and the three relevant communities of practice (Farm Energy, Wood Energy, Sustainable Bioenergy). The impact of these activities are that IBSS E20 continues to make efforts to engage with other bioenergy projects to populate these eXtension sites, as well as share ideas and materials. New IBSS’ Partnerships – Identifying and collaborating with key partners in the biofuels industry in the Southeast on projects, as well as sharing information and ideas will assist in development of relationships needed to move the southeastern biofuels industry forward. Collaborations with 25 x ’25 as well as the Southern Group of State Foresters, Services, Utilization and Marketing (SUM) Committee have led to additional project efforts such as development of economic data on southern forests and bioenergy, as well as development and promotion of a national bioenergy day. The outcome of this collaboration is strengthened relationships with state agencies, NGO’s, Industries, and others involved with the biofuel industry. Relationships among these different groups are necessary to link biomass producers to biofuels markets and to assist in development of those biofuels markets. Biofuels Academy - An online web glossary of bioenergy terms and biofuel conversion processes and equipment continues to expand under the IBSS efforts. The online content developed by Tuskegee University faculty contains a glossary of biofuel terms, web modules with a visual encyclopedia of conversion equipment, web modules on biofuel conversion systems, and animated video clips to explain conversion processes. The glossary can be found here: http://www.biofuelsacademy.org/index.php?p=1_2_Glossary. Extension Professionals – IBSS E2O team members have been working closely with farmers, landowners, loggers, conversion partners, and extension professionals to identify and overcome feedstock acquisition, harvest, transport, and processing barriers. E2O members and other extension professionals are working closely with industry partners and biomass producers to understand and demonstrate the feedstock quality needs of the industry and to help promote harvest and processing methods to achieve those quality and cost targets. Outreach Material - Fact sheets have been developed on production and sustainability features of the IBSS project. Through continued updates of the website, webinars, emails and technology transfer team activities, IBSS brings increased awareness and engagement by the agriculture and forestry community. These activities will result in a vastly more educated workforce, an interested farmer and landowner following and even community and economic developers who know where to go for current information on liquid biofuel production from forestry and agricultural sources. This educated workforce and landowner base will be able to undertake biomass to biofuel actions much more quickly than an uneducated audience. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Three years of work by the IBSS partnership has resulted in significant progress on addressing numerous problems that stand in the way of deploying a biofuel industry in the southeast U.S. The partnership has grown in size and impact by developing new collaborative relationships with industry partners like Rentech, KiOR and Greenwood Resources. While industry dynamics have given rise to operational and economic challenges for our biofuel partners, their contributions continue to be invaluable to our progress. The collaborative team of ArborGen and Greenwood Resources represents the greatest concentration of knowledge and experience on hybrid poplar in the U.S. Several major advances have occurred in genetics of switchgrass, pine, hybrid poplar, and eucalyptus; all of which are leading to higher yielding varieties, improved pathogen resistance, improved herbicide resistance, and improved physical and chemical properties better suited to thermochemical biofuel conversion processes. Logistics systems research has uncovered new knowledge about how to harvest, process, and transport biomass to reduce overall cost and improve conversion performance. Numerous findings on gasification and gas-to-liquids processes and pyrolysis type processes are now available to help companies like Rentech, KiOR, and LanzaTech overcome hurdles in their processes. Concomitant with the laboratory and field research, sustainability models are being used to develop metrics that fully document biofuel production system environmental impacts. Knowledge gained on the overall environmental impacts of the thermochemical biofuel production systems will help allay fears about the implementation of these fuel production options. Finally, there has been and continues to be steady growth in education, extension and outreach programs and products. These E2O products include the Certified Biomass Professionals courses, the online web glossary and encyclopedia for biomass and biofuels topics, series of webinars and seminars, university courses, eXtension content, Fact Sheets and bulletins. Moreover, the SEED Fellows program has been extremely successful at educating young professionals who are ready to enter the biofuel industry workforce or continue to conduct biorefining research in graduate school.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Multi-CAP, Multi-partner Large-Scale Hybrid Poplar Demonstration Planting - A new collaborative relationship between IBSS, Greenwood Resources, and the AHB CAP has resulted in the establishment of a 70-acre hybrid poplar plantation near Columbus, MS. Greenwood has established more than 23,000 acres of intensively managed poplar plantations in the Pacific Northwest, but this study represents what may be the largest short-rotation hybrid poplar plantation in the southern U.S. More importantly the plantation allows for additional research at near commercial scale on genetics, fertility, stand establishment, wildlife impacts, and biomass harvesting logistics. Four cottonwood varieties and five hybrid poplar varieties were planted this spring, with harvest planned for the winter of 2017. The costs, productivity and environmental metrics will be used to populate financial and LCA models that can measure the benefits of the poplar plantations in a SE landscape. This demonstration planting will also be used for community engagement and outreach. Collaboration with KiOR - KiOR, a new liquid fuel partner, signed on with the IBSS Partnership as an industry collaborator during Year 3. The biofuel company currently has their headquarters and pilot plant in Pasadena, TX and first production plant in Columbus, MS. The initial IBSS collaboration with KiOR has focused on providing information on chemical and physical properties of different species of woody biomass as well as switchgrass and wood-switchgrass blends; and, advising them on woody biomass logistics techniques such as transpirational drying. Enhanced Productivity in Switchgrass - Several fungal pathogens towards switchgrass seed, seedlings, and mature plants have been identified and characterized, and their pathogenicity has been confirmed. Disease symptoms include seed and root rot, leaf and stem lesions, and wilt. The main consequence is poor stand establishment, as seed are more vulnerable than established plants. Pathogens of switchgrass in the genus Fusarium include toxigenic fungi that also infect barley, corn, oats, rye, sorghum, and wheat. Diagnostic tools and disease management strategies for Fusarium and Bipolaris spp. (second most prevalent disease problem) are being developed. High Productivity Hardwoods - In addition to the four cottonwood varieties and five hybrid poplar varieties planted at the 70-acre demonstration site in MS, more than 50 other varieties and hybrids were also planted in a clonal trial at the same site. These same 50 varieties and hybrids were also planted in a parallel trial in NC. These clonal trials will be used to measure water and nutrient cycling and efficiency. A separate set of 3-7 year old Poplar and Eucalyptus trials have been harvested and used to measure above and below ground carbon. Water efficiency measurements are also being measured on these older stands. Importantly, this work is also coordinated with the multi-purpose trials in Tennessee and Alabama that are entering their third growth season. High Productivity Pine - In the first three years, we have sampled more than 200 pine trees, and evaluated their chemical properties and reactivity for both pyrolysis and gasification. This work has shown that the reactivity for the commercial lines are all similar, thus we can focus on density and growth volume features that will impact economic feasibility. Our results show that selection of fast-growing loblolly pine families with high wood density, compared to commercial loblolly pine families that have been planted throughout the South, can increase biomass yield by 30% to 50%. These estimates are for 8-year-old loblolly pine stands that could be harvested or thinned for biomass. Given that the area of pine plantations established annually in the southeastern U.S. ranges from 300,000 to 400,000 ha, the increased growth rate would yield over 25 million oven-dry metric tons of biomass/year within eight years, which could produce 1.5 billion gallons of biofuel from the current land base. Biomass Quality Upgrading - One of the concerns brought to IBSS by both KiOR and Rentech is the ash content in biomass. The IBSS team has initiated parametric studies of blended feedstock to understand the effect of inorganics on gasification performance, syngas composition, bio-oil quality, and char reactivity. The conversion team has conducted tests on different mechanical methods of screening and sorting to reduce ash content in whole-tree pine and hardwood chips. Through relatively simple methods of vibratory screening, their initial results have shown that ash contents can be reduced by as much as 0.5% in whole-tree chips. Conversion Technology - Both KiOR and Rentech have emphasized the detrimental effects of ash on product yield and catalyst lifetime, characterizing the issue as a