Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Cornell: Our target audience is very diverse and includes organic growers and grain users, grain processors that mill and produce products, distilleries, consumers that purchase specialty grains and grain products, extension agents, and the seed industry. Greenmarket manages over 100 famers markets in the New York City area which includes many racial and ethnic minorities as well as disadvantaged groups. The rural community in New York, Pennsylvania and North Dakota are well served by this project and many people in those communities need the information coming from this project to be successful in their enterprises. This project has been extremely active in communicating with the public through workshops, field days, tasting events, web sites, and webinars. The project activities and progress were reported at three field days, a NOFA-NY conference, a SARE tour, at extension agent training school and the OREI Project Director's meeting in Washington DC. NDSU: Target audience includes farmers who plant or are considering planting value added grains. The market segments include grain buyers along with processors, millers, bakers, and end users. The project also serves individuals that want to grow specialty grains on small scale for personal use. It is mainly the organic community that is served by this project and this group is most receptive of growing, marketing, and eating this type of wheat. Although the project mainly serves the organic community, conventional farmers are also being served as they are looking for growing and marketing alternatives and the ancient grains appear to be a viable alternative to the rising cost of inputs along with the loss of genetic diversity among crops. Efforts made to reach audiences include oral, written and electronic forms. Efforts to reach the target audience were made by presenting information at a number of conferences across the region. All research data is available on the NDSU website along with the Annual Report from the Carrington Research Extension Center. Much of my time spent on outreach was on a one on one basis as I receive a growing number of requests for information on the ancient grains and heritage wheat. Audience requesting information were mainly farmers, although a number of companies that include buyers, processors, and bakers are contacting me for information related to the grains. These requests are mainly phone calls and e-mails along with office visits. These requests tend to be more at a regional and national level as compared to a local level. The number of requests for seed and information from farmers is increasing each year. Requests for information from buyers, millers and bakers also tend to be increasing as the project goes on. NPSAS: NPSAS collaborated with other project partners to reach out to the specialty wheat community (organic farmers, bakers, consumers) across the country with a special focus on the northern plains. We used many forms of outreach, as described below, and will continue to take research information from our team to the public in the coming year. We also partnered with NDSU and some of our farmers to increase seeds of some promising varieties of ancient and heritage wheat. PASA: In the 2015-16 phase of this project, PASA reached out to farmers in Pennsylvania and the surrounding states. These farmers are interested in sustainable practices, and range in experience from new and aspiring farmers to very experienced farmers. PASA reached these people through outreach to promote the events held, which included printed postcards (mailed to PASA's contacts and handed out at tabling events), PASA's website, PASA's print newsletter, and PASA's weekly e-newsletter. Additionally, PASA distributed press releases related to the events. Penn State: Our target audience is organic grain producers and their advisors, who include extension educators, extension specialists and non-government association personnel. We have reached them through our participation in conferences and through contact with seed suppliers and extension educators. Baker (NOFA-NY): The audience is organic and sustainable farmers, millers, bakers, academics, and consumers. NOFA-NY: Our target audience is organic farmers in New York State and some neighboring farms in PA and Ohio. One of our primary goals has been to add value to wheat and specialty grain crops to increase their production and enhance the diversity and sustainability of organic farms. Greenmarket: Greenmarket is primarily working on marketing and promotion for the Value Added Grains project. Target audiences are: General consumer with an emphasis on the local foods consumer Home bakers Professional bakers, Chefs and restaurateurs Institutional buyers Culinary Schools Retail Food outlets, i.e. Specialty Grocery Stores Farmers, including Greenmarket Farmers Entrepreneurs working in the food and beverage industry who are using grains to produce products, such as mills, breweries, bakeries, distilleries, pasta makers, etc. Government and not for profit organizations looking to support the development of infrastructure that will support the development of the local food system. Agencies looking for strategies that will support healthy soils and mitigate the causes and impacts of climate change Local, regional and national food media OGRIN: For the Value-Added Grains Project, OGRIN works primarily with organic growers, grain processors, and bakers. Please see products and accomplishments sections below for efforts made to reach these audiences. Changes/Problems:Cornell: none to list NDSU: None NPSAS: Our biggest delay had been getting some of our seeds increased. There have been no problems getting increases of emmer, einkorn, and spelt with the assistance of NDSU. However, we were hampered on farm by weeds like wild oats and volunteer oats and had to turn to some other seeds of known einkorn and emmer varieties to get back up to field scale. One grow out of spelt was also accidentally a mix of two varieties and that project had to be started over with hand selections between the two highly valuable varieties. We have had problems finding members willing to grow out one or two acres of our heritage wheat varieties. It is not a scale most farmers are prepared to handle in our region. However, we were finally able to do this in 2015 and again in 2016. Finding the right equipment to work with seed increases that began with a gram and were intended to end up at hundreds of bushels has been a challenge. Thankfully we now have the right equipment in place to cover the entire scale. PASA: None Penn State: Overall we achieved the majority of the objectives of this project as planned and added a few outreach activities that were not originally part of our assignment. The only objective that we did not accomplish as much as anticipated was the recruitment of farmers for on farm research. As a result we did not expend our full budget allotment and returned some funds to the project director. NOFA (Baker): The consumer willingness to pay (WTP) study was delayed and scaled back for several reasons. Sensory panel results were separated from the WTP study. Varieties were selected based on productivity as well as sensory quality, and not on sensory quality alone after some varieties failed to yield sufficient quantities to trial for consumers. There was not a sufficient surplus of the varieties selected until the last year of the study. Randomization was limited by the amount of time for the study. As a result of having too few trials, the results were determined to be potentially biased and sample sizes were too small to be able to provide significant results. The experience should be able to help future replications of the study, but is unlikely to lead to publishable research. The case study group (Elizabeth Dyck, June Russell, and Brian Baker) determined that bakers also are deserving of case studies. As bakers will be the final gatekeepers between farmers and final consumers in many cases, their preferences and quality requirements are likely to be big drivers of demand. Bakers will be the ones to set the price points for bread and flour, and their willingness to pay a premium for flour from heritage, heirloom and ancient grains--as well as for new breeds. One baker was added to the case studies as part of an integrated value chain. The subjects of the case study were not able to provide representative data for costs and expenses. Also, to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of some of the cooperators, we did not associate financial or sales data with any specific operation, unless otherwise mentioned. The budgets, equipment needs, and other data presented are composites, and do not represent any individual operation. These needed to be supplemented with data from secondary sources and from operations that were not included in the case study. The cooperative feasibility study is preliminary. In order to complete a cooperative feasibility study, it will be necessary to organize a core group of farmers and / or other parties who would be able to form a cooperative--e.g. bakers who are interested in forming a flour mill that would purchase grains and sell to members. NOFA-NY has been provided information and possible resources that would enable them to work with organic farmers to complete the cooperative feasibility study. NOFA-NY: Collaboration from the economist's economic feasibility component, PASA and OGRIN may have facilitated a more realistic radius to work within and setup of the mobile unit. One of the barriers farmers face with producing small amounts of specialty grains is access to the market, and developing consistent quality criteria for food grade grain markets. As a possible extension of this project, the development of a grain marketing clearing house to assist farmers building market options, feasible educational resources, and a united approach to obstacles in the marketplace. From quality seed availability to milling capacity, the OREI project will continue to identify barriers to success from the field. Thanks to developments in breeding and variety selection of specialty grains forthcoming from Cornell, Penn State, ND State, and other partnering collaborators on the OREI project. The market opportunities with Grow NYC Greenmarkets as well as processing tools, evaluations, and grower networking will continue to build on the foundation of the OREI value added grains project success for years to come. Greenmarket: The case study on Westwind Milling has taken longer than expected. Financial information from the principals was not obtained until September 2015. In addition, through conversations with the project economist, Brian Baker, we realize that Westwind Milling is not a viable business model. This will be explained in the draft that will be submitted. In lieu of the Westwind case study, we have contributed to the Champlain Valley Milling case study and to the case study on Farmer Ground Flour, both of which we believe will be more useful to prospective milling operations as viable business models. All other deliverables will be completed within the grant extension period. OGRIN: No significant changes in approach or problems in implementation were seen. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training: eOrganic Views of webinar recordings from this project to date on YouTube: August 2016 Working with Local Organic Grains: 148 views. 115 attended. Ancient Grains: Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt: 9679 views plus 4196 views of small clips from this webinar. 162 attended. Dehulling Ancient Grains: 1464 views. 144 attended. High Quality Wheat and Ancient Grain Production: 5639 views. 149 attended Characteristics of Modern, Heritage and Ancient Wheat Varieties: 254 views. 94 attended. Heritage and Ancient Wheat: Varietal Performance and Management: 374 views. 168 attended. Small Grains and Corn (presentation at Organic Seed Growers Conference: 492 views NOFA broadcast with Elizabeth Dyck et al: 179 views March, 2015: National webconference to discuss local grains led by Julie Dawson. Host sites in CA, ND, MN, WI, IL, OH, NY, VT, ME NOFA-NY: NOFA-NY Winter Conference The Northeast Organic Farming Association of New York's annual Winter Conference, is held each year with attendance reaching over 1000 each year and featured heritage and ancient grains the past 3 years. 2015 Organic Dairy & Field Crop Conference On March 4th 2015, NOFA-NY sponsored an Organic Dairy and Field Crop Conference in Syracuse, NY. This annual event featured a workshop by Klaas and Mary-Howell Martens of Lakeview Organic Grains. OREI project staff, Graduate Researcher, Lisa Kissing Kucek of Cornell University, presented on the grains sensory and tasting event held at Hyde Park, NY. Greenmarket: Promoting ancient grains and heritage wheat Emmer. Greenmarket conducted several campaigns to promote the ancient wheat, emmer. According to research, emmer has the potential to become an important food crop in the coming years; it has shown good performance in the field and is resilient in the face of climate fluctuations. Emmer is high in protein content and has the potential to serve as an important food grain in the coming years, especially as consumers reduce their intake of animal protein. Emmer is also delicious and is a staple in classic Italian cuisine. However, because the Italians refer to both emmer and spelt as "farro", there is confusion when distinguishing the difference between these species in the wheat family, necessitating Greenmarket's public-facing educational efforts. More often than not, spelt imported from Italy is marketed as "farro". Emmer, spelt and einkorn are related and are all referred to as "farro", but each has unique attributes and characteristics that we are trying to articulate and share with the consumer as we identify opportunities for product development. We have worked to prime the market as the supply increases on the farm side. See marketing webinar for more info. Red Fife, hits the NYC market. In 2014 the first heritage wheat variety became available in New York on a commercial scale. GRGP and Greenmarket began to market and distribute Red Fife to New York consumers. The grains project has also worked with additional farmers and millers to market heritage wheat, including Daisy Flour, Beiler's Heritage Acres, and the Heritage Grain Conservancy. http://www.grownyc.org/grains/news Local, Organic and Ancient Grains for Brewing and Distilling. Over the course of the grant, staff engaged in strategic collaborations to promote the use of local, organic grains in beer and spirits, and encouraged experimentation with heritage varieties in brewing and distilling. Over the course of the five-year project Greenmarket staff led, organized, or participated in forty-nine different events, including workshops, conferences, trade shows and food events. Outreach expanded beyond the baking and food grade market to include the burgeoning craft beverage industry, particularly the New York State farm-licensed enterprises, which have become significant customers of local and organic grain. OGRIN: OGRIN's primary focus was on the identification or development of low-cost, effective dehulling equipment for smaller-scale growers. Professional development: Baker met with Friedrich Longin at Hohenheim University on March 13, 2013. Dr. Longin is a leading breeder and developer of spelt, emmer and einkorn. Toured his lab, looked at lab-scale dehulling and seed cleaning equipment, identified key production and marketing challenges related to heritage grains. Baker attended Agricultural and Applied Economics Association meeting August 4-6. Learned about methodological innovations that can be applied to the project, particularly hedonic price analysis and consumer survey techniques. Baker met with experts in heritage varieties of small grains at the final meeting and conference Strategies for Organic and Low-input Breeding and Management Conference in Nantes, France, July 5-8, 2014. Baker attended the Sparrowbush Farm field day in Hudson, NY on June 18 and the Migliorelli / Gill Farm field day and workshop on reviving grains in the Hudson Valley in Red Hook and Hurley on June 23. Workshop conducted by George Wright at the 2014 NOFA-NY Winter Conference provided information on marketing conditions faced by small-scale grain farmers in Eastern North America. Baker attended the Northern Grain Growers Association meeting in Essex Junction, Vermont, March 17-18, 2015. Met with Elizabeth Dyck, Heather Darby, Ellen Mallory, and others who are working on small grains production in the Northeast. Baker also met with a number of farmers who are interested in a cooperative. Baker visited Iron Man Welding and Fabrication in East Grand Forks, MN on October 15, 2015 to see a prototype of a mobile dehulling unit and interview Adam Lind, the main fabricator. Baker participated in meetings and conference calls organized by Empire State Development to explore the possibility of organizing a farmers' cooperative or other enterprise to help with the development of value added organic grains. NOFA-NY: Our Organic Grain & Field Crop Coordinator attended a Flour and Milling short course. The OREI equipment was provided to numerous small production farms so that they may increase their knowledge to increase their production and overall profitability in bringing value added grain to market. Greenmarket: The Value Added Grains Project created many opportunities for training and personal development for staff, food professionals and consumers alike. Staff received professional development through attending field days, workshops and conferences, including interactions with farmers, bakers and chefs. Several staff members are now very knowledgeable about the attributes of various wheat varieties and their culinary applications. In turn, staff was able to offer technical assistance to professionals and home cooks on the qualities of and how to utilize the specialty grains. In the course of executing the retail pilot, Greenmarket created several new positions: a full-time grains operations and sales manager and a part-time business manager. Staff is also developing business management skills from working on the retail pilot including incubating a social enterprise, developing systems such as inventory tracking, and collecting sales data. Staff also gained experience in video production and editing, and in writing articles for the blog posts and newsletter and reports. More than 25 professional chefs and bakers gained valuable experience and feedback by working together during the Quality Evaluations. Likewise, more than forty participants (professional and non-professional) were trained in sensory analysis for the sensory evaluation portion. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Cornell: Results of this project were disseminated in various ways to target audiences. Presentations and publications were the primary vehicles for informing the public about the value of grains on the farm and at various outlets for grains products. NDSU: Accomplishments in disseminating results to the target audience were fulfilled through a number of ways including oral settings. Most time was spent in one on one or small group settings. Most information requests were phone calls or e-mails, or office visits. These requests had taken a substantial amount of time as each request generally required an hour or more. Giving talks at conferences and field tours aided in disseminating project results. Finally publishing project data accomplished getting the results to the target audience. Publishing data on the internet reached a national audience with interest in the ancient grains, while annual reports reached a local audience with interest. NPSAS: The Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Society had a successful webinar, half-day workshop, presentations, and field day in July. NOFA: We alerted our target audience about project results through E-news and through our quarterly magazine, New York Organic News articles. Through these means, we have reached approximately 10,000 people. During this grant year, we have reached our target audience through workshops, conferences and field days with equipment demonstrations across New York and into Pennsylvania. At the 2015 Winter Conference we continue to devote an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops. At this conference there were 6 workshops and 2 full intensive sessions held that included a Grain Expo and Forum. In March 2015, the Organic Dairy and Field Crop conference included 4 Grain & Field crop workshops and 1 intensive that presented the OREI project trial results. We also reached organic farmers through on-farm field days that took place during the 2014-2015 season. A seed cleaning intensive in September 2014 provided valuable information to grain farmers. Demonstrations of the grain equipment were held at NOFA-NY field days as well as OGRIN and PASA functions. In addition, we have provided support to organic growers who are producing wheat and specialty grain crops through our Technical Assistance hotline, through which growers receive 1-on-1 support on growing organic grains. Greenmarket: Greenmarket participated in more than fifty events including conferences, webinars, workshops and panel discussions reached over 6,000 people during the course of the grant project. GrowNYC's Regional Grains Project website has gotten 20,000 page views since its inception in 2013 according to Google analytics, yearly record of site traffic. Articles and updates were published on key topics, news and events: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main The results of the variety trials and quality evaluations and additional work by grant partners can also found on the website. Finally, the website directs consumers to what is available in the region and where to access Grains Blog on the GrowNYC website. Articles and updates on key topics and events. http://www.grownyc.org/blog/tags/grains. The GrowNYC website had over 2,500,000 page views in the last year according to Google analytics. This general number would include exposure to blog postings, which are on the home page of the GrowNYC website. Three pages relating specifically to the grains project were viewed at roughly 1,000 views each over the past year. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page. 370 following. https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject Photos: Regional Grains Project Flickr page: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jruss/albums The GRGP flicker site houses photo albums of field days, events, conferences as well as photos of grain facilities and processing equipment. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project YouTube Channel houses project videos and records the number of views per video. The channel has eleven subscribers and combined videos have received over 10,000 views since it's inception in December 2013. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVboCFtpUKlQDC4x-ROW7A/featured Grains Project Instagram @greenmarket_grains. https://www.instagram.com/greenmarket_grains/ The Greenmarket Grains Project instagram feed has over 1,200 followers. Feed Feed posts. Fond Group/Feed Feed, a social media and recipe sharing group, provided pro bono social media services to GrowNYC, aggregating beautiful photos of recipes made with local ingredients. Grains were a regularly featured item, encouraging customers to purchase regional grains and informing them how to prepare those products. At market promotions and cooking demos. Hundreds of cooking demos featuring grains have been conducted throughout the course of the grant at all times of year at Greenmarket's many neighborhood locations, reaching hundreds of thousands of consumers. Outreach through GMCo. and the GRGP Grainstand. Greenmarket Co. sales team has conducted outreach to chefs, bakers, institutions and other potential wholesale grain buyers. Greenmarket Co has called on more than thirty different potential buyers, bringing them samples of spelt, emmer and other regional grain products and educating them on the unique qualities and benefits of these grains. OGRIN: Project results have been disseminated over the reporting period to over 400 attendees of the presentations by OGRIN at workshops, a field day, and the dehulling webinar. eOrganic: The 2 webinars that were conducted for this project in the previous reporting period were recorded and now have the following number of views on the eOrganic YouTube channel: Management for High Quality Wheat and Ancient Grains Production in the Northeast: 3043 views The "Ancient" Grains: Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt Webinar: 4279 views, plus an additional 2617 views of individual clips from parts of that webinar that are available separately. In the last year of the grant, through two workshops, two tastings, and a bread-making class, OGRIN disseminated project-generated information to over 220 participants. Over the course of the grant, OGRIN has either organized or collaborated on events that have reached over 1050 participants. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: The Value-Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems project has educated thousands of farmers about what varieties of heritage and ancient grains to grow, where to obtain seed, how to grow heritage and ancient grains under organic conditions and how to harvest and process these grains. Our webinars and videos have more than 20,000 views. Our sensory and preference evaluations have validated the novel flavor and excellent nutritional characteristics of ancient grains. Marketing and economic analyses that we conducted have demonstrated that demand for heritage and ancient grains outstrips supply and consumers are willing to pay more for products made from these grains. Through attendance at our various events, workshops, conferences, field days and panel discussions we have reached well over 8,000 people. We have established a permanent information resource on eExtension. This project has resulted in the establishment of a new awareness of the benefits of grains and grain products on the farm, in the market place, and on the consumers' table. There is now a continuum of information on high value grains from the research plots to the seed sources, the farms, the processers, the markets and the consumers. Accomplishments by objective: 1) Evaluate germplasm of heritage wheat, emmer, spelt, and einkorn for adaptability to organic systems and for desirable grain and baking characteristics, including flavor and nutritional quality: Extensive variety trials were conducted each year of this project as follows: Cornell: Fall Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn Evaluations at Freeville organic farm 2012-2015: Spring Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn Evaluations at Freeville organic farm 2012-2015: Field research trials were conducted at the Cornell Willsboro Farm to address agronomic questions related to the organic production of ancient and heritage small grains. NDSU Research Trials planted this year on certified organic land Carrington Research Extension Center, Cathay ND, and Robinson ND 2012-2015 Winter spelt variety trial Spring wheat, spelt, emmer, & einkorn variety trials Einkorn seeding rate trial Penn State: Winter grains trials- Heritage Winter Wheat and Spelt Spring grains trials - Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt Trial summaries over all four years were published online and hard copies distributed at field days, workshops, short courses, and by mail. Variety recommendations have been made for heritage wheat, spelt, emmer, and einkorn. Bread Wheat Quality Evaluation. Ithaca NY. January 17th -19th 2014 Sourdough bread evaluations at the Wide Awake Bakery Sensory training and evaluations at Cornell University Emmer Variety Evaluations, New York City, NY. October 29 -31st 2014 Emmer pasta evaluations at Gramercy Tavern Sensory Evaluation at the Natural Gourmet Institute Heritage Wheat Evaluations, Hudson Valley, NY. February 19-21st 2015 Baking trials held at the Bread Alone Bakery, Boiceville, NY. Sensory evaluations were conducted at the Culinary Institute of America. 2) Develop management recommendations for heritage wheat varieties and emmer and einkorn landraces: Three years of seeding rate and fertility trials were completed by Cornell, OGRIN and Penn State. Those results have been presented at field days, workshops, submitted for publication and presented in a poster. Seeding rate had little or no effect on yield while increasing fertility consistently increased yield under organic management when initial fertility was low. When initial fertility was high because of a previous crop of legumes, increasing fertility had little or no effect on yield. 3) Optimize grain quality through identifying management techniques, from planting through harvest, cleaning, and storage, that are cost-effective: This objective was accomplished in several ways including inviting experts to speak at conferences, field days, workshops and by demonstrating our mobile processing unit. Below are just a few examples: 2015 Field Days & Equipment Demonstrations September 20th a seed cleaning intensive short course with PASA, OGRIN and NOFA-NY took place at Ernst Conservation Seed in Meadville PA. The mobile unit was demonstrated at a PASA field day June 13th in Germansville, PA. NOFA-NY and the OREI project sponsored five value added grain related field days in 2015. The de-huller was demonstrated at various field days as well as tested by Elizabeth Dyck and Robert Perry prior to its relocation. 4) Document a variety of approaches to grain dehulling and milling to provide growers with processing options: This objective was met by evaluating different brands of dehullers, by publishing a webinar on eExtension and by publishing the results of those evaluations. Some of those activities are described under objective #3. NDSU: Purchased dehulling machine to determine the amount of seed that can be removed from the hull to be milled for flour. Variety trials of emmer, einkorn, and spelt were dehulled and the % reported by variety and location NOFA (Baker): Published a report comparing the various dehulling units, including the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return analysis for the portable (mobile) model. OGRIN: Major progress was made in identifying and assessing affordable, efficient small-scale dehulling equipment. Robert Perry (NOFA-NY) and Elizabeth Dyck (OGRIN) demonstrated the unit at a PASA-sponsored field day at the Bailey farm in Germansville, PA. The unit has so far visited six farms where it has been left for extended use. At each farm, after initial instruction the grower mastered the use of the dehuller and gravity table and produced marketable product. A video on seed-cleaning equipment and methods was produced and a webinar: Dehulling Ancient Grains, eOrganic webinar, http://www.extension.org/pages/71272/dehulling-ancient-grains-webinar#.VhkXQvlViko was produced. 5) Investigate multiple strategies for accessing local and regional markets. This objective was addressed by GreenMarket and by NOFA through the economics research conducted by Baker. Below is a list of some of the activities and products resulting from their work: October 18, 2014: The GRGP retail pilot, or the Grainstand, began a weekly retail stand at the Wednesdays Union Square Greenmarket. Carrying 34 different grain/flour products, the pilot maintains a weekly presence connecting consumers and wholesale customers to a wide variety of grains that are now available Public Event: "Meet Emmer. The best grain you've never heard of". Partnered with the Foodstand to produce a public event featuring a consumer preference tasting and a panel discussion. http://www.eventbrite.com/e/meet-emmer-the-best-grain-youve-never-heard-of-tickets-13778476795 Emmer pasta. Promotional product development with Steve Gonzalez of Sfoglini Pasta and Quinciple. Quinciple is a food box subscription service with over 700 members who order and receive a curated food box each week. The pasta was recently featured in Cooking Light magazine. http://simmerandboil.cookinglight.com/2015/09/02/good-food-sfoglini-emmer-reginetti/ Public Event. Heritage Wheat in the Hudson Valley. Partnered with Dr. Christopher Loss at the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, NY to produce a consumer preference tasting and symposium. https://www.eventbrite.com/e/heritage-wheat-in-the-hudson-valley-tickets-15726171402 Conducted a consumer preference tasting of heritage wheat varieties grown at Cornell's Freeville research farm. March 10th, 2015 Farm to City Expo. Going with the Grain. The Renaissance of NYS Grain Production. http://www.internationalrestaurantny.com/296/ny-farm-to-city.htm NOFA (Baker): Completed six of eight case study interviews (White Frost Farm, White Frost Farm Mill, Farmer Ground Flour, Thor Oeschner Farm, Champlain Valley Milling and Omar Beiler Farm). A survey was prepared and distributed for grain farmers that had expressed an interest in the value added grains project.