major challenge to commercial implementation. The conversion team has been investigating the upgrading of pyrolysis vapor with alternative catalysts to prevent their degradation/contamination during processing. Despite the suggestion that basic catalysts should be investigated to meet the challenges of producing high-quality bio-oil from the pyrolysis of whole biomass, research has emphasized acidic zeolites and mesoporous materials. We have studied the performance of new basic catalyst materials synthesized from layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors on the composition of biomass pyrolysis vapors using pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS). Integration and Application of Sustainability Models and Metrics - Supply chain modeling of costs and energy flows has been conducted for all the IBSS feedstock systems. Logistics paths for switchgrass with costs estimated were modeled for several scenarios (e.g., round bale, stored on farm; square bale, stored on farm; field chop and haul to preprocessing facility). Pathways were also developed for pine that considered chip at harvest site, chip at landing, and size reduction at a central facility. Cost estimates and carbon emission estimates are underway. Using IMPLAN and County Business Pattern data, the distribution of business establishments and employment making up the value chains for advanced biofuels (based on switchgrass) has been analyzed using industry concentration measures and spatial analyses. Including this information in the Tennessee site locator models has little impact on industry costs or feedstock supply. However, the regional economic impacts may be greater when the site locator model is constrained using employment/business establishment concentration indices, suggesting that the denser local economic connections are, the more amplified multiplier effects will be. Thus, higher industry costs may be offset by the regional economic impacts to employment income, value added, and total industry output. Process and Life Cycle Modeling - The results from the separate supply chain, engineering process and life cycle modeling efforts have been fully integrated and used to identify specific steps that can help reduce costs, GHG and other environmental emissions. Essentially each of the models can be used separately, but they are most effective when completely integrated. Using modified supply chain models, the ASPEN gasification models, and LCA models, the cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for biomass feedstock production were calculated and financial analysis was conducted to determine the delivered cost per bone-dry metric ton. For these initial comparisons assumptions regarding the covered area, biomass composition (other than ash content), energy and mass density, biorefinery scale, truck transport size and other pertinent assumptions were held constant so as to more accurately identify the sensitivity of delivery cost and environmental impact to documented variation in moisture content, ash and biofuel yield.

Publications

Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sadhwani, N., Eden, M.R., Adhikari, S. 2013. Chemistry and Process Modeling of Biomass Gasification using Carbon Dioxide, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Reeb, C.W., Daystar J.S., Gonzalez R., Venditti R.A., Treasure T., Kelley S. 2013. Life Cycle Assessment, Financial Analysis, and Supply Chain Logistics for Bioenergy Options in the Southeast, NC State University Graduate Research Symposium, September 19, 2013, Raleigh, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sadhwani N., Eden M.R., Adhikari S. 2014. Biomass Gasification by Carbon Dioxide: Chemistry and Process Modeling, Alabama EPSCoR Annual Meeting, Montgomery, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Seiden Z.T., Schwartz J.S. 2014. Comparison of Modeled Runoff Water Quality from Bioenergy Crop Land Conversions of Switchgrass and Short-rotation Pine in the Southeast Region, USA. 3th Annual UTK Watershed Symposium, Feb. 18, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Seiden Z.T., Schwartz J.S. 2014. Comparison of Modeled Runoff Water Quality from Bioenergy Crop Land Conversions of Switchgrass and Short-rotation Pine in the Southeast Region, USA. 34th Annual AGU Hydrology Days, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, March 24-26, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sadhwani N., Liu Z., Eden M.R., Adhikari S. 2013. Simulation, Analysis and Assessment of CO2 Enhanced Biomass Gasification, 23rd European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE-23), Lappeenranta, Finland.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sadhwani, N., Eden, M.R., Adhikari, S. 2013. Biomass Gasification using Carbon Dioxide: Chemistry and Process Modeling, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Venditti, R., Reeb C.W., Daystar J.S., Kelley S., Gonzalez R. 2013. Cradle to Grave Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Biochemical and Thermochemical Cellulosic Ethanol Pathways versus Gasoline, Annual Conference of the American Center of Life Cycle Assessment, October 1-3, 2013, Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wang, Z., Yu T.E., English B.C., Larson J.A. Optimizing the Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Switchgrass Supply System to Biorefineries: A Case Study of Tennessee, Selected poster at 2013 Agricultural and Applied Economic Association (AAEA) annual meeting, Washington, DC. August 4-6, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yu, T.E., English B.C., Larson J.A. Evaluating the Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Supplying a Dedicated Energy Crop: A GIS-based Multi-objective Optimization Analysis. Selected poster at Biomass 2013. Washington DC. July 31-August 1, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yu, T.E., Wang Z., English, B.C., Larson J.A. Estimating the Cost of a Biomass Feedstock Supply Chain Using GIS Data. Selected presentation at the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN. October 6-9, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yu, T.E., Lambert D.M., Fu J.S., Calcagno J.S. Spatial Analysis of County Inventories of On-road Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Southeast United States. Presentation at the 60th North American Regional Science Council (NARSC) annual meeting, Atlanta, GA. November 13-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yu, T.E. Designing a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply System to Biorefineries in Tennessee, Invited symposium presentation at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA) annual meeting, Dallas, TX. February 1-4, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lambert, D.M., B. Wilson, R.J. Menard, K.L. Jensen, B.C. English. 2014. Optimal Location of Cellulosic Biofuel Facilities and their Impact on Employment in the Southeast Region. In in the Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AAIC-AFRI) Conference, New Crops, Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Sustainability, Washington, D.C., October 13-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Abdoulmoumine N., Kulkarni A., Adhikari S. 2013. Effect of gasification temperature and equivalence ratio on pine gasification primary gases and contaminants, TC Biomass 2013, September 3-6, Chicago, IL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Acado S., Chmely S.C., Labbe N., Pyoungchung K., Bhattacharya P. Catalytic Vapor-Phase Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oil Vapors, Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Related Sciences 29th Annual Career Fair and Training Conference, March 27-29, 2014, Birmingham, AL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bozell J. Integrating separation and conversion catalytic oxidation of lignin models and organosolv lignin to high value aromatics, Presented at the USP Conference on Synthetic Biology for Biomass and Biofuels Production, University of S�o Paulo, S�o Paulo, Brazil, August 21st, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bozell J., Maraun H., Astner A., Rials T. Solvent Fractionation as a Pretreatment for Energy Crops, 2013 AAIC meeting, Washington, DC, October 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Elder, T., Labb� N., Kim P. Low-field time domain NMR of biochar. 246th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Indianapolis, IN September 8-12, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kim P., Labb� N., Noh K. Fractionation of bio-oil vapors by multi stage condensers, 247th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Dallas, TX March 16-20, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kulkarni A., Abdoulmoumine N., Adhikari S., Bhavnani S. 2013. Pine, switchgrass and torrefied pine gasification in a bench scale fluidized bed gasifier presented at TCBiomass 2013, September 3-6, Chicago, IL. (Poster)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Meng J. Study on the aging mechanism of pyrolysis bio-oil, 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 3-8, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Meng J. The Nature of Torrefaction Effect on Producing High-Quality Fuel Intermediate via Fast Pyrolysis, 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 3-8, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Park S. The effect of feedstock torrefaction on the quality of pyrolysis bio-oil, TC Biomass 2013, Chicago, IL, September 3-6, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Park S. The impact of various feedstocks on biomass gasification evaluated by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry, 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 3-8, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ren X. Effect of various species of woody biomass on bio-oil properties and its correlations, 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 3-8, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Tu M., M. L., C. L. 2013. The remarkable role of extractable lignin in enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv pretreated biomass, AIChE Annual Meeting, November 3-8, oral presentation, San Francisco, CA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Roberts C.B., Duggan J.N. 2014. Controlling the crystallinity, morphology and magnetic properties of Cobalt nanoparticles using progressive thermal treatment methods, ACS Spring National Meeting, Dallas, TX (invited presentation in Murphree Symposium in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry division).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Roe D., Zhang S., Roberts C. Production of Middle Distillate Range Liquid Fuels From Syngas Using Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Associated Upgrading Technology Under Supercritical Phase Conditions and Multiple Reactor Configurations, 2013 AICHE Spring Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Stewart C., Xu R., Zhang S., Roe D., Roberts C. Effect of Supercritical Hexanes Reaction Medium and H2/CO Molar Ratio on the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from Syngas over a K-Promoted Cu-Co-Zn Catalyst, 2013 AIChE Spring Meeting, San Antonio, TX.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Xiao L. The effects of biomass feedstocks on syngas composition and tars evaluated by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry, TC Biomass 2013, Chicago, IL, September 3-6, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Xu, R., Roberts, C.B. 2013. Investigating the Effect of Mass Transfer in Supercritical Phase Higher Alcohol Synthesis over Cu-Co based Catalyst, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, November 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S., Radics, R. and Morris, P. 2013. Societal Motivations and Barriers in Bioenergy. Southeast Bioenergy Working Group, (October 4, 2013), Raleigh, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dasmohapatra, S., Kelley, S., Radics, R. and Morris, P. 2013. Societal Motivations and Barriers in Bioenergy. Southern Regional Extension Forestry, and Texas A&M Agrilife Extension, (December 11, 2013), Raleigh, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kelley, S., Dasmohapatra, S., Radics, R. and Morris, P. 2013. Stakeholder Perceptions of Bioenergy in The SE US, Presentation (poster) at the Association for Advancement of Industrial Crops 25th Anniversary Meeting, (October 12-16 2013), Washington D.C.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Morris, P., Dasmohapatra, S. and Kelley S. 2014. Forest and Farm Landowners Perceptions and Knowledge about Bioenergy Industry, Presentation (poster) at the Graduate Student Research Symposium, (March 26), NC State University, Raleigh, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Radics, R., Dasmohapatra, S. and Kelley S. 2014. Consumer Perceptions about Bioenergy and Biofuels for Transportation in NC and TN, Presentation (poster) at the Graduate Student Research Symposium, (March 26), NC State University, Raleigh, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lynch, S., Smidt, M.F., Sesek R. 2013. Incidence of MSDs and neck and back pain among logging machine operators in the southern U.S.A Paper, presentation FORMEC 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lynch, S., Smidt, M.F., Sesek R. 2013. Analysis of survey data on logging machine operators in the southeastern US, Poster SE ASSE meeting.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Boby, L. IBSS Updates (Bioenergy and Sothern Forestry), Southern Group of State Foresters Services, Utilization and Marketing (SUM) Committee meeting. Louisville, KY, October 16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Boby, L. Bioenergy and Forestry in the South, Next Steps, Southern Regional Extension Forestry Unit Leaders Meeting, Athens, GA, February 27, 2014.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cser, H. Current & Emerging Bioenergy Markets. 4-H Biofuels Pilot Field Test Workshop, NC Cooperation Extension. Raleigh, NC. October 23, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. and R. Bardon. Transitioning from the Bucket to the Barrel Educational Biofuels Webinar Series. International Biomass Conference & Expo. Orange County Convention Center. Orlando, FL. March. 24-25, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Knight, J. An online biomass resource atlas for preliminary facility siting and resource analysis in North Carolina. SOFOR GIS Conference. Atlanta, GA. December 9, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Osborne, N., Hazel D. Bardon R. Estimating DWM Using a Simple Prism Procedure. Forest Guild Southeast Regional Meeting. Yanceyville, NC. Sep 20-21, 2013.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Baxter, H.L., Stewart Jr., C.N. 2013. Effects of altered lignin biosynthesis on phenylpropanoid metabolism and plant stress. Biofuels 4:635-650.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Aspinwall, M.J., J.S. King, and S.E. McKeand. 2013. Productivity differences among loblolly pine genotypes are independent of individual-tree biomass partitioning and growth efficiency. Trees 27:533545.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: McKeand, S., J.B. Jett, Tom Byram. 2014. Good wood. Forest Landowners. 73(2):14-19.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Isik, F. 2014. Genomic Selection in Forest Trees: Prospects and Challenges. New Forests, DOI 10.1007/s11056-014-9422-z.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jiang, W., Via, B.K., Han, G., Wang, Q., Liu, S. 2013. Near Infrared monitoring of untreated and chemically delignified wood. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. 21:485-493.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Nelson, C.D., G.F. Peter, S.E. McKeand, E.J. Jokela, R.B. Rummer, L.H. Groom, and K.H. Johnsen. 2013. Pines. P. 427-459, In: B.P. Singh (ed.). Biofuel Crops: Production, Physiology and Genetics, Chapter 20. CABI Wallingford, UK.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xiong, S.J., S.E. McKeand, R.W. Whetten, and F.T. Isik. 2014. Genetics of stem forking and ramicorn branches in a cloned loblolly pine family. For. Sci. online at http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/forsci.12-018.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zapata-Valenzuela, J., F. Ogut, A. Kegley, W.P. Cumbie, F. Isik, B. Li, and S.E. McKeand. 2014. Seedling evaluation of Atlantic Coastal and Piedmont sources of Pinus taeda L. and their hybrids for cold hardiness. For. Sci. (in press).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Carter C.L., Abdoulmoumine, N., Kulkarni, A., Adhikari, S. and Fasina. O. 2013. Physicochemical properties of thermally treated biomass and energy requirement for torrefaction. Trans. ASABE 56: 1093-1100.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Herriott, David Lee. 2013. Development of an automated planter for sweet potato slips. Auburn University M.S. Thesis.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hehar, G., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S. and Fulton, J. 2014. Heating and volatilization behavior of dusts from loblolly pine wood. Fuel Processing Technology- Accepted for publication.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jernigan, P.; Gallagher, T.; Aulakh, J.; Tufts, R.; McDonald, T. 2013. Implementing residue chippers on harvesting operations in the southeastern US for biomass recovery. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 24(2):129-136.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: McDonald, T.P.; Haridass, K.; Valenzuela, J.; Gallagher, T.V.; Smidt, M.F. 2013. Savings in distance from optimization of coordinated trucking. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 24(1):31-41.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wadkins, J., Shrestha, A., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S. and Taylor, S. 2013. Frictional properties of ground loblolly pine chips. Auburn University Journal of Undergraduate Research (AUJUS), 2: 26-31.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Daystar, J., R. Venditti, R. Gonzalez, H. Jameel, M. Jett, and C.W. Reeb. 2013. Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: A Life Cycle Assessment of the Thermochemical Conversion Pathway, BioResources 8(4): 5261-5278.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Daystar, J., R. Gonzalez, C. W. Reeb, T. Treasure, R. Venditti, R. Abt, and S. Kelley. 2014. Integrated Supply Chain, Delivered Cost and Life Cycle Assessment of Several Lignocellulosic Supply Systems for Biofuels, Bioenergy and Bioproducts in the Southern U.S., BioResources. 9(1): 393-444.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: English, B.C., Z. Wang, T.E. Yu and J.A. Larson. 2013. Optimization of Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply System to Biorefineries in Tennessee, USAEE Dialogue. 21(3).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hayes, JA, Schwartz JS, Yoder D. (2014). Curve Numbers for Switchgrass Land Cover in East Tennessee. ASCE Journal of Irrigation and Drainage.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Hayes, JA, Schwartz JS, Yoder D. (2014). Erosion Crop Management Factor and Nutrient Export for Switchgrass Land Cover in East Tennessee. Transaction of the ASABE.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Liu Z., Eden M.R. 2014. Biorefinery Principles, Analysis and Design, invited chapter in Sustainable Bioenergy Production, L. Wang, Ed., CRC Press, ISBN 1466505524, chapter 22, pp. 453-481.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Lixia He, Burton C. English, Daniel De La Torre Ugarte, and Donald G. Hodges. (2014). "Woody Biomass Potential for Energy Feedstock in United States." Journal of Forest Economics. DOI information: 10.1016/j.jfe.2014.04.002