Publications

• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: " Cornell Variety Trial Results were posted online at
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: " NDSU statewide variety trial website: www.ag.ndsu.ag/varietytrials.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Value Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems. Proceedings of the 4th ISOFAR
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Scientific Conference Building Organic Bridges the Organic World Congress 2014, 13-15 Oct., Istanbul, Turkey. Co-authors: Lisa Kissing Kucek, Elizabeth Dyck, Julie Dawson, David Benscher, Mike Davis, Frank Kutka, Robert Perry, Greg Roth, June Russell, Steve Zwinger, Mark Sorrells.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Dehulling Ancient Grains: Economic Considerations and Equipment. http://articles.extension.org/pages/73240/dehulling-ancient-grains:-economic-considerations-and-equipment#.Vh3qHLRViko. Posted October 14, 2015.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Capturing a Value-Added Niche Market: Articulation of Local Organic Grain. Submitted to the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, June 22, 2016. Under review. Co-author: June Russell.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Organic management of heritage winter wheat varieties in the Northeastern US, poster, ASA Annual Meeting
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Evaluation of wheat and emmer varieties for baking, pasta making, and sensory quality, Cereal Review
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: eOrganic Webinar posted to YouTube  Working with Local Organic Grains (159 views) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eDy_fEIZUU
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: eOrganic Webinar posted to YouTube  Dehulling Ancient Grains (1593 views) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjrpVU6K_zs
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: eOrganic Webinar posted to YouTube  Heritage and Ancient Wheat: Varietal Performance and Management (376 views) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRUWcdSZlpg
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: eOrganic Webinar posted to YouTube  Characteristics of Modern, Heritage and Ancient Wheat Varieties (267 views) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd7dgoSL2lk
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: eOrganic Webinar posted to YouTube  The Ancient Grains Emmer, Einkorn, and Spelt: What We Know and What We Dont Know (9653 views)
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: " Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Website: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main The Greenmarket Regional Grains Project website functions as a true resource for those looking for information on the Northeast Grainshed, with links to partners' websites, technical assistance and other resources.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: o Northeast Grainshed Map. Created this map to illustrate the growing network of farms and facilities that are producing grain in the Northeast. Used at publicity and educational events and at the Grains Project retail stand. http://www.grownyc.org/grains/wheretobuy

Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Cornell: Our target audience is very diverse and includes organic growers and grain users, grain processors that mill and produce products, distilleries, consumers that purchase specialty grains and grain products, extension agents, and the seed industry. Greenmarket manages over 100 famers markets in the New York City area which includes many racial and ethnic minorities as well as disadvantaged groups. The rural community in New York, Pennsylvania and North Dakota are well served by this project and many people in those communities need the information coming from this project to be successful in their enterprises. This project has been extremely active in communicating with the public through workshops, field days, tasting events, web sites, and webminars. The project activities and progress were reported at three field days, a NOFA-NY conference, a SARE tour, at extension agent training school and the OREI Project Director's meeting in Washington DC. NDSU: Target audience includes farmers who plant or are considering planting value added grains. The market segments include grain buyers along with processors, millers, bakers, and end users. The project also serves individuals that want to grow specialty grains on small scale for personal use. It is mainly the organic community that is served by this project and this group is most receptive of growing, marketing, and eating this type of wheat. Although the project mainly serves the organic community, conventional farmers are also being served as they are looking for growing and marketing alternatives and the ancient grains appear to be a viable alternative to the rising cost of inputs along with the loss of genetic diversity among crops. Efforts made to reach audiences include oral, written and electronic forms. Efforts to reach the target audience were made by presenting information at a number of conferences across the region. All research data is available on the NDSU website along with the Annual Report from the Carrington Research Extension Center. Much of my time spent on outreach was on a one on one basis as I receive a growing number of requests for information on the ancient grains and heritage wheat. Audience requesting information were mainly farmers, although a number of companies that include buyers, processors, and bakers are contacting me for information related to the grains. These requests are mainly phone calls and e-mails along with office visits. These requests tend to be more at a regional and national level as compared to a local level. The number of requests for seed and information from farmers is increasing each year. Requests for information from buyers, millers and bakers also tend to be increasing as the project goes on. NPSAS: NPSAS collaborated with other project partners to reach out to the specialty wheat community (organic farmers, bakers, consumers) across the country with a special focus on the northern plains. We used many forms of outreach, as described below, and will continue to take research information from our team to the public in the coming year. PASA: In the 2014-15 phase of this project, PASA reached out to farmers in Pennsylvania and the surrounding states. These farmers are interested in sustainable practices, and range in experience from new and aspiring farmers to very experienced farmers. PASA reached these people through outreach to promote the events held, which included printed postcards (mailed to PASA's contacts and handed out at tabling events), PASA's website, PASA's print newsletter, and PASA's weekly e-newsletter. Additionally, PASA distributed press releases related to the events. Penn State: Our target audience is organic grain producers and their advisors, who include extension educators, extension specialists and non government association personnel. We have reached them through our participation in conferences and through contact with seed suppliers and extension educators. Baker (NOFA-NY): The audience is organic and sustainable farmers, millers, bakers, academics, and consumers. NOFA-NY: Our target audience is organic farmers. One of our primary goals has been to add value to wheat and specialty grain crops to increase their production and enhance the diversity and sustainability of organic farms. During this grant year, we have reached our target audience through workshops, conferences and field days with equipment demonstrations across New York and into Pennsylvania. At the 2015 Winter Conference we continue to devote an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops. At this conference there were 6 workshops and 2 full intensive sessions held that included a Grain Expo and Forum. In March 2015, the Organic Dairy and Field Crop conference included 4 Grain & Field crop workshops and 1 intensive that presented the OREI project trial results. We also reached organic farmers through on-farm field days that took place during the 2014-2015 season. A seed cleaning intensive in September 2014 provided valuable information to grain farmers. Demonstrations of the grain equipment were held at NOFA-NY field days as well as OGRIN and PASA functions. In addition, we have provided support to organic growers who are producing wheat and specialty grain crops through our Technical Assistance hotline, through which growers receive 1-on-1 support on growing organic grains. Greenmarket: Greenmarket is primarily working on marketing and promotion for the Value Added Grains project. Target audiences are: General consumer with an emphasis on the local foods consumer Home bakers Professional bakers, chefs, and restaurateurs Retail Food outlets, particularly specialty grocery stores. Farmers, including Greenmarket Farmers Entrepreneurs workingin the food and beverage industry who are using grains to produce products. Mills, breweries, bakeries, distilleries, pasta makers, etc. Local, regional and national food media OGRIN: For the Value-Added Grains Project, OGRIN works primarily with organic growers, grain processors, and bakers. Please see products and accomplishments sections below for efforts made to reach these audiences. Changes/Problems:Cornell: none to list NDSU: None NPSAS: Our biggest delay has been getting some of our seeds increased. There have been no problems getting increases of emmer, einkorn, and spelt. We have had problems finding FBC members willing to grow out one or two acres of our heritage wheat varieties. However, we were finally able to do this in 2015. Some of our seed increases have been hampered by weeds like wild oats and by volunteer crops like oats. These are very hard to clean out of hulled wheats like emmer, einkorn, and spelt, and have caused us to have to start over or abandon a seed lot on more than one occasion. We see the way to deal with these issues is clearly more training on certified seed production for those organic farmers who wish to be involved, and demonstration of small scale equipment that we have gathered together for these intermediate scale production efforts. We did show off our smaller equipment at the ancient grains field day this summer and our grower used some of it. We will consider this need as we produce videos and hold field events in the final months of the project. Another problem for this project has been low levels of communication among the many participants. Our aim for region-wide outreach is greatly served when the scientists share their findings rapidly, although clearly some information, like results of variety trials, has required a few years to become worth sharing. We will be requesting the final results from the other researchers so we can share them with the public in the northern plains region. An additional change has been proposed by Alex Stone from Oregon State University to train our staff and assist in the development of additional high quality video during the last season of the project. We look forward to this opportunity to document the process of growing, processing, and marketing these valuable types of wheat for organic and other farmers. This will be a major part of our effort in the last year. PASA: None Penn State: Our research program is on schedule. We should be able to conclude our work by next summer. NOFA (Baker): None NOFA-NY: No major problems or delays have had significant impact on the OREI project. Greenmarket: The case study on Westwind Milling has taken longer than expected. Financial information from the principals was not obtained until September 2015. In addition, through conversations with the project economist, Brian Baker, we realize that Westwind Milling is not a viable business model. This will be explained in the draft that will be submitted. In lieu of the Westwind case study, we have contributed to the Champlain Valley Milling case study and to the case study on Farmer Ground Flour, both of which we believe will be more useful to prospective milling operations as viable business models. All other deliverables will be completed within the grant extension period. OGRIN: No significant changes in approach or problems in implementation were seen. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Cornell: See field days and presentations listed above. A certified taste trainer, who was contracted through this grant, trained ~50 individuals in sensory evaluation of grain products. NDSU: The project increased the opportunity to train and teach others about the project by the exposure the project provided. Much of the assistance I gave to others whether it was tours, presentations, or individual requests came about because of the project and the attention it has along with the current interest and demand the grains have. I feel the contacts that have been made throughout this project have increased the knowledge that famers, along with the commercial industry that is developing with these grains. Another way we are enhancing the growth of these crops is by providing the best information based on current research. I feel we can address some of the false information that is being claimed by groups or individuals with these crops. NPSAS: In the extension of the project we will hold another preconference workshop about ancient and heritage wheat at the NPSAS Winter Conference in January, 2016. We are collaborating with other team members on another webinar and making plans for getting video of some of the key parts of the production and processing cycle for these grains on organic farms in the Dakotas. We will also hold another taste test for attendees at the NPSAS Winter Conference and continue discussion with FBC members about further increase or commercial production of the seeds we have increased. During these final outreach activities we will ask our attendees whether they have learned important information from our four years of work and if they are preparing to grow these value added grains on their farms. NOFA (Baker): I attended the Sparrowbush Farm field day in Hudson, NY on June 18 and the Migliorelli / Gill Farm field day and workshop on reviving grains in the Hudson Valley in Red Hook and Hurley on June 23. The workshop at the 2015 NOFA-NY Winter Conference enabled me to better understand marketing conditions faced by small-scale grain farmers in Eastern North America. NOFA-NY: Our Organic Grain & Field Crop Coordinator attended a Flour and Milling short course offered in Delaware County. Also, the OREI equipment has been provided to numerous small production farms so that they may increase their knowledge to substantially increase their production and overall profitability in bringing value added grain to market. These farms include Sparrowbush Farm, Lineage Farm, Gordon Farm, White Frost Farm and Long Season Farm. Greenmarket: Participation in conferences, workshops and panel discussions (detailed above) reached over 2,500 people. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page is maintained and now has 300 followers. https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Flickr page continues to showcase project photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jruss/sets/ The Regional Grains Project website has gotten 17,191 page views in the past year according to google analytics. Articles and updates were published on key topics, news and events: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main Greenmarket Regional Grains Project YouTube Channel houses project videos and records the number of views per video. The channel has seven subscribers and has received over 6,000 views 4,500 of those in the past year, indicating (1,426 views this time last year.) Inception in December of 2013. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVboCFtpUKlQDC4x-ROW7A/featured Press: 09/01/14 -08/31/15 Grub Street: Why Semilla's Einkorn Bread is Worth Paying For. http://www.grubstreet.com/2014/12/einkorn-buckwheat-bread-semilla.html# Brooklyn Magazine: Special SMASH Beers for Beer Week http://www.bkmag.com/2015/02/06/greenpoint-beer-ale-among-nyc-brewers-making-special-smash-beers-for-beer-week/ New York Times. Beyond Quinoa: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/18/dining/ancient-grains-are-new-again.html?_r=0 Spins Trendwatch: Grains http://wholegrainscouncil.org/files/Grains_Infographic201408SPINS_0.pdf Lancaster Farming:. http://www.amyhalloran.