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Seiden ZT, Baskaran L., Schwartz JS, Dale VH, Rials TG, and Parish ES. (2014). Comparison of Modeled Runoff Water Quality from Bioenergy Crop Land Conversions of Switchgrass and Short-rotation Pine in the Southeast Region, USA, Submitted to Biomass & Bioenergy.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wang, Z., T.E. Yu, J.A. Larson and B.C. English. 2013. Greenhouse Gas Emission of an Economically Optimized Switchgrass Supply Chain for Biofuel Production: A Case Study in Tennessee, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics. 45:57.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Yu, T.E., Z. Wang, B.C. English and J.A. Larson. 2014. Designing a Dedicated Energy Crop Supply System in Tennessee: A Multi-objective Optimization Analysis, Journal of Applied and Agricultural Economics, conditionally accepted.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Durham E., Xu R., Zhang S., Eden M.R., Roberts C.B. (2013): Supercritical Adiabatic Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 52(9).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xu, R.; Zhang, S.; Stewart, C.; Durham, E.; Eden, M.R.; Roberts, C.B. (2014): Effect of Reaction Conditions on Supercritical Hexanes Mediated Higher Alcohol Synthesis over a Cu-Co-Zn Catalyst, AIChE Journal, 60(5), pp. 1786-1796.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Duggan, J. N.; Bozack, M.J.; Roberts, C.B. (2013): The synthesis and arrested oxidation of amorphous cobalt nanoparticles using DMSO as a functional solvent, Journal of Nanoparticle Research 15(11).
Type: Book Chapters Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sushil Adhikari and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine. Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis. In Handbook of Clean Energy Systems. Edited by Jinyue Yan. Wiley Series. (Book Chapter)
Type: Book Chapters Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sushil Adhikari and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine. Biomass Gasification. In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Yebo Li and Samir Khanal. Wiley Series. (Book Chapter)
Type: Book Chapters Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sushil Adhikari, Avanti Kulkarni and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine. Biomass Combustion. In Bioenergy: Principles and Applications. Edited by Yebo Li and Samir Khanal. Wiley Series. (Book Chapter)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Nourredine Abdoulmoumine, Avanti Kulkarni and Sushil Adhikari. Effect of temperature and equivalence ratio on pine syngas primary gases and contaminants in a bench-scale fluidized bed gasifier. Industrial Engineering Research and Chemistry, 2014, 53 (14), 57675777.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Chad Carter, Nourredine Abdoulmoumine, Avanti Kulkarni and Sushil Adhikari. Physicochemical Properties of Thermally Treated Biomass and Energy Requirement for Torrefaction. Transactions of the ASABE, 2013, 56 (3), 1093-1100.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: C. Lai, M. Tu, Z. Shi, K. Zheng, L. Olmos, S. Yu (2014) Contrasting effects of hardwood and softwood organosolv lignins on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Bioresource Technology, DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.065.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: C. Lai, M. Tu, M. Li, S. Yu (2014) Remarkable solvent and extractable lignin effects on enzymatic digestibility of organosolv pretreated hardwood. Bioresource Technology, 156:92-99.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Wei, N.; Via, B. K.; Wang, Y.; McDonald, T.;Auad, M.L. 2014. Liquefaction and substitution of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) based bio-oil into epoxy resins. Industrial Crops and Products. 57:116-123.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: S. C. Chmely, N. Labb�, P. Das; Biochar as a soil amendment, Education Module. In this module, students will use biochar to amend low-quality soil and compare the growth rates of common plants in the presence and absence of biochar. The module was purposefully designed to align with a number of Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards and is suitable for use in a middle school (grades 6-8) classroom. Contents of the education module are available on the IBSS website.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kline, L. M., A. M. Johnson, P. Kim, S. W. Jackson, and N. Labb�. 2013. Monitoring switchgrass composition to optimize harvesting periods for bioenergy and value-added products. Biomass and Bioenergy, 56, 29-37.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Durham, E.; Stewart, C.; Roe, D.; Xu, R.; Zhang, S.; Roberts, C.B.; (2013): Heavy Aldehydes via Supercritical Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: The Role of Process Conditions, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (in revision).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Zhang, S.; Xu, R.; Durham, E.; Roberts, C.B. (2013): Middle Distillates Production via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis with Integrated Upgrading under Supercritical Conditions, AIChE Journal (revision submitted)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Duggan J.N., Roberts C.B. (2014). Clustering and solvation of Cobalt nanostructures in DMSO, IE&C Research (in revision)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Anton F. Astner, Timothy M. Young, Joseph J. Bozell, Taguchi Robust Product Design for Lignin Yield Maximization in Organosolv Fractionation of Mixed Biorefinery Feedstocks, Qual. Eng. 2014. (submitted)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ren, X., Meng, J., Moore, A.M., Chang, J., Gou, J., Park, S. 2014. Thermogravimetric investigation on the degradation properties and combustion performance of bio-oils. Bioresource Technology 152: 267-274.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Meng, J. Moore, A. Tilotta, D., Kelley, S., Park, S. Towards Understanding of Bio-oil Aging: Accelerated Aging of Bio-oil Fractions. (submitted)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Meng, J., Smirnova, T., Song, X., Moore, A., Ren, X., Kelley, S., Parka, S., Tilotta, D. Identification of Free Radicals in Pyrolysis Oil and Their Impact on Bio-oil Stability. (submitted)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Park, J., Lim, K.H., Rojas, O.J., Hubbe, M.A., Park, S. Effect of atmospheric oxygen during the pyrolytic treatment of woody biomass on the evolution of aromatic carbon structure. (submitted)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Meng, J., Park, J., Tilotta, D., Kelley, S., Park, S. Integrating torrefaction pretreatment into biomass fast pyrolysis: perspectives and challenges. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xiao, L., Sykes, R., Evans, R., Park, S., Jameel, H., Kelley, S. Impact of torrefaction on chemical composition of biomass by conventional fuel analysis, NIR, and pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry with multivariate analysis. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Meng, J., Moore, A., Tilotta, D., Kelley, S., Park, S. Torrefaction effect on the thermal and storage stability of pyrolysis oil. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Moore, A., Meng, J., Tilotta, D., Venditti, R., Park, S. Effect of crystallinity and degree of polymerization on the fast pyrolysis decomposition products of cellulose. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xiao, L., Park, S., Jameel, H., Kelley, S. Weight and carbon loss kinetics in wood torrefaction. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Xiao, L., Sykes, R., Davis, M., Park, S., Jameel, H., Kelley, S. Product distribution and composition of two stage steam gasification of biomass simulated by tube furnace. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gwak, K., Xiao, L., Santos, R.B., Kelley, S.S., Jameel, H., Park, S. Thermal degradation profiling and characterization of different hardwood species during pyrolysis by pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gwak, K., Xiao, L., Santos, R.B., Kelley, S.S., Jameel, H., Park, S. Tar estimation of different hardwoods and comparison of thermal degradation by pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gwak, K., Xiao, L., Kelley, S.S., Jameel, H., Park, S. Characterization of different clones of loblolly pine and time resolving analysis of thermal degradation by py-MBMS and multivariate analysis. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ren, X., Sen, S., Chang, J., Kelley, S., Jameel, H., Park, S. Effect of blending ratio of pine wood and bark on the properties of pyrolysis bio-oils. (in preparation)
Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ren, X., Gwak, K., Sen, S., Chang, J., Jameel, H., Park, S. The impacts of feedstock composition on biomass pyrolysis reactivity for bio-oil production. (in preparation)
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jensen, K.L., R. J. Menard, and B. C. English, Market Analysis for Fischer-Tropsch Waxes, Integrated Biomass Supply System, Knoxville, TN., Feb. 2013. Available at http://beag.ag.utk.edu/pub/WaxFinal.pdf
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Morris, P., Dasmohapatra, S. and Kelley, S. 2014. Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners Perceptions of Biomass and Bioenergy in NC. Submitted to Bioresources Journal.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Morris, P., Dasmohapatra, S. and Kelley, S. 2014. North Carolina Farm Landowners Perception about Biomass and Bioenergy. Submitted to Bioresources Journal.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lynch, Smidt, and Sesek. 2013. MSDs and Pain in logging equipment operators. Technical Release Forest Resources Association 13-R-28
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Lynch, Smidt, Merrill, and Sesek. 2013. Incidence of MSDs and Neck and Back Pain Among Logging Machine Operators in the Southern U.S Manuscript submitted to J Ag Safety and Health
Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bardon, R. and D. Hazel. Wood Energy: Understanding the Forest Connection. A Regional Peer Reviewed Factsheet of Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems. Athens, GA. 5 p. 2014 (In Review).
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cser, H. Are Biomass Energy Markets In Your Future? National Woodlands, 10-12. Winter 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: He Q.P., Zhang R., Wang J., Armstead III F., Walburn R., Taylor J.L., Johnson D.R., (2013) A Modular Approach of Integrating Biofuel Education into Chemical Engineering Curriculum, Proceedings of the 2013 ASEE annual conference.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: He Q.P., Wang J., Walburn R., Johnson D.R., (2013) Education On Biofuels Technology In Chemical Engineering, Proceedings of Hawaii University International Conferences On Education & Technology.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Under Review Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hubbard, W. and others, Book Chapter. Wood Bioenergy Chapter, of Biomass to Biofuels edited by A. Dahiya. Currently in Review.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Osborne, N., R. Bardon, and D. Hazel. 2013. Rapidly sampling of scattered and piled forest harvest residue: A biomass energy feedstock and important environmental component. A Regional Peer Reviewed Factsheet of Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems. Athens, GA. 9 p. Available at http://www.se-ibss.org/documents/publications/rapid-sampling-of-scattered-and-piled-forest-harvest-residue.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Wadkins, J. (SEED Fellow), A. Shrestha, O. Fasina, S. Adhikari, and S. Taylor. Frictional properties of ground loblolly pine chips. Auburn University Journal of Undergraduate Research (AUJUS), 2: 26-31. 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Alexander, L., Hybridization of Downregulated-COMT Transgenic Lines and Field Selected Switchgrass for Improved Biomass Traits, USDA Switchgrass II conference, Madison, WI, September 10-12, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Acquah, G.E., Via, B., Eckhardt, L.G. 2014. Screening loblolly pine families for wood chemistry. The 33rd meeting of the southwide forest disease workshop on Jan. 15, 2014 in Andalusia, Alabama.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cunningham, M., Feedstock Development Progress Reports, AAIC Meeting, Washington, DC, October 12-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Gulledge, E., Development of Herbicide Resistant Poplars, AAIC Meeting, Washington, DC, October 12-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B.K., Eckhardt, L. 2013. Screening Loblolly Pine Families for Chemistry and Stiffness, Forest Health Cooperative Advisory Board Meeting.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B.K., Fasina, O. 2013. Rapid prediction of the thermochemical properties of forest fuels using near infrared spectroscopy. Workshop on Energy, Transportation, and Water Infrastructure: Policy and Social Perspectives on July 17-19, 2013 in Ames, Iowa, USA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Acquah, G., Via, B.K., Fasina, O. 2013. Rapid characterization of forest logging residues using Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Forest Products Society 67th International Convention, Austin, TX.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Isik, F., Realized genomic relationship matrices and genomic BLUP, at the Genomic Based Breeding in Forest Trees Workshop, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Isik, F., presentation at the Annual Meeting of the ProConGen Project: Promoting a functional and comparative understanding of the conifer genome, University of Alcal�, Madrid, Spain, February, 17-19, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jiang, W., Via, B.K., Han, G. 2013. Improvement of precision and application range of lignin near infrared model, American Chemical Society, New Orleans, La.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Ownley, B., S. Collins, and M. Dee. Effect of Fusarium species isolated from switchgrass plants and seeds on foliar disease and stand establishment, Joint meeting of the American Phytopathological Society and the Canadian Phytopathological Society, Minneapolis, MN, August 9-13, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: McKeand, S., Regional Impact of Southern Pine Tree Improvement Programs: On the Threshold of the 4th Breeding Cycle, Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative Meeting, Coeur D'Alene, ID, March 5, 2014.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Via, B.K. 2013. Keynote Speaker: Chemometric modeling of biomass for chemistry and dependent properties prior to fiber manufacture, Taishan Academic Forum at Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Via, B.K., Eckhardt, L.G., Acquah, G.E. 2014. Genetic selection of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with near infrared spectroscopy for combined disease resistance and forest products, The 33rd meeting of the southwide forest disease workshop on Jan. 15, 2014 in Andalusia, Alabama.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wang, Q., McDonald, T., Via, B.K. 2013. Rapid Prediction of Wood Chemical Composition and Energy Traits Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy, Forest Products Society 67th International Convention, Austin, TX.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: De Souza, D.P.L. T. Gallagher, D. Mitchell, M. Smidt, T. McDonald, J. Wright. 2013. Determining the impact of felling method and season of year on coppice regeneration, Mid-Atlantic Logging and Biomass Exposition. Smithfield, North Carolina.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Fasina, O., Oginni, O., Wadkins, J., Taylor, S., Adhikari, S. and Fulton, J. 2013. Impact of biomass characteristics on logistics, AAIC Conference, Washington DC, October 13-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Hehar, G., Fasina, O., Adhikari, S and Fulton, J. 2013. Properties of dust from loblolly pine, ASABE Annual Presentation, Dallas, TX. July 29-August 1, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: McDonald, T., Pan, P., Wang, Q., Fulton, J., Fasina, O., Taylor, S. 2014. Real-time measurement of biomass properties using infrared reectance and capacitive sensors, Precision Forestry Symposium, Stellenbosch, South Africa: 3-5 March.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cavasos, K., Clark C.D., English B.C., Wilson, Lambert D.M. 2014. Cellulosic Biofuel Facility Locations: Impacts on Surface Water Quality in the Southeastern United States. Poster Presented at the 2014 Watershed Symposium, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Eden M.R., Roberts C.B., Taylor S.E. 2013. Production of Transportation Fuels and High Value Co-Products from Biomass via Thermochemical Conversion and Gas-To-Liquids (GTL) Technologies, Invited Lecture, 9th World Congress of Chemical Engineering (WCCE-9), Seoul, South Korea.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: He L., English B.C., Menard R.J. 2013. Harvesting Woody Biomass as Bioenergy Feedstock and Its Impact on Regional Economies in the Southeastern U.S. 60th Annual North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International. Atlanta, GA, November 13-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Eden M.R. 2013. Transportation Fuels and High Value Co-Products from Biomass via Thermochemical Conversion and Gas-To-Liquids (GTL) Technologies, Invited Keynote Lecture, 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Chemical Product and Process Engineering (SCPPE), Dalian, China.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: English, B.C., Menard R.J., Wilson B., Yu T.E., Jensen K.L., Clark C.D., Fu J., Lambert D.M. 2013. Optimal Location of Cellulosic Biofuel Facilities and their Impact on Employment in the Southeast Region. Presented at the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops-Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AAIC-AFRI) Conference, New Crops, Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Sustainability Washington, D.C., October 13-16, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: McKeand, S., R. Whetten. Southern Pine Tree Improvement Cooperative Breeding Programs, USDA Plant Breeding Listening Session, Washington, DC August 15, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Parish E.S., Dale, V.H. 2014. Designing Bioenergy Cropping Systems to Optimize Sustainability Objectives, USA. 3th Annual UTK Watershed Symposium, Feb. 18, 2014.