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/Industry-Reps-Share-Perspectives_LancasterFarming_12.14.pdf Edible Manhattan/Brooklyn: With Effort, the Northeast is Once Again Becoming a Bread Basket. http://www.ediblemanhattan.com/foodshed-2/northeast-becoming-breadbasket/ Huffington Post: Redefining Bread http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bethany-econopouly/redefining-bread_b_5717289.html Rochester Democrat & Chronicle: Grains Hopping at Organic Farm Gathering: http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2015/02/15/grains-take-center-stage-organic-farming-conference/23454785/ OGRIN: The assembling and mobilization of the project's dehulling unit has provided the opportunity for both group and one-on-one training of farmers in dehulling equipment and the dehulling process. Robert Perry (NOFA-NY) and Elizabeth Dyck (OGRIN) demonstrated the unit at a PASA-sponsored field day at the Bailey farm in Germansville, PA to approximately 25 attendees. The unit has also so far visited four farms where it has been left for extended use. At each farm, after initial instruction from Perry and Dyck, the grower has mastered the use of the dehuller and gravity table and produced marketable product. Feedback from the growers has led to improvements in the equipment's efficacy. The dehuller unit is continuing to move to more farms in PA and NY. Penn State: During this year we began the production of two educational videos in lieu of having a field day. This will be a resource that can be used at future events and showcase some our project results. These videos were done on the winter wheat and spelt trials and involved both variety selection and management information. Greg Roth and Elizabeth Dyck provided most of the commentary for the videos and the winter grains tests were used as a backdrop. The videos are in the production process, and our hope is that they will be complete by January 2016. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Cornell: Results of this project were disseminated in various ways to target audiences. Presentations and publications were the primary vehicles for informing the public about the value of grains on the farm and at various outlets for grains products. NDSU: Accomplishments in disseminating results to the target audience were fulfilled through a number of ways including oral settings. Most time was spent in one on one or small group settings. Most information requests were phone calls or e-mails, or office visits. These requests had taken a substantial amount of time as each request generally required an hour or more. Giving talks at conferences and field tours aided in disseminating project results. Finally publishing project data accomplished getting the results to the target audience. Publishing data on the internet reached a national audience with interest in the ancient grains, while annual reports reached a local audience with interest. NPSAS: We had a successful webinar, half-day workshop, presentations, and field day in July. Baker: Results dissemination. During the 2014 NOFA-NY Winter Conference, I organized an impromptu meeting of those participating in the project to give updates, share information, and invite members of the public to learn about the project. The session was attended by six project participants and 9 members of the interested public, including a mix of farmers, academics, processors, retailers and consultants. November 6, 2013: Presented the economics of dehulling during a field day at Yoder Farm, Muncy, PA. July 1, 2014: Presented results of economic analysis of different on-farm dehulling equipment at the Cornell Field Day in Ithaca, NY. NOFA: We alerted our target audience about project results through E-news and through our quarterly magazine, New York Organic News articles. Through these means, we have reached approximately 10,000 people. Greenmarket: Participation in conferences, workshops and panel discussions (detailed above) reached over 1,500 people. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page is maintained and now has 222 followers. https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Flickr page continued to showcase project photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jruss/sets/ The revamped Regional Grains Project website has gotten 1181 page views in the past month of any page that includes the word "grain" in the URL and 17,173 page views in the past year according to google analytics. Articles and updates were published on key topics, news and events: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main Greenmarket Regional Grains Project YouTube Channel houses project videos and records the number of views per video. The channel has seven subscribers and has received 1,426 views since its inception in December of 2013. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVboCFtpUKlQDC4x-ROW7A/featured Press: 09/01/13 -08/31/14 Zester Daily. Eating the Landscape: Why Bakers Use Local Flour http://zesterdaily.com/cooking/eating-the-landscape-why-local-flour-is-better/ Cornell Chronicle. Twilight tour highlights heritage grain research. http://chronicle.cornell.edu/stories/2014/07/twilight-tour-highlights-heritage-grain-research NOFA-NY Word Press. Bread from Wheat Field to Millstone to Our Bellies. http://nofanewyork.wordpress.com/2014/06/27/bread-from-wheat-field-to-millstone-to-our-bellies/ 150ish. Sustainable fields of local grain:1http://us5.campaign-archive2.com/?u=b704b49db100e8f2f98aca8e3&id=8bda11e44f The Guardian. The Finnish 'rye-volution' begins in New York, without wheat or yeast. http://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/jun/01/rye-bread-finnish-new-york-health-demand The Village Voice. How the Five Boro Craft Beer Fest Supports Local Agriculture. http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2014/04/drinking_for_go.php Serious Eats. Why Restaurants Should Keep Their Bread Baskets. http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2014/04/drinking_for_go.php The New York Times. Against the Grain. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/23/dining/against-the-grain.html?ref=dining&_r=1 The Tasting Table. Bread Winners. http://www.tastingtable.com/entry_detail/nyc/16827?utm_medium=email Zester Daily. The Local Malt Issue That Can Change Craft Brewing. http://zesterdaily.com/drinking/local-hops-that-can-change-craft-brewing/ Edible Brooklyn. 9 Special Beers You Shouldn't Miss at NYC's Brewer's Choice. http://www.ediblebrooklyn.com/2014/02/26/9-special-beers-shouldnt-miss-nyc-brewers-choice/ Corks , Caps & Taps. New York malt adds flavor to NYC's Brewer's Choice Beer Week event. http://www.corkscapsandtaps.com/?p=1951 Culinate. Flour to the People. Going with the Local Grains. http://www.culinate.com/articles/features/local_flours Heritage Radio: Beer Sessions Episode 201 -The New York State of Beer http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/episodes/5581-Beer-Sessions-Radio-Episode-201-The-New-York-State-of-Beer Episode 202 -NYC Brewer's Choice 2014 Episode 210 -New York Agriculture and Beer Show The Farm Report Episode 212 -Maine Grains Alliance http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/category_posts/663-Maine-Grains-Alliance Special Segments: Business Episode 74 -Maine Grains Alliance. http://hrn.heroku.com/episodes/6430-Maine-Grains-Alliance Rise of the Northeast Grains. http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/category_posts/628-Rise-of-Northeast-Grains OGRIN: Project results have been disseminated over the reporting period to over 400 attendees of the presentations by OGRIN at workshops, a field day, and the dehulling webinar. eOrganic: The 2 webinars that were conducted for this project in the previous reporting period were recorded and now have the following number of views on the eOrganic YouTube channel: Management for High Quality Wheat and Ancient Grains Production in the Northeast: 3043 views The "Ancient" Grains: Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt Webinar: 4279 views, plus an additional 2617 views of individual clips from parts of that webinar that are available separately. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Cornell: The last reporting period will be used to finalize data analyses and publications. All results will be disseminated online, in presentations, and by distribution of paper copies at various events. NDSU: NA PASA: Because PASA has funds remaining, PASA will plan one or two workshops at the February 2016 conference to wrap up their work on this project. Penn State: Our focus for the next reporting period will be to finish our videos and use them as a resource for educational programs on heritage grain production. We will also complete the analysis of the management trials in conjunction with our other project partners and begin to disseminate those results. Finally we will refer clientele to the report summaries on the Cornell small grains web page. NOFA (Baker): Webinar on baking planned in 2015-6. NOFA-NY continues the outreach with the 2016 NOFA-NY Winter conference in Saratoga, NY. A full day intensive focusing on marketing grains, flour milling, and gluten free grains is planned. Soil health, reduced tillage in grain production, and ancient grains for the homeowner are also incorporated in the program. A workshop focusing on the OREI work with various project partners is also scheduled for the conference. Greenmarket: Finish deliverables The case study on Westwind Mill will be completed. The co-operative feasibility study will be completed. A summary of the GRGP retail and distribution pilot will be completed. The case study on Champlain Valley Milling will be completed. June Russell will assist Brian Baker in consumer demand study. Spring 2016 Seek additional sources of funding Recognizing the need for continued education, marketing and customer development as local grains come to scale in the region, GrowNYC is pursuing additional sources of funding to continue to operate the Grainstand (GRGP retail). OGRIN: In the final reporting period, analysis of on-farm trial work will be completed and results disseminated through the OGRIN website and presentations. Publications will include a fact sheet on small-scale dehulling, four grain grower case studies, two milling case studies, and videos on value-added grain production, grain cleaning, dehulling, and marketing. An evaluation of project results in terms of meeting project objectives will also be completed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IMPACT: The Value-Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems project has educated hundreds of farmers about what varieties to grow, where to obtain seed, how to grow heritage and ancient grains under organic conditions and how to harvest and process these grains. Our sensory and preference evaluations have validated the novel flavor and excellent nutritional characteristics of ancient grains. Marketing and economic analyses that we conducted have demonstrated that demand for heritage and ancient grains outstrips supply and consumers are willing to pay more for products made from these grains. This project has resulted in the establishment of a new awareness of the benefits of grains and grain products on the farm, in the market place, and on the consumers' table. There is now a continuum of information on high value grains from the research plots to the seed sources, the farms, the processers, the markets and the consumers. Accomplishments by objective: 1) evaluate germplasm of heritage wheat, emmer, spelt, and einkorn for adaptability to organic systems: Extensive variety trials have been conducted each year of this project as follows: Cornell: Fall Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn Planting, planted at Freeville organic farm Fall 2014, harvested summer 2015: Spring Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn, planted spring 2015, harvested summer 2015: Field research trials were conducted at the Cornell Willsboro Research Farm to address a series of agronomic questions related to the organic production of ancient and heritage small grains. Winter wheat & spelt variety trials Winter wheat planting rate study Winter wheat fertility trial Spring wheat, spelt, emmer & einkorn variety trials Spring emmer seeding rate study Spring wheat, emmer, einkorn, and spelt planting date study NDSU Research Trials planted this year on certified organic land Carrington Research Extension Center Winter spelt variety trial Spring wheat, spelt, emmer, & einkorn variety trials Einkorn seeding rate trial On farm-Cathay Emmer/einkorn/wheat planting date trial Spring wheat, spelt, emmer, & einkorn variety trials Einkorn & einkorn seeding rate trials On farm-Robinson Spring wheat, spelt, emmer, & einkorn variety trials Einkorn & einkorn seeding rate trials Penn State: Trials with organic lines: winter grains trials- Heritage Winter Wheat and Spelt spring grains trials - Spring Emmer, Einkorn and Spring Spelt Trial summaries over the first year were published online and hard copies distributed at field days, workshops, shortcourses, and by mail. Variety recommendations have been made for heritage wheat, spelt, emmer, and einkorn. 2) develop management recommendations for heritage wheat varieties and emmer and einkorn landraces: The third year of seeding rate and fertility trials were completed by OGRIN and Penn State. Those data are currently being summarized but the results from the first two years indicated that seeding rate has little or no effect on yield while increasing fertility consistently increased yield under organic management when initial fertility was low. When initial fertility was high because of a previous crop of legumes, increasing fertility had little or no effect on yield. 3) optimize grain quality through identifying management techniques, from planting through harvest, cleaning, and storage, that are cost-effective: This objective was accomplished in several ways including inviting experts to speak at conferences, field days, workshops and by demonstrating our mobile processing unit. Below are just a few examples: 2015 Field Days & Equipment Demonstrations September 20th a seed cleaning intensive short course with PASA, OGRIN and NOFA-NY took place at Ernst Conservation Seed in Meadville PA. The mobile unit was demonstrated at a PASA field day June 13th in Germansville, PA. NOFA-NY and the OREI project sponsored five value added grain related field days in 2015. The de-huller was demonstrated at various field days as well as tested by Elizabeth Dyck and Robert Perry prior to its relocation. 4) document a variety of approaches to grain dehulling and milling to provide growers with processing options: This objective was met by evaluating different brands of dehullers and by publishing the results of those evaluations. Some of those activities are described under objective #3. NDSU: purchase of dehulling machine to determine the amount of seed that can be removed from the hull to be milled for flour. Variety trials of emmer, einkorn, and spelt were dehulled and the % reported by variety and location NOFA (Baker): Published a report comparing the various dehulling units, including the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return analysis for the portable (mobile) model. OGRIN: Major progress has been made in identifying and assessing affordable, efficient small-scale dehulling equipment. Robert Perry (NOFA-NY) and Elizabeth Dyck (OGRIN) demonstrated the unit at a PASA-sponsored field day at the Bailey farm in Germansville, PA to approximately 25 attendees. The unit has also so far visited four farms where it has been left for extended use. At each farm, after initial instruction from Perry and Dyck, the grower has mastered the use of the dehuller and gravity table and produced marketable product. A video on seed-cleaning equipment and methods was produced and a webinar: Dehulling Ancient Grains, eOrganic webinar, http://www.extension.org/pages/71272/dehulling-ancient-grains-webinar#.VhkXQvlViko was produced. 5) investigate multiple strategies for accessing local and regional markets. This objective was addressed by GreenMarket and by NOFA through the economics research conducted by Baker. Below is a list of some of the activities and products resulting from their work: October 18, 2014: The GRGP retail pilot, or the Grainstand, began a weekly retail stand at the Wednesdays Union Square Greenmarket. Carrying 34 different grain/flour products, the pilot maintains a weekly presence connecting consumers and wholesale customers to a wide variety of grains that are now available Public Event: "Meet Emmer. The best grain you've never heard of". Partnered with the Foodstand to produce a public event featuring a consumer preference tasting and a panel discussion. http://www.eventbrite.com/e/meet-emmer-the-best-grain-youve-never-heard-of-tickets-13778476795 Emmer pasta. Promotional product development with Steve Gonzalez of Sfoglini Pasta and Quinciple. Quinciple is a food box subscription service with over 700 members who order and receive a curated food box each week. The pasta was recently featured in Cooking Light magazine. http://simmerandboil.cookinglight.com/2015/09/02/good-food-sfoglini-emmer-reginetti/ Public Event. Heritage Wheat in the Hudson Valley. Partnered with Dr. Christopher Loss at the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, NY to produce a consumer preference tasting and symposium. https://www.eventbrite.com/e/heritage-wheat-in-the-hudson-valley-tickets-15726171402 Conducted a consumer preference tasting of heritage wheat varieties grown at Cornell's Freeville research farm. March 10th, 2015 Farm to City Expo. Going with the Grain. The Renaissance of NYS Grain Production. http://www.internationalrestaurantny.com/296/ny-farm-to-city.htm NOFA (Baker): Completed six of eight case study interviews (White Frost Farm, White Frost Farm Mill, Farmer Ground Flour, Thor Oeschner Farm, Champlain Valley Milling and Omar Beiler Farm). A survey was prepared and distributed for grain farmers that had expressed an interest in the value added grains project.