Progress 08/01/12 to 07/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Policy makers, the scientific community at large, academia, national laboratories, federal and state agencies, private industry, public interest groups, the government sector, land-grant institutions, agricultural producers, forest products industry, bioenergy and biofuels industries, and additional stakeholders Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The SEED Fellowship Program was successfully piloted in 2012 with five students from Tuskegee University and Auburn University and the second class of fellows is underway with students from the University of Tennessee, North Carolina State University, and Auburn University. The 2nd class of SEED Fellows has been established. This year’s class is much more diverse in their backgrounds, and will enable development of integrated team projects. The program will closely follow our year 1 curriculum and process, although we anticipate engagement with KiOR at their Columbus MS facility as a primary training site. Highlights for the 2013 class will include short visits to Idaho National Lab, NREL, ORNL, UT Biomass Innovation Park, and the DOE National Carbon Capture Center. The 2013 SEED Fellows include: Ryan McGhee, Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University Evan Betterton, Natural Resource and Environmental Economics, University of Tennessee Chet Greer, Environmental Soil Science, University of Tennessee Jeffrey Liu, Chemical Engineering, Auburn University Daniel Venditti, Forest Materials, NC State Sam Carter, Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University Procurement Specialist - Certified Biomass Procurement Specialist – Switchgrass is an 8-hour course designed for technicians working for refineries and students needing base knowledge of bioenergy production and harvest techniques. The material for the switchgrass component of the Certified Biomass Production Professional program has been compiled, and the program is in the final stages of video editing. The E2O team will keep in close contact with the Certified Biomass Professional graduates and will utilize the most effective tools to create an evaluation instrument to measure the impact of the course. It is expected that these graduates will also offer valuable feedback as the renewable fuel market continues to expand. Course content is summarized below. UNIT 1 Purpose of course and introduction – Mark Hall and Steve Taylor Renewable energy fundamentals – Steve Taylor Introduction to Switchgrass – Jennifer Johnson Test – Questions by Steve Taylor and Jennifer Johnson Site selection, soils, drainage, fertility, and varieties – Don Tyler Test – Questions by Don Tyler UNIT 2 Review – Mark Hall Selecting growers – Ken Goddard Contracts – Chris Clark Test – Questions by Ken Goddard and Chris Clark Systems of Production – Ken Goddard Switchgrass establishment considerations – Ken Goddard Test – Questions by Ken Goddard UNIT 3 Review – Mark Hall Drill calibration and seed placement – Jon Walton Test – Questions by Jon Walton Weed and Disease Control – Neal Rhodes Test – Questions by Neal Rhodes Harvesting – Jon Walton Test – Questions by Jon Walton UNIT 4 Lesson Overview – Mark Hall Precision Ag Technology – John Fulton Switchgrass Hay and Grazing – Pat Keyser Test – Questions by presenters Switchgrass storage, transportation, handling, grinding – Sam Jackson Processing, pretreatment, fermentation – Sam Jackson Test – Sam Jackson Close – Mark Hall – Certificate details How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Field Demonstrations - Numerous field demonstrations have been conducted to educate the public on the technologies involved in thermochemical conversion (particularly biomass gasification, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) to produce diesel, gasoline, and aviation fuels. These field demonstrations will be conducted using Auburn University’s mobile biomass gasification laboratory. At least six field demonstrations per year will be held in the coming year. In 2012, 15 days of demonstrations were conducted with attendance of over 2700 visitors. eXtension - Content is being added to both the Farm Energy and the Wood to Energy Communities of Practices. Both embedded and cross-cutting E2O teams are responsible for adding at least 20 additional pages of content and 20 FAQ’s based on project research results and related materials. Biofuels Academy - Education material for K-12 and college-level students has been added to the Biofuels Academy (http://www.biofuelsacademy.org/). The Biofuels Academy website contains significant resources to help educate the workforce for the biofuels industry. In addition to continually updating the glossary, four modules will be expanded or developed within the next year. Extension Professionals - have been working closely with farmers, landowners, loggers, conversion partners, and extension professionals to begin to identify and overcome feedstock acquisition, harvest, transport, and processing barriers. In the near future, extension professionals will work closely with biorefinery partners and biomass producers to understand and demonstrate the feedstock quality needs of the biorefineries and to help promote harvest and processing methods to achieve those quality and cost targets. Outreach Material - Fact sheets have been developed on production and sustainability features of the IBSS project. Through continued updates of the website, webinars, emails and technology transfer team activities, IBSS brings increased awareness and engagement by the agriculture and forestry community. These activities will result in a vastly more educated workforce, an interested farmer and landowner following and even community and economic developers who know where to go for current information on liquid biofuel production from forestry and agricultural sources. This educated workforce and landowner base will be able to undertake biomass to biofuel actions much more quickly than an uneducated audience. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems program is already making impacts on society, and will continue to do so in its next phase. The first impact from the project is a body of knowledge on hardwood, pine, and switchgrass genetics that will serve to inform future generations on which genetic lines of woody and herbaceous species are best suited for biomass production for the biorefining industries. While pine genetics are fairly well understood, we are only beginning to identify hardwood genetic lines best suited for intensive silviculture, and the IBSS efforts by ArborGen and other IBSS academic researchers will continue to expand the knowledge base on which genetics are best for sustainable production of feedstocks for renewable biofuels. The second broad impact from the project will be new knowledge that will affect the economic development of the biofuel industry. New logistics methods and techniques are being developed for harvesting, transporting, and processing woody and herbaceous biomass that will result in highest quality feedstock at lowest delivered costs. Combined with these new logistics practices, additional knowledge developed on thermochemical conversion processes (gas-to-liquids and pyrolysis based processes) will help the biofuel industry design fuel production plants using technologies and scales that are profitable. Models, model results, and experimental data on Life Cycle Assessment and sustainability of biomass supply and biofuel conversion systems also will inform future generations of stakeholders, policy makers, and industry planners as they make decisions that affect deploying a biofuels industry. Finally, the IBSS project will educate a new workforce and a broad group of producers and stakeholders that will power the industry. These efforts include educating a cadre of undergraduate and graduate scientists and engineers who will be ready for careers in the industry; educating a professional workforce that will insure a sustainable supply of feedstock for the biofuel industry; and informing the public and other policy makers on the issues surrounding biomass and biofuel production. These educational efforts will serve to reduce the public perception issues that present barriers to the successful deployment of a biofuel industry in the southeast U.S.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? RenDiesel - We have successfully demonstrated the technical feasibility of producing green diesel using IBSS-provided biomass from the region. Analysis of the process data is nearly complete, and should be available soon for further refinement of the model developed at NCSU. Five hundred gallons of RenDiesel have been shipped to Auburn University, and 250 gallons have been shipped to North Carolina State University, and The University of Tennessee. Planning is underway for several demonstrations to highlight this milestone, and elevate the profile of renewable diesel as a drop-in fuel. IBSS Database - The IBSS database is now available for the team to catalog regional biomass samples analyzed during the course of the program. It has already been populated with information on chemical composition, ash characteristics, and physical properties along with site/location data for almost 200 biomass samples from UT and NCSU. This capability will become increasingly important for further data mining as the number and range of biomass materials is expanded. Feedstock Chemistry - Understanding the natural variability of biomass, as potential feedstock is a key element to enabling the commercialization of processes for the production of advanced fuels. The IBSS conversion team is investigating the chemical composition of two important feedstocks produced in the southeast: pine and switchgrass. On a dry weight basis, carbohydrate content in switchgrass was found to vary between 55 to 69% and between 55 and 67% for pine, respectively. Lignin content in switchgrass ranges from 18 to 21% and from 25 to 35% in pine. Genetics, growth environment, harvesting method, and storage conditions are some of the factors that influence biomass chemical composition. By understanding biomass heterogeneity one can estimate the quality of the feedstock, design a specific process or adjust process conditions to obtain optimal conversion yield. Woody Crop Field Trials - Year 1 measurements have been completed for the Alabama and Tennessee installations. Although it is premature to make judgments on productivity, varietal differences are clear even at this early stage. Additionally, a unique hybrid sweetgum has been planted over 7 acres at the EV Smith Research Center in central Alabama. We are very optimistic about the potential for this species in the region, and particularly this variety. Another installation of hybrid poplar was installed at the UT Forestry Research and Education Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in April 2013. Gasification Studies - Biomass gasification studies were conducted in two platforms: downdraft gasifier and fluid bed. In the case of downdraft gasifier, the heating value of syngas was around 5.5 MJ/m3 for both the biomass types. However, there is a difference in the amount of tars formation (data being analyzed) and the concentration of other syngas contaminants. In addition, another separate study was conducted using pine woodchips to determine the amount of tar formation. More than thirty compounds in tar were quantified. Among the different compounds in tar, tertiary condensed products such as toluene, o/p-xylene, naphthalene, phenol, styrene, and indene were observed in significant amounts. Tar concentration in the syngas was found to be in the range of 340 to 680 mg/Nm3. Syngas Composition and Contaminants - Baseline data were developed for syngas composition and contaminants such as ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride. Gasification studies were conducted at three different equivalence ratios, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35, and at three different temperatures (600, 700 and 800oC) using southern pine biomass. Syngas composition and contaminants are function of both equivalence ratio and gasification temperature. As expected, very little hydrogen chloride was observed in the gas stream due to the low concentration of this halide in pine. However, the ammonia and hydrogen cyanide were present at higher concentrations, relative to hydrogen chloride. The concentration of ammonia was around 500-300 ppmv at 0.25 equivalence ratio. Similarly, the concentration of hydrogen cyanide was around 30-115 ppmv and that of H2S was in the range of 20 ppmv. Gasification Process Simulation Modeling - To support the experimental efforts, a process simulation model of a gasification system was developed. The model was constructed so that biomass resources can be represented and compared with coal using commercial simulation software, e.g. Aspen Plus or Hysys, and if necessary augmented with customized models for specific units, which might not be readily available in commercial simulators. Once the model is fully developed and validated with experimental data, proven process integration techniques for thermal management and resource conservation will be employed to optimize the system design. A methodology is being formulated that allows modeling the biomass feed using three sets of parameters: (i) proximate analysis, (ii) ultimate analysis, and (iii) sulfur analysis. The use of such characterization data will provide a flexible foundation for studying gasification processes, and these properties are being collected during experimental studies. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis - Research in the area of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) involved successful production of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons and oxygenates from IBSS biomass-derived syngas. We synthesized and characterized Fe-based FTS catalysts that were shown to be suitable for use with IBSS syngas and associated contaminants. Systematic investigations of three different modes of FTS operation, i.e. gas-phase, slurry-phase, and supercritical phase, were performed using a continuous FTS reactor system custom-built for the IBSS project. This system has allowed determination of the effect of syngas composition and contaminant levels on FTS performance, and characterization of this performance relative to feed conversion, product selectivity, and yield of fuel-range hydrocarbons. We have successfully performed comparative studies on supercritical FTS, gas-phase FTS, and slurry phase FTS using syngas compositions obtained during the gasification studies of woody IBSS biomass and documented the corresponding conversion levels, product selectivities, liquid product yield, and light gas product yield. FTS Modeling Accomplishments - Process simulation models have been developed for both gas-phase FTS and supercritical phase FTS SCF-FTS using the data obtained experimentally at Auburn University as part of the IBSS project. To date this modeling effort has been focused on these two specific processes since they currently provide the most comprehensive datasets. Detailed analyses of the process economics and environmental impact of the two FTS alternatives were performed to evaluate if the increased fuel production outweighs the increased operating costs resulting from higher temperatures and pressures. The models include all feed pretreatment, conversion and product fractionation steps. Process integration techniques, i.e. thermal pinch analysis, were used to identify the minimum energy requirements and optimize the simulation models. Aspen Energy Analyzer was used to design the corresponding minimum cost heat exchanger networks. Finally, the optimized models were used to generate data for the economic as well as environmental performance metrics. The estimation of environmental performance was achieved through the use of the US-EPA Waste Reduction (WAR) algorithm.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: English, B.C, Yu, T.E., Larson,L.A., Menard, R.J. and Gao, Y, Economic Impacts of Using Switchgrass as a Feedstock for Ethanol Production: A Case Study Located in East Tennessee, Economics Research International, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Volume 2013, Article ID 138485, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/138485.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Durham, E., Zhang, S., Xu, R., Eden M.R., Roberts C.B. (2012): Novel Adiabatic Reactor Design for Supercritical Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 30B, pp. 1098-1102.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Sadhwani, N., Liu, Z., Eden, M.R., Adhikari, S. (2013): Simulation, Analysis and Assessment of CO2 Enhanced Biomass Gasification, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering (accepted for publication January 2, 2013).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Li, M., Tu, M., Cao, D., Bass, P., Adhikari, S., (2013): Distinct Roles of Residual Xylan and Lignin in Limiting Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Organosolv Pretreated Loblolly Pine and Sweetgum Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61(3) 646-654.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Yang, X., Tu, M., Xie, R., Adhikari, S., Tong. Z., (2013): A comparison of three pH control methods for revealing effects of undissociated butyric acid on specific butanol production rate in batch fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum AMB Express 3 (1):3.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Jiang, W., Via, B.K., Han, G., Tu, MB, Liu, W. (2013): Rapid assessment of coniferous biomass lignin-carbohydrates with near infrared spectroscopy Submitted to Wood Science and Technology.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Durham E., Xu R., Zhang S., Eden M.R., Roberts C.B. (2013): Supercritical Adiabatic Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (DOI: 10.1021/ie3008677).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Zhang, S., Xu, R., Durham, E., Roberts, C.B., Production of Middle Distillate Range Hydrocarbons via Iron-based Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis with Integrated Product Upgrading under Supercritical Phase Conditions submitted to Fuel Processing Technology.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Xu, R., Zhang, S., Roberts, C.B., Mixed alcohol synthesis over a K promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst in supercritical hexanes submitted to I&EC Research.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Brian Via, Sushil Adhikari, and Steven Taylor. Modeling for proximate analysis and heating value of torrefied biomass with vibration spectroscopy. Bioresource Technology. Vol. 133, pp. 1-8.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Shyamsundar Ayalur Chattanathan, Sushil Adhikari, Steven Taylor. 2012. Conversion of carbon dioxide and methane in biomass synthesis gas for liquid fuels production. Int. J of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 37, pp. 18031-18039
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Nourredine Abdoulmoumine, Avanti Kulkarni, Sushil Adhikari, Steven Taylor, and Edward Loewenstein. 2012. Economic analysis of municipal power generation from gasification of urban green wastes: case study of Fultondale, Alabama. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining. Vol. 6(5), pp. 521-533
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Shyamsundar Ayalur Chattanathan, Sushil Adhikari (30%), and Nourredine Abdoulmoumine. 2012. A review on current status of hydrogen production from bio-oil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Vol. 16, pp. 2366-2372.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: McDonald, T.P.; Haridass, K.; Valenzuela, J.; Gallagher, T.V.; Smidt, M.F. In press. Mileage savings from optimization of coordinated trucking. International Journal of Forest Engineering. Accepted 13 February, 2013. DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2013.798133
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kantavichai, R., T.V. Gallagher, L.D. Teeter. 2013. Feasibility of short rotation loblolly biomass plantations in AL. Forest Policy and Economic. (accepted).