Publications

• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Research Trial Data published in: A report of Agricultural Research and Education in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center, December 2014, Volume 55.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Baker, Brian. Dehulling Ancient Grains: Economic Considerations and Equipment. In press: publication on eXtension.org in October 2015.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: " Value Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems. 2014. Building Organic Bridges. 1183-1186. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research (ISOFAR), October 13-15, 2014. Bonn, Germany: ISOFAR. Lisa Kissing Kucek, Elizabeth Dyck, Brian Baker, Julie Dawson, David Benscher, Mike Davis, Frank Kutka, Robert Perry, Greg Roth, June Russell, Steve Zwinger, and Mark Sorrells co-authors.

Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Cornell: Our target audience is very diverse and includes organic growers and grain users, grain processors that mill and produce products, distilleries, consumers that purchase specialty grains and grain products, extension agents, and the seed industry. Greenmarket manages over 100 famers markets in the New York City area which includes many racial and ethnic minorities as well as disadvantaged groups. The rural community in New York, Pennsylvania and North Dakota are well served by this project and many people in those communities need the information coming from this project to be successful in their enterprises. This project has been extremely active in communicating with the public through workshops, field days, tasting events, web sites, and webminars. The project activities and progress were reported at three field days, a NOFA-NY conference, a SARE tour and at extension agent training school. NDSU: Target audience includes farmers who plant or are considering planting value added grains. The market segments include grain buyers along with processors, millers, bakers, and end users. The project also serves individuals that want to grow specialty grains on small scale for personal use. It is mainly the organic community that is served by this project and this group is most receptive of growing, marketing, and eating this type of wheat. Although the project mainly serves the organic community, conventional farmers are also being served as they are looking for growing and marketing alternatives and the ancient grains appear to be a viable alternative to the rising cost of inputs along with the loss of genetic diversity among crops. Communications efforts included oral, written and electronic forms. Information was presented at a number of conferences across the region. All research data is available on the NDSU website along with the Annual Report from the Carrington Research Extension Center. Much of my time spent on outreach was on a one on one basis as I receive a growing number of requests for information on the ancient grains and heritage wheat. Groups requesting information were mainly farmers, although a number of companies that include buyers, processors, and bakers are contacting me for information related to the grains. These requests are mainly phone calls and e-mails along with office visits. These requests tend to be more at a regional and national level as compared to a local level. The number of requests for seed and information from farmers is increasing each year. Requests for information from buyers, millers and bakers also tend to be increasing as the project goes on. NPSAS: NPSAS sought to provide information about emmer, einkorn, and spelt to the organic farming community and others interested in sustainability on the Northern Plains and beyond via several products. PASA: In the 2013-14 phase of this project, PASA reached out to farmers in Pennsylvania and the surrounding states. These farmers are interested in sustainable practices, and range in experience from new and aspiring farmers to very experienced farmers. PASA reached these people through outreach to promote the events held, which included printed postcards (mailed to PASA’s contacts and handed out at tabling events), PASA’s website, PASA’s print newsletter, and PASA’s weekly e-newsletter. Additionally, PASA distributed press releases related to the events. Penn State: Our target audience is organic grain producers and their advisors, who include extension educators, extension specialists and non government association personnel. We have participated in conferences and reached them through contact with seed suppliers and extension educators. Baker: The audience is organic and sustainable farmers, millers, bakers, academics, and consumers. NOFA: Our target audience is organic farmers. One of our primary goals has been to add value to wheat and specialty grain crops to increase their production and enhance the diversity and sustainability of organic farms. During this grant year, we have reached out to our target audience in a number of ways. One venue was our 2013 Winter Conference. We devoted an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops, which included 6 workshops and 1 intensive. In addition, during the 2013 Winter Conference we hosted a grain tasting event. The second venue was our 2013 Organic Dairy & Field Crop Conference where we organized an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops, which included 4 workshops and 1 pre-conference intensive. We also reached organic farmers through on-farm field days that took place during the 2013 season, as well as by hosting equipment demonstrations. In addition, we have provided support to organic growers who are producing wheat and specialty grain crops through our Technical Assistance hotline, through which growers receive 1-on-1 support on growing organic grains. Greenmarket: Greenmarket is primarily working on marketing and promotion for the Value Added Grains project. Target audiences are: General consumer with an emphasis on the local foods consumer Home bakers Professional bakers, chefs, and restaurateurs Retail Food outlets, particularly specialty grocery stores. Farmers, including Greenmarket Farmers Entrepreneurs working in the food and beverage industry who are using grains to produce products. Mills, breweries, bakeries, distilleries, pasta makers, etc. Local, regional and national food media OGRIN: For the Value-Added Grains Project, OGRIN works primarily with organic growers, grain processors, and bakers. Please see products and accomplishments sections below for efforts made to reach these audiences. Changes/Problems: Cornell: none to list NDSU: Planting winter spelt into no-till seed beds. I have had problems with winter spelt and have crop failures possibly due to seeding method and seedbed. I have been planting the winter spelt into untilled flax stubble. Performance has been poor with heavy weed pressure and ultimately stands that needed to be terminated, therefore a crop failure. This year I planted the winter spelt into tilled ground that led to better fall stands with better growth going into the winter. I hoped this would solve the problem of poor performance of organic winter spelt. This past winter was extremely cold with very little snow cover. This led to winter kill and termination of the trial. This year I planted the winter spelt into tilled ground with an earlier planting date and higher seeding rate that led to better fall stands with greater vegetative growth going into the winter. I hope this will solve the problem of poor performance of organic winter spelt in ND. NPSAS: One unexpected outcome was the intense growth of interest in einkorn and the ease with which we could find answers to research questions about einkorn grain quality and other attributes of special interest, such as salt tolerance and major grain protein components related to baking quality and allergens. With them we are seeking funding for an expansion of our einkorn evaluations to augment the agronomic information being generated via this current project. Otherwise, the project is on track and we look forward to this year’s outreach with more focused information. PASA: PASA was able to plan events in this reporting period at a lower expense than anticipated. This means we will be able to direct the additional funds towards programming held in the next reporting period of the event. Rebecca Robertson, who worked as PASA Farm Based Education Coordinator during the initial stages of this project, resigned in August of 2013. Susan Beal, PASA’s Agricultural Science Advisor and Interim Farm-Based Education Coordinator, has acquired the responsibilities for a portion of this project. She also works with Kristin Hoy, PASA Conference Coordinator, assisting Kristin in the development and planning of conference programming. Penn State: We have had difficulty developing the on farm trials that we planned in the original proposal. We are making some renewed efforts to develop some for the spring and have at least one that we are planning now. We hope to use our experience base to develop more this spring. Baker: Changes in conditions. The varieties for the consumer preference studies had not been selected in time for winter planting. There was an insufficient quantity of grains to conduct a consumer study within the expected time frame as a result. The marketing study was deferred one year. Consumers that will participate in the consumer willingness to pay study are no longer a part of the sensory analysis study. A cooperating baker will need to be selected and a new set of consumers will need to be identified. The case study cost data will need to be supplemented with data obtained from other farms, mills and various equipment vendors. Pedigrees and intellectual property rights attached to various ‘heritage’ varieties have arisen among various cooperators. I have spent some time researching the pedigree and ownership of varieties as a marketing issue. Greenmarket: The case study on the Westwind Mill has been delayed due to the inability of the principles to meet with the project’s economist in order to review production and sales figures. Plans are to work with grant partner Brian Baker and finalize the case study in this final year. In order to continue to explore multiple strategies for accessing local and regional markets GRGP will pilot retail sales at markets and allocate resources to support a retail stand where consumers can access grains from across the region and learn about the project. Since there is a considerable amount of event work to do this year, we would like to ask for an extension of the grant deadline in order to finalize the reports on marketing and distribution and the two case studies. OGRIN: No significant changes in approach or problems in implementation were seen. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Cornell: See field day and presentations listed above. A certified taste trainer, who was contracted through this grant, trained 30 individuals in sensory evaluation of bread. NDSU: The project increased the opportunity to train and teach others about the project. Much of the assistance I gave to others whether it was tours, presentations, or individual requests came about because of the project and the attention it has along with the current interest and demand the grains have. I feel the contacts that have been made throughout this project have increased the knowledge that famers, along with the commercial industry that is developing with these grains. Another way we are enhancing the production of these crops is by providing the best information based on current research. NPSAS: Basic knowledge about the ancient grains, how to grow them, and current markets was delivered through a webinar and follow-up posting of a YouTube webinar video. Similar information with an expanded list of presenters directly involved in growing and marketing emmer was presented to NPSAS members at the half-day workshop in Aberdeen, SD in late January. A presentation at the Indigenous Farming Conference on the White Earth Reservation explained the background of these grains and our approach to identifying useful lines using screens of available accessions, small plot evaluations, and farmer involvement. Both of these events also included taste testing of emmer and einkorn products. NPSAS staff involved in this project also learned a great deal about the biology, marketing, and history of these grains which led to development of our related project on einkorn. Baker: Opportunities for training and personal development: I was able to meet with experts in heritage varieties of small grains at the final meeting and conference Strategies for Organic and Low-input Breeding and Management Conference in Nantes, France, July 5-8, 2014. I was also able to visit two farms that are growing heritage landraces in the Loire-Atlantique region. No project funds were spent for travel outside of the budget, but I was able benefit from talking to researchers on the subject. I attended the Sparrowbush Farm field day in Hudson, NY on June 18 and the Migliorelli / Gill Farm field day and workshop on reviving grains in the Hudson Valley in Red Hook and Hurley on June 23. The workshop conducted by George Wright at the 2014 NOFA-NY Winter Conference enabled me to better understand marketing conditions faced by small-scale grain farmers in Eastern North America. Greenmarket: Training and personal development activities listed above. The majority of our work on this project is in some way a training or personal development activity as the work around promoting and reviving regional grains in the Northeast is relatively new within the agricultural community. OGRIN: Two shortcourses provided significant training opportunities for farmers, processors, and bakers to increase the value of Northeast grains. A shortcourse on breadmaking with locally grown grain in November 2013, sponsored by OGRIN and conducted by baker Stefan Enders, was attended by 52 people, including professional bakers, millers, and farmers. A one-year follow-up evaluation to assess the impact of the course will be conducted, but one farmer participant has already reported that, as a result of the course, he has started baking bread made with his Red Fife grain and is now selling 35 loaves a week, with plans to expand to a greater volume. Millers and grain processors have complained of “dirty” seed lots from Northeast organic growers. To address this concern, a day-long shortcourse on grain cleaning, drying, and storage, co-sponsored by PASA, NOFA-NY, and OGRIN, was held in September 2014 at Ernst Conservation Seeds in Meadville, PA, and attended by over 35 participants, including farmers, millers, and other grain processors. Feedback from participants suggests that highlights of the course included a low-cost method of drying smaller-scale seed lots (utilizing home-made, 3-sided wooden bins with raised mesh floors that allow for fan operation), the use of low-cost cleaners such as air-screen cleaners and spiral cleaners to remove common weed seed contaminants, and, unexpectedly, the ability of such cleaning equipment as a debearder and a roller-crimper to adequately dehull spelt and emmer seed. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? NDSU: Accomplishments in disseminating results to the target audience were fulfilled through a number of ways including oral settings. Most time was spent in one on one or small group settings. Most information requests were phone calls or e-mails, or office visits. These requests had taken a substantial amount of time as each request generally required an hour or more. Giving talks at conferences and field tours aided in disseminating project results. Finally publishing project data accomplished getting the results to the target audience. Publishing data on the internet reached a national audience with interest in the ancient grains, while annual reports reached a local audience with interest. NPSAS: We had a successful webinar, half-day workshop, presentations, and field day in July. Baker: Results dissemination. During the 2014 NOFA-NY Winter Conference, I organized an impromptu meeting of those participating in the project to give updates, share information, and invite members of the public to learn about the project. The session was attended by six project participants and 9 members of the interested public, including a mix of farmers, academics, processors, retailers and consultants. November 6, 2013: Presented the economics of dehulling during a field day at Yoder Farm, Muncy, PA. July 1, 2014: Presented results of economic analysis of different on-farm dehulling equipment at the Cornell Field Day in Ithaca, NY. NOFA: We alerted our target audience about project results through E-news and through our quarterly magazine, New York Organic News articles. Through these means, we have reached approximately 10,000 people. Greenmarket: Participation in conferences, workshops and panel discussions (detailed above) reached over 1,500 people. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page is maintained and now has 222 followers. https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Flickr page continued to showcase project photos: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jruss/sets/ The revamped Regional Grains Project website has gotten 1181 page views in the past month of any page that includes the word "grain" in the URL and 17,173 page views in the past year according to google analytics. Articles and updates were published on key topics, news and events: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main Greenmarket Regional Grains Project YouTube Channel houses project videos and records the number of views per video. The channel has seven subscribers and has received 1,426 views since its inception in December of 2013. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVboCFtpUKlQDC4x-ROW7A/featured Press: 09/01/13 -08/31/14 Zester Daily. Eating the Landscape: Why Bakers Use Local Flour http://zesterdaily.com/cooking/eating-the-landscape-why-local-flour-is-better/ Cornell Chronicle. Twilight tour highlights heritage grain research. http://chronicle.cornell.edu/stories/2014/07/twilight-tour-highlights-heritage-grain-research NOFA-NY Word Press. Bread from Wheat Field to Millstone to Our Bellies. http://nofanewyork.wordpress.com/2014/06/27/bread-from-wheat-field-to-millstone-to-our-bellies/ 150ish. Sustainable fields of local grain:1http://us5.campaign-archive2.com/?u=b704b49db100e8f2f98aca8e3&id=8bda11e44f The Guardian. The Finnish ‘rye-volution’ begins in New York, without wheat or yeast. http://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/jun/01/rye-bread-finnish-new-york-health-demand The Village Voice. How the Five Boro Craft Beer Fest Supports Local Agriculture. http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2014/04/drinking_for_go.php Serious Eats. Why Restaurants Should Keep Their Bread Baskets. http://blogs.villagevoice.com/forkintheroad/2014/04/drinking_for_go.php The New York Times. Against the Grain. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/23/dining/against-the-grain.html?ref=dining&_r=1 The Tasting Table. Bread Winners. http://www.tastingtable.com/entry_detail/nyc/16827?utm_medium=email Zester Daily. The Local Malt Issue That Can Change Craft Brewing. http://zesterdaily.com/drinking/local-hops-that-can-change-craft-brewing/ Edible Brooklyn. 9 Special Beers You Shouldn’t Miss at NYC’s Brewer’s Choice. http://www.ediblebrooklyn.com/2014/02/26/9-special-beers-shouldnt-miss-nyc-brewers-choice/ Corks , Caps & Taps. New York malt adds flavor to NYC’s Brewer’s Choice Beer Week event. http://www.corkscapsandtaps.com/?p=1951 Culinate. Flour to the People. Going with the Local Grains. http://www.culinate.com/articles/features/local_flours Heritage Radio: Beer Sessions Episode 201 -The New York State of Beer http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/episodes/5581-Beer-Sessions-Radio-Episode-201-The-New-York-State-of-Beer Episode 202 -NYC Brewer’s Choice 2014 Episode 210 -New York Agriculture and Beer Show The Farm Report Episode 212 -Maine Grains Alliance http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/category_posts/663-Maine-Grains-Alliance Special Segments: Business Episode 74 –Maine Grains Alliance. http://hrn.heroku.com/episodes/6430-Maine-Grains-Alliance Rise of the Northeast Grains. http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/category_posts/628-Rise-of-Northeast-Grains OGRIN: Results of management trials and on-farm trials and demonstrations were presented to an audience of 40 participants at the 2014 Kneading Conference in Skowhegan, ME. Over 45 participants learned how to source, operate, and maintain combines appropriate for smaller-scale grain production at the farm workshop in PA. eOrganic: The 2 webinars that were conducted for this project in the previous reporting period were recorded and now have the following number of views on the eOrganic YouTube channel: Management for High Quality Wheat and Ancient Grains Production in the Northeast: 3043 views The “Ancient” Grains: Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt Webinar: 4279 views, plus an additional 2617 views of individual clips from parts of that webinar that are available separately. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Cornell: Spring planting Spring wheat trial – 24 entries, 3 replicates, 3 locations (modern and heritage lines) Spring spelt trial – 6 entries, 3 replicates, 4 locations Spring Emmer and Einkorn trial - ~ 15 – 20 entries, 3 replicates, 4 locations Pasta quality and sensory evaluation of three promising emmer varieties will take October 29-31st, 2014. Soft wheat quality and sensory evaluation will take during the winter of 2015. A statistical evaluation of variety stability and GxE interactions will be conducted and published in 2015. The results of the bread quality and sensory evaluation will be submitted to a peer reviewed publication. NDSU: To achieve goals I will continue to plant research trials to identify performance and best management practices. This will be done through comparing each crop’s performance and to determine the best varieties to plant within each crop type. Best management practices will be determined by the seeding rate and planting date trials. I will continue to grow and provide stock seed of einkorn, emmer, spelt and heritage wheat for the participants within the project. I will continue to disseminate results to the target audience by publishing data results in written and electronic media. I will serve as an information source related to the project to individual requests. I will also provide my services as a conference speaker and to speak at field tours on the specialty wheat project. I have been to give presentations at two organic conferences dealing with the ancient grains. These request came in early and were a result of previous talks given on this subject. NPSAS: We are discussing putting on another webinar in January, we are planning another half day workshop at our next winter conference next January, we have been invited to present the story of ancient grains at three conferences this winter from Wisconsin to Washington, and we will be putting on a field day next summer. We also anticipate finishing the delivery of our current videos and the youth bulletin on grains. Penn State: We will continue to conduct another series of these trials. The 2014-15 trials have been organized and planted by October 10. We will participate in webinars, field days as requested. Our plans are to conduct a field day specific to heritage grains next year. Activities planned. Conduct a webinar on dehulling on November 18. Interview remaining case studies. Develop an interview instrument and identify key stakeholders to determine the feasibility of a cooperative structure to process, distribute and market regionally produced value added grains. Interview key stakeholders to determine the need and feasibility of a cooperative. Gather budget data from other farmers, millers and vendors. Identify and interview bakers for case studies. Conduct a marketing workshop at the NOFA conference in January. Conduct the consumer experiments for willingness to pay. Prepare final reports. NOFA: During the next reporting period, we will begin planning for the upcoming 2015 field day season. In addition, planning for both the 2015 Winter and Dairy and Field Crop Conferences will take place. Greenmarket: The case study on Westwind Mill will be completed. * See below. Videos accompanying the Westwind Mill case study will be completed. Quality Evaluation of Emmer will be conducted in October 2014 GRGP will participate in the planning and execution of a Grain Expo at NOFA-NY Winter conference along with grant partners at NOFA-NY GRGP will once again work with Valley Malt and Jimmy Carbone to encourage New York State brewers to work with grains grown and malted in the Northeast at Brewer’s Choice 2015. Quality Evaluation of Soft Wheat field trials will be conducted in February 2015. Wholesale Distribution. Greenmarket Co. will build on and expand its existing customer base for local grains. Sales are again expected to double over the next year. GRGP will explore additional distribution options in order to reach a broader audience and deliver more grains to consumers and end users in the Northeast. Retail Pilot. GRGP will pilot a retail stand at several Greenmarket locations from September 17th to Thanksgiving 2014. In December we will assess the customer demand, feedback and sales figures and determine if there is capacity to maintain a retail outlet in support of grain producers that would be managed by the project. The case study on co-operatives & marketing strategies will be completed. We will continue to focus education and promotions on the ancient and heritage wheat varieties as they become commercially available. OGRIN: On-going on-farm management trials (fertility and planting rate) will be harvested and assessed in 2015. Two rotation trials involving spring emmer production have been set up and will conclude in 2015. Farm and mill case studies will be written up and videos from the case studies edited and posted on line. A video on seed cleaning will also be produced. eOrganic: Two webinars are planned for the coming year. The first one, on grain dehulling, is planned for November, 2014. There are plans for video production and articles to be published on eXtension.org, for which eOrganic will support production and review.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact: Prior to this project there was essentially no information on growing grains organically. This project has provided critical information about high value grains that is necessary for farmers who want to be able to rotate with vegetable crops under organic management systems. Crop rotation is a necessary farming practice that helps to reduce the incidence of insects, diseases, and weeds. Information gained from this project has improved farming practices and farm income by providing new markets for high-value grains grown organically. Cornell: Promising varieties of emmer and einkorn were identified from winter screening nurseries and spring trials. Field days at trial sites on the research station and on-farm allowed farmers to observe varieties in the field and to see demonstrations of dehulling equipment. Seven varieties were effectively evaluated for artisanal sourdough breadmaking and sensory attributes. NDSU: Goals achieved during this reporting period include the completion of research trials. We provided seed of emmer, einkorn, spelt, and heritage wheat for this project. A dehulling machine was purchased to determine the amount of seed that can be removed from the hull to be milled for flour. Variety trials of emmer, einkorn, and spelt were dehulled and the % reported by variety and location. NPSAS: Our goal was to get the story of ancient grains out to our target audience across the Northern Plains to increase knowledge of these crops and their market importance. We approached the audience in several different ways and were successful in passing along the information. PASA: During this reporting period, PASA successfully planned and executed three on-farm field days as well as one full-day track and two 80-minute workshops. Penn State: We conducted a series of trials with organic management including Heritage Winter Wheat and Winter Spelt. This year we used tine weeding to reduce weed pressure in our spring trials. Baker: Completed six of eight case study interviews (White Frost Farm, White Frost Farm Mill, Farmer Ground Flour, Thor Oeschner Farm, Champlain Valley Milling and Omar Beiler Farm). Prepared and published a peer reviewed paper and poster to be presented at the 2014 Organic World Congress entitled “Value Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems.” NOFA: 2014 Winter Conference Approximately 1,200 people attended the NOFA-NY Winter Conference held from January 24-26, 2014 in Saratoga Springs, NY. The conference featured a full workshop track on wheat and specialty grain crops, and there were 6 workshops and 1 full-day intensive on these topics. 2014 Organic Dairy & Field Crop Conference The 3rd annual NOFA-NY Organic Dairy & Field Crop Conference was held March 7, 2014 in Auburn, NY. The Dairy & Field Conference was attended by approximately 185 people. There were four workshops related specifically to field crops. 2014 Field Days & Equipment Demonstrations NOFA-NY hosted five field days that included equipment demonstrations during the field day season where the mobile grain unit was demonstrated. The first, “Growing Milling Quality Grains in the Hudson Valley,” was held on June 18th at Sparrowbush Farm in Hudson, NY. The second was “Reinventing the Hudson Valley Bread Basket” held on June 23rd 2014 at Migliorelli Farms in Tivoli, NY. This field day was held in conjunction with the Hudson Valley Farm Hub and Ulster County Cornell Cooperative Extension. There were 35 attendees present. The third was on July 1st, 2014 at the Cornell Thompson Research Farm in Freeville, NY. There were 20 participants in attendance. A fourth equipment demonstration took place on July 26th at a field day in Lancaster County, PA. The final equipment demonstration took place on August 5th, 2014 at Gordon Farm in Bern, NY. There were 25 people in attendance. This field day was co-sponsored by the Carey Institute as part of their Farm-to-Glass series. Another Field Day was “Myer Farm Distillers: From Field to Flask,” held on April 28th at the Myer Farm and distillery. This event allowed over 35 attendees to participate in a conversation ranging from the field to the final products of grain production. The term value added grains has become inclusive of malting and distilling potential for grains as limited markets are developing for all types of small grain production. Future work on cooperative marketing, grain processing, and quality control will eventually provide the full potential of value added grains. Greenmarket: Most of the activities listed below fall under objective #5, Exploring Multiple Strategies for accessing local and regional markets with a focus on marketing and education. Education and promotion. Greenmarket continues to educate on and promote the grains featured in this grant and “regional” grains in general. Through attending various events, workshops, conferences and panel discussions, we have reached over 1,500 farmers, chefs, bakers, processors, buyers and eaters. High profile events such as Taste Talks, Star Chef’s ICC, and The Kneading Conference have helped to reach a new audience at a national level and long time allies to the project have been recognized by the national press for the excellence of their products featuring local grains. Greenmarket Co.’s sales team began marketing Red Fife, the first Heritage Wheat that became available at a commercial scale in the Northeast, to chefs, bakers and other potential wholesale buyers. Local grains in beer and ancient grains for brewing. Local grains had their debut in the burgeoning craft brewing scene with the celebrated Brewer’s Choice event held in February 2014. The event saw brewers source 6,000 lbs of regional grain to create innovative craft beers. In addition, several breweries have been experimenting with the ancient wheats, emmer and spelt. June Russell is working with the Governor’s working group on Craft Brewing to help promote the “alternative” grains (not barley) for use in brewing beer. Heritage wheat, including Red Fife, hits the NYC market. 2014 was the first year that heritage wheat became available on a commercial scale in New York City, and Greenmarket Co. began to market and distribute Red Fife. http://www.grownyc.org/grains/news Greenmarket farmers work small grains into rotations. Several Greenmarket farmers are planting grains as cover crops to help with soil fertility, soil quality, water management, pest, disease and weed control, as well as income revenue. We are seeing an increase in acres being dedicated to growing small grains. http://www.grownyc.org/blog/cover-crops-add-sustainability-greenmarket-farm Wholesale distribution of regional grains continues to grow. In the grant year beginning September 1, 2013 and ending August 31, 2014 Greenmarket Co. sold $54,421 worth of regional grains. This is a 50% increase from the previous year. Among this figure are sales to GrowNYC’s Fresh Food Box program, a food access initiative that allows underserved communities to purchase fresh, healthy, locally-grown produce. Fresh Food Box features regional grains regularly and moved more than 1200 lbs of local grains in the past year. OGRIN: Objective 2 While farmers are interested in heritage wheat varieties such as Red Fife as value-added grains, they report reduced yield in comparison to modern varieties. To assess the effect of topdressing N on heritage wheat, a replicated trial was conducted in collaboration with farmer Kit Kelley on White Frost Farm in Washingtonville, PA on a 1-acre field of fall-planted Red Fife wheat. Objective 3 The agronomic portion of two case studies of Northeast grain growers and one miller was completed.