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Parish E.S., Hilliard M.S., Baskaran L.M., Dale V.H., Griffiths N.A., Mulholland P.J., Sorokine A., Thomas N.A., Downing M.E., Middleton R.S. 2012. Multimetric Spatial Optimization of Switchgrass Plantings Across a Watershed. Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining 6:58-72.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2012 Citation: Daystar J., Venditti R., Gonzalez R. and Puettmann M. 2012. Life cycle assessment of bioethanol from pine residuals via biomass gasification to mixed alcohols. In press Forest Product Journal.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2012 Citation: Treasure, T., Gonzalez, R., Phillips, R., Jameel, H., Venditti, R., 2012. Techno-Economic and Risk Analysis of Producing Ethanol via Dilute Acid Pretreatment from Various Woody and Non-woody. Bioenergy Research Journal. Expected submission October 2012.

Progress 08/01/11 to 07/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The Southeastern Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS) is focused on reducing the barriers to deployment of an advanced, infrastructure-compatible industry in the region. This integrated research, education, and outreach team focuses on the advancement of innovative biomass production technologies to provide an engineered feedstock developed and optimized for performance in thermochemical or biochemical fuel conversion processes. While activity is underway across the spectrum of proposed work, this report will highlight key outputs that have laid the foundation for the future. First, our collaborator in thermochemical conversion completed installation of a 20-ton/day biomass gasifier at the BioEnergy Center of Excellence (BECE) in Commerce City, CO. The IBSS team at NC State and Auburn procured, chipped, preprocessed, and shipped 120 tons of biomass to Rentech for processing. Consisting primarily of southern pine biomass, the material was selected to provide information on chemical composition, site, genetics, and particle dimensions. A portion of the material has been processed, and information obtained on synthesis gas composition and tar formation, providing a valuable performance baseline for existing southeastern biomass. Switchgrass will be included in the assessment in the years to come. Second, it is imperative that new sources of high-yielding biomass that can be grown on marginal, non-pine sites become available in the near future. The IBSS Partners have established field trials of hybrid poplar at sites in Tennessee and Alabama, and eucalyptus in south Alabama. These are multi-functional plantings that are designed to provide information on genotypic and phenotypic variation of new poplar genetic material in the region, and new information on spacing and establishment conditions for poplar. Additionally, planting locations were selected for maximum visibility to the public and offer valuable educational opportunities, including field day training (coming up in Tennessee). Third, there is a dramatic lack of information on the chemical composition of biomass that is available for biofuels production across the region. This characteristic directly influences process efficiency in biochemical conversion technologies, and is expected to impact thermochemical processes even though the impact is poorly understood at this stage. Almost 300 biomass samples (pine, woody crops, and switchgrass) were collected were collected for analysis from across the southeast region. The samples have been analyzed by molecular beam mass spectrometry (NREL, Golden, CO) for sugars composition, as well as lignin content and structure. Conventional chemical methods were used to characterize a significant subset of the samples, and the data are currently being evaluated by multivariate statistics. Finally, the IBSS Partners completed preliminary modeling to identify appropriate sampling sites to assess water quality and quantity at a watershed-scale for switchgrass plantings in Tennessee. The sites have been installed and data are being collected that will feed models in development by other members of the program. PARTICIPANTS: The IBSS Partnership involves numerous researchers from around the region. Key participants from the leadership team include: Steve Bobzin, Bill Hubbard, Steve Kelley, Tim Rials, Steve Taylor, and Kelly Tiller. TARGET AUDIENCES: The IBSS Partnership is focused on forest landowners, farmers, and other organizations interested in biomass production. Also, IBSS is working to engage the drop-in fuels industry by providing valuable new information on biofuels production in the region. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Biomass yield is considered a primary factor that will ultimately impact sustainability of infrastructure-compatible biofuels in the southeastern region. And, this is true for every acre under production, emphasizing the need to carefully match site characteristics with crop type and genetics. Although very preliminary, the hybrid poplar field trials established by the IBSS Partners through the leadership of ArborGen, Inc. has already revealed genotypic variation at the different sites. Clonal variation in this first growing season is dramatic; however, recently available genetic material is producing trees exceeding 13 feet in height at sites in both Alabama and Tennessee. This level of production is unprecedented, and highlights the interaction of genetics and environment that is widely recognized. We anticipate identifying productive clones to meet the need for high-yielding crops on appropriate sites distributed across the region while fulfilling the goals of the landowner. The partnership has also made significant progress toward defining the range of properties (physical and chemical). More than 80 switchgrass samples representing several varieties were analyzed by standard chemical methods. The results were surprising in that lignin content of the biomass ranged from 14 to 24 percent, while carbohydrate content varied from less than 50 to 68 percent. This suggests considerable opportunity to optimize properties through selection and breeding within the natural population, once the impact on conversion is more clearly defined. Analysis of more than 300 biomass samples by molecular beam mass spectrometry has also been completed. Preliminary evaluation of the data raised interesting questions about the propensity for tar formation during biomass gasification. The results of partial least squares analysis suggest that increased lignin content may increase the amount of tars. Work is now experimenting to simulate gasification conditions directly with the instrument, which will allow better definition of this undesirable product from the process. Of particular significance during this reporting period is the startup of the 20 ton/day biomass gasifier at Rentech's BECE campus. A portion of material provided by IBSS was evaluated in the new unit. The partnership addressed several issues around preprocessing that improved material handing, and work in that area is ongoing. Analysis of the synthesis gas showed that it met specifications; however, tar formation with the new reactor was higher than expected. This has led to questions about alternative methods to better control moisture content of the feedstock, as well as the influence of lignin on tar formation (as noted above). In subsequent runs, the synthesis gas was taken through the process, including the Fischer-Tropsch reactor to produce hydrocarbons for upgrading to diesel and/or jet fuels. This marks the first time that syngas from biomass has been successfully used for fuel production at this scale, and is an exciting development for the program. Extended campaigns are planned to generate fuel for analysis, as well as demonstration purposes.

Publications

No publications reported this period