Publications

• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Organic Seed Growers Conference in Portland on January 31st, 2014 < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30YX8a_AJfg>
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Variety Trial Results were posted online at
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2014 Citation: A Grounded Guide to Gluten: How modern genotypes and processing impact wheat sensitivity
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Research Trial data available on NDSU:Carrington RE Center website:www.ag.ndsu.edu/CarringtonREC/
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: NDSU statewide variety trial website: www.ag.ndsu.ag/varietytrials
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Value Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems. Paper in the proceedings of the 4th ISOFAR Scientific Conference Building Organic Bridges, at the Organic World Congress 2014, 13-15 Oct., Istanbul, Turkey
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Project Photos Flickr Page: Greenmarkets Regional Grains Project flicker page hosts a collection of photo albums that document field days, workshops, and case study profiles from the project. https://www.flickr.com/photos/jruss/sets/
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: http://www.grownyc.org/grains-main http://www.grownyc.org/grains/wheretobuy Greenmarkets Regional Grains Project website now functions as a resource for those looking for information on the Northeast Grainshed with links to partners websites, technical assistance and other resources.
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Greenmarket Regional Grains Project YouTube Channel. Project staff created a YouTube channel to house the video content we are producing, including interviews with producers and instructional videos for farmers, bakers and processors: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSVboCFtpUKlQDC4x-ROW7A/featured
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Wholesale Brochure. Project staff created a brochure dedicated to wholesale clients specific to regional grains and flour with a guide to grains including detailed information on ancient and heritage wheat. http://www.grownyc.org/files/gmkt/grainsbrochure.pdf
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: webinar about ancient grains (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5yX5UtnxEk)
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: A poster was presented at the Project Directors meeting in Washington D.C. in January 2014

Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Cornell: Our target audience is very diverse and includes organic growers and grain users, grain processors that mill and produce products, distilleries, consumers that purchase specialty grains and grain products, extension agents, and the seed industry. Greenmarket manages over 100 famers markets in the New York City area which includes many racial and ethnic minorities as well as disadvantaged groups. The rural community in New York, Pennsylvania and North Dakota are well served by this project and many people in those communities need the information coming from this project to be successful in their enterprises. This project has been extremely active in communicating with the public through workshops, field days, tasting events, web sites, and webminars. The project activities and progress were reported at three field days, a NOFA-NY conference, a SARE tour and at extension agent training school. NDSU: Target audience includes farmers who plant or are considering planting value added grains. The market segments include grain buyers along with processors, millers, bakers, and end users. The project also serves individuals that want to grow specialty grains on small scale for personal use. The organic community is mainly served by this project, as this group is most acceptable of growing, marketing, and eating this type of wheat. Although the project mainly serves the organic community, conventional farmers are also being served as they are looking for growing and marketing alternatives and the ancient grains appear to be a viable alternative. Efforts made to reach audiences include oral, written and electronic forms. All research data are available on NDSU website along with the Annual Report from the Carrington Research Extension Center. An article on Ancient Grains in a recent issue of Farm Show stimulated interest from readers across the nation. Many phone calls and e-mails were answered from this publication. This press release also led to a number of seed samples being sent out for farmers/gardeners to test these wheat crops in various places of the country. Much of my time spent on outreach is on a one on one basis as I receive a growing number of requests for information on the ancient grains and heritage wheat. The audience requesting information is mainly farmers, although a number of companies that include buyers, processors, and bakers are contacting me for information related to the grains. These requests are manly phone calls and e-mails along with office visits. These requests tend to be more at a regional and national level as compared to a local level. PASA: The events coordinated by PASA during the reporting period targeted farmers and growers, both experienced and novice. The acreage of land under cultivation varied, from ten acres to several hundreds of acres. Events occurred at the 2013 Farming for the Future Conference (two workshops) and also as day long, farm-based field days (two events). Promotional tactics were modified somewhat depending on the event, and consisted of a combination of direct mailing of field day postcards (see attached) and conference brochures (available on request) (3, 500 mailed, 500+ otherwise distributed; 5, 000 mailed), printed announcements in the PASA print newsletter (3,000 printed, 2500 mailed and 500 distributed at events thus far), weekly electronic newsletters (16, 125 contacts), listservs and press releases. Announcements were also shared by partner organizations (for example, PCO {Pennsylvania Certified Organic} and PAWAgN {Pennsylvania Women in Agriculture Network}). Penn State: Our target audience is organic grain producers and their advisors, who include extension educators, extension specialists and non-government association personnel. Baker: The audience is organic and sustainable farmers, millers, bakers, academics, and consumers. NOFA: Our target audience is organic farmers. One of our primary goals has been to add value to wheat and specialty grain crops to increase their production and enhance the diversity and sustainability of organic farms. During this grant year, we have reached out to our target audience in a number of ways. One venue was our 2013 Winter Conference. We devoted an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops, which included 6 workshops and 1 intensive. In addition, during the 2013 Winter Conference we hosted a grain tasting event. The second venue was our 2013 Organic Dairy &amp; Field Crop Conference where we organized an entire workshop track to the topic of organic grains and field crops, which included 4 workshops and 1 pre-conference intensive. We also reached organic farmers through on-farm field days that took place during the 2013 season, as well as by hosting equipment demonstrations. In addition, we have provided support to organic growers who are producing wheat and specialty grain crops through our Technical Assistance hotline, through which growers receive 1-on-1 support on growing organic grains. Greenmarket: Greenmarket is primarily working on marketing and promotion for the Value Added Grains project. Target audiences are: General consumer with an emphasis on the local foods consumer Home bakers Professional bakers, chefs, and restaurateurs Retail Food outlets, particularly specialty grocery stores. Farmers, including Greenmarket Farmers Entrepreneurs working in the food and beverage industry who are using grains to produce products. Mills, breweries, bakeries, distilleries, pasta makers, etc. Local, regional and national food media OGRIN: For the Value-Added Grains Project, OGRIN works primarily with organic growers, grain processors, and bakers. Please see products and accomplishments sections below for efforts made to reach these audiences. Changes/Problems: NDSU: Planting winter spelt into no-till seed beds was a problem. I have had problems with winter spelt and crop failures possibly due to seeding method and seedbed. I have been planting the winter spelt into untilled flax stubble. Performance has been poor with heavy weed pressure and ultimately stands that needed to be terminated, therefore a crop failure. As a result of this problem, this year I planted the winter spelt into tilled ground that led to better fall stands with better growth going into the winter. I hope this will solve the problem of poor performance of organic winter spelt in ND. PASA: Other than needing to amend the 2013 field day schedule to push an October event into November, based on the likelihood that farmers would be busy at harvest and planting, thus influencing attendance, as well as the strain on the host farm, there have been no major changes or problems in the approach to this project. Rebecca Robertson, who worked as PASA Farm Based Education Coordinator during the initial stages of this project, resigned in August of 2013. Susan Beal, PASA&rsquo;s Agricultural Science Advisor and Interim Farm-Based Education Coordinator, has acquired the responsibilities for a portion of this project. She also works with Kristin Hoy, PASA Conference Coordinator, assisting Kristin in the development and planning of conference programming. Penn State: Our main challenge has been to achieve necessary weed control in spring planted organic grains. We will try to overcome this with the use of cover crops, tillage and tine weeding. Or we may consider a conventionally managed trial to obtain some usable results. We have also lagged in the development of on farm trials, but we are networking with OGRIN to determine suitable cooperators and research topics. This delay could be good as our research is now generating some conclusions that we can take to the farms for verification. Baker: Marketing studies were predicated on trial varieties being grown in sufficient quantities for the sensory analysis to take place. The market research has been delayed one year and will involve only one year of data instead of two. Money for the marketing study has been reallocated to the case studies. While there was money in the budget to provide honoraria for farmers for the case studies, there was no money for millers. Miller participation will be enhanced by receiving honoraria. As consumer level market research was delayed and reduced, the case study group (Elizabeth Dyck, June Russell, and myself) determined that bakers also are deserving of case studies. As bakers will be the final gatekeepers between farmers and final consumers in many cases, their preferences and quality requirements are likely to be big drivers of demand. Bakers will be the ones to set the price points for bread and flour, and their willingness to pay a premium for flour from heritage, heirloom and ancient grains&mdash;as well as for new breeds. Secondary markets are likely to make a difference between profitable and unprofitable operations. The ability to identify and develop secondary markets for value added products besides bread wheat is another aspect to be pursued in the marketing study. Greenmarket: The bulk of our budget was planned around conducting yearly intensive educational events and tastings. Funds were allocated under general &ldquo;materials and supplies&rdquo; to cover the production costs of these events. We have not conducted these tastings each year because we have not yet had the grains to work with. We requested to re-allocate funds from &ldquo;materials and supplies&rdquo; to video processing hardware and software. The budget originally included only $500 for video equipment. In order to edit the videos we are obligated to do in the grant, we will need editing software and a computer with a processor that has the capacity to do video editing. These changes were approved and we have purchased the necessary equipment. Case studies originally planned to be completed in years 1 &amp; 2 will be completed in years 3 &amp; 4. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? NDSU: Accomplishments in disseminating results to the target audience were fulfilled through a number of ways including oral settings. Most time was spent in one-on-one or small group settings. Most information requests were phone calls or e-mails, or office visits. These requests took a substantial amount of time as each request generally required an hour or more. Giving talks at conferences and field tours aided in disseminating project results. Finally publishing project data accomplished getting the results to the target audience. Publishing data on the internet reached a national audience with interest in the ancient grains, while annual reports reached a local audience with interest. PASA: Although the event has not yet occurred, there has been a request from an agriculture reporter and free-lance journalist to attend the November 5, 2013 event. If the past field-day-based articles written by this individual are any indication, I expect to see a thorough and accurate &ndash; and widely disseminated &ndash; article based on the information provided on that day. Penn State 3. We developed some network of organic grain growers in the region and have exchanged information on varieties and management. We feel our presence in the media will help to position us as a credible information source in this area. We have strengthened our relationship with OGRIN as well, and this relationship has been invaluable. Baker: I attended workshop on value added grains at the NOFA-NY Annual Conference on January 26. Actively participated as an audience member. Met with David Benscher and Michael Davis regarding production challenges. I made presentations at field days at Cherry Creek (Chautauqua County) July 8, Hudson (Columbia County) July 10, and Trumansburg (Tompkins County), August 20. I participated in the New World Foundation&rsquo;s Reviving Grains in the Hudson Valley on August 15. I reported to the attendees on the project and received considerable interest. NOFA: We alerted our target audience about project results through E-news and through our quarterly magazine, New York Organic News articles. Through these means, we have reached approximately 10,000 people. Greenmarket: Participation in conferences, workshops, and panel discussions reached over 1,000 people. Promotional events at various Greenmarket locations reach hundreds of thousands of consumers throughout the year. Outreach to wholesale buyers. Greenmarket Co. sales team has conducted outreach to chefs, bakers, institutions and other potential wholesale grain buyers. Greenmarket Co has called on more than thirty different potential buyers, bringing them samples of spelt, emmer and other regional grain products and educating them on the unique qualities and benefits of these grains. Over the past eight months we have sold over $30,000 worth of regional grains to New York City establishments. Grains Blog on the GrowNYC website. Articles and updates on key topics and events. &lt;&lt;http://www.grownyc.org/blog/tags/grains&gt;&gt;. The GrowNYC website had over 2,500,000 page views in the last year according to Google analytics. This general number would include exposure to blog postings, which are on the home page of the GrowNYC website. Three pages relating specifically to the grains project were viewed at roughly 1,000 views each over the past year. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page. 170 followers: &lt;&lt;https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject&gt;&gt; OGRIN: Results of variety trials and observational studies were presented to an audience of ~40 participants at the NOFA summer conference workshop. Management strategies (including use of scale-appropriate equipment) were discussed with over 60 participants at two field days. Over 75 participants learned about wheat and ancient grain management in the project webinar. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? NDSU: Accomplishments in disseminating results to the target audience were fulfilled through a number of ways including oral settings. Most time was spent in one-on-one or small group settings. Most information requests were phone calls or e-mails, or office visits. These requests took a substantial amount of time as each request generally required an hour or more. Giving talks at conferences and field tours aided in disseminating project results. Finally publishing project data accomplished getting the results to the target audience. Publishing data on the internet reached a national audience with interest in the ancient grains, while annual reports reached a local audience with interest. PASA: Although the event has not yet occurred, there has been a request from an agriculture reporter and free-lance journalist to attend the November 5, 2013 event. If the past field-day-based articles written by this individual are any indication, I expect to see a thorough and accurate &ndash; and widely disseminated &ndash; article based on the information provided on that day. Penn State 3. We developed some network of organic grain growers in the region and have exchanged information on varieties and management. We feel our presence in the media will help to position us as a credible information source in this area. We have strengthened our relationship with OGRIN as well, and this relationship has been invaluable. Baker: I attended workshop on value added grains at the NOFA-NY Annual Conference on January 26. Actively participated as an audience member. Met with David Benscher and Michael Davis regarding production challenges. I made presentations at field days at Cherry Creek (Chautauqua County) July 8, Hudson (Columbia County) July 10, and Trumansburg (Tompkins County), August 20. I participated in the New World Foundation&rsquo;s Reviving Grains in the Hudson Valley on August 15. I reported to the attendees on the project and received considerable interest. NOFA: We alerted our target audience about project results through E-news and through our quarterly magazine, New York Organic News articles. Through these means, we have reached approximately 10,000 people. Greenmarket: Participation in conferences, workshops, and panel discussions reached over 1,000 people. Promotional events at various Greenmarket locations reach hundreds of thousands of consumers throughout the year. Outreach to wholesale buyers. Greenmarket Co. sales team has conducted outreach to chefs, bakers, institutions and other potential wholesale grain buyers. Greenmarket Co has called on more than thirty different potential buyers, bringing them samples of spelt, emmer and other regional grain products and educating them on the unique qualities and benefits of these grains. Over the past eight months we have sold over $30,000 worth of regional grains to New York City establishments. Grains Blog on the GrowNYC website. Articles and updates on key topics and events. &lt;&lt;http://www.grownyc.org/blog/tags/grains&gt;&gt;. The GrowNYC website had over 2,500,000 page views in the last year according to Google analytics. This general number would include exposure to blog postings, which are on the home page of the GrowNYC website. Three pages relating specifically to the grains project were viewed at roughly 1,000 views each over the past year. Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook page. 170 followers: &lt;&lt;https://www.facebook.com/GreenmarketRegionalGrainsProject&gt;&gt; OGRIN: Results of variety trials and observational studies were presented to an audience of ~40 participants at the NOFA summer conference workshop. Management strategies (including use of scale-appropriate equipment) were discussed with over 60 participants at two field days. Over 75 participants learned about wheat and ancient grain management in the project webinar. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Cornell Spring planting Spring wheat trial &ndash; 24 entries, 3 replicates, 3 locations (modern and heritage lines) Spring spelt trial &ndash; 6 entries, 3 replicates, 4 locations Spring Emmer and Einkorn trial - ~ 15 &ndash; 20 entries, 3 replicates, 4 locations Spring seed increase &ndash; 10 &ndash; 20 lines for milling and baking and on-farm trials NDSU: To achieve goals, I will continue to plant research trials to identify performance and best management practices. This will be done through comparing each crop&rsquo;s performance and to determine the best varieties to plant within each crop type. Best management practices will be determined by the seeding rate and planting date trials. I will continue to grow and provide stock seed of einkorn, emmer, spelt and heritage wheat for the participants within the project. I will continue to disseminate results to the target audience by publishing data results in written and electronic media. I will serve as an information source related to the project to individual requests. I will also provide my services as a conference speaker and to speak at field tours on the specialty wheat project. PASA: upcoming events include: PASA Farm Based Education field days: Harvesting and Processing Value-Added Grains for Local Markets, White Frost Farm, Montour County, PA, November 5, 2013, &lt;&lt;https://grains-processing-oct15.eventbrite.com&gt;&gt;. PASA Farm Based Education Programming for 2014 will include one to two field days in 2014 Farming for the Future Conference 2014: Two workshops are planned for this event, held in State College, PA February 5 - 8, 2014. Penn State: We plan to repeat the same trials we conducted in 2012/13 and will plant in fall 2013 and spring 2014. Harvest will occur in summer 2014. We plan to assist in outreach activities associated with the project as needed. Baker: Interview case studies Continue to gather budget data Work with the two pilot dehuller projects to estimate the payback cost and net present value of the prototype dehullers Identify and interview bakers for case studies Participate in the sensory training to determine what parameters need to be captured in the hedonic model for consumer demand Prepare the consumer behavioral experiment to look at consumer preferences and willingness to pay a premium for the varieties that are being trialed Draft a paper for presentation at various conferences Discuss with eOrganic about a possible webinar NOFA: During the next reporting period, we will begin planning for the upcoming 2014 field day season. In addition, planning for the 2014 Winter and Dairy and Field Crop Conferences will take place. Greenmarket: The case study on Westwind Mill will be completed. Videos accompanying the Westwind Mill case study will be completed. Quality Analysis of 2013 field trials will be conducted in January 2014 Wholesale distribution of grains will resume. We will begin marketing Red Fife, the first Heritage Wheat available at a commercial scale. We will continue to work with key taste makers to develop products made with emmer, spelt and einkorn. This includes chefs, bakers, pasta makers, brewers and distillers. Outreach to institutions serving low-income communities with an emphasis on nutritional benefits of whole grains. Work on the co-operatives case studies will commence. We will be meeting with the sub group (Brian Baker, Elizabeth Dyck), working on case studies to determine the work plan and timeline. The section of the GrowNYC website devoted to the Grains project is currently under reconstruction. Updates on the Value Added Grains project and our grant partners will be available here. http://www.grownyc.org/grains. OGRIN: The spring planting date and planting rates studies will be repeated on farm in 2014. The bulking of necessary quantities of seed will allow on-farm trials of winter heritage wheat varieties and their management to begin in 2014. An additional two farm cases studies and two mill case studies will be completed in 2014. A shortcourse on baking with local grains will be held near Ithaca, NY, in November 2013. Two additional baking shortcourses will be held at different locations in 2014. A field day demonstrating small-scale dehulling equipment will be held in November 2013 in central PA. A milling shortcourse is being planned for February 2014.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Cornell: Promising varieties of emmer and einkorn were identified from winter screening nurseries and spring trials. Field days at trial sites on the research station and on-farm allowed farmers to observe varieties in the field and to see demonstrations of small-scale equipment. Through on-farm experiments and demonstrations, farmers and project participants have documented that high-quality wheat can be grown organically in the Northeast. Informational requests from farmers interested in growing grains for value-added projects are increasing, and we are seeing strong growth in interest from millers, bakers, brewers and distillers that would like to use regional grains. This indicates that there is interest in value-added small grains and a ready market. Some farmers who have spoken with team presenters are already growing existing varieties of emmer and einkorn. Clearly this project addresses an area of interest for organic farming stakeholders. The eOrganic workspace has helped team members to stay abreast of events and developments and enhances our outreach. NDSU: Goals achieved during this reporting period include the completion of the previously listed research trials. Along with small plot research, another goal is to provide seed of emmer, einkorn, spelt, and heritage wheat for this project. Seed raised for the project this year again yielded well and was of good quality. PASA: The activities reported in the previous section have fulfilled the goals and obligations of this funding. These events have been attracting attendees from different backgrounds and experience, and have been well attended (fifty plus at the field days, over fifty at each of the conference sessions). The attendees show interest and attentiveness, and are curious and engaged during the events. Penn State: We completed the heritage wheat, ancient grains, seeding rate, and fertility trials. We have gained much experience in organic grain production in terms of fertility and weed control. Our winter grain trials had good yields and grain quality. Disease pressure varied among entries. In our spring trials, emergence was variable and we had heavy weed pressure. Baker: Prepared survey instrument. Completed the consent form. Identified potential farmers, millers, and other cooperators for case studies. Met with counterparts working on related projects, including production economists and marketing specialists. Collected budget data. Conducted literature review. Identified and tested appropriate software to perform analyses. Conducted first farm interview. NOFA: 2013 Winter Conference Approximately 1,100 people attended the NOFA-NY Winter Conference held from January 25-27, 2013 in Saratoga Springs, NY. This year the opening reception included a wheat and grain tasting co-sponsored with project partner Greenmarket. The conference featured a full workshop track on wheat and specialty grain crops, and there were 6 workshops on these topics. 2013 Organic Dairy &amp; Field Crop Conference The 2nd annual NOFA-NY Organic Dairy &amp; Field Crop Conference was held March 1, 2013 in Auburn, NY. The conference was preceded by a full day short course on grain cleaning and seed production. The Dairy &amp; Field Conference was attended by approximately 160 people. There were four workshops related specifically to field crops Discovering Value in Your Cereal Grains. 2013 Field Days &amp; Equipment Demonstrations NOFA-NY hosted two field days that included equipment demonstrations during the field day season where the mobile grain unit was demonstrated. The first was on July 8, 2013 at Roots &amp; Wings Family Farm in Cherry Creek, NY. The farm field tour included discussion of seeding rates, tillage, disease assessment and threshing and grain cleaning demonstrations. The second equipment demonstration took place on August 23, 2013 at Sto Ridge Dairy Farm in Cazenovia, NY. The field day included a demonstration of the project&rsquo;s mobile seed cleaning unit. Robert Perry of NOFA-NY presented on the OREI project and provided information on small-scale small grain production Other field days included &ldquo;Wheat for the Personal Homestead&rdquo; at Edge Brook Acres in Wilton, NY. Another field day was &ldquo;Organic Grains Quality, Mill to Market&rdquo; at Farmer Ground Flour Mill in Trumansburg, NY on August 20, 2013. Afterwards, Robert Perry and the grain farmers talked about the technical aspects of growing the grain. Overall Observations from 2013 Accomplishments In terms of findings, we have learned through this process that one of the biggest hurdles is addressing issues of scale, particularly when it comes to scale appropriate equipment. We have learned that it would be easier to have a smaller piece of equipment that is more portable to take to on farm demonstrations. Greenmarket: Education and promotion. Greenmarket continues to educate and promote the grains featured in this grant, as well as &ldquo;regional&rdquo; grains in general. Through attending various events, workshops, conferences and panel discussions we have reached over 1,000 people. Through various cooking demonstrations and promotions at our markets we reach hundreds of thousands of people throughout the year. Articles and blog posts on the GrowNYC website and the Greenmarket Regional Grains Project Facebook Page also reach thousands of consumers. Target audience: General consumer, local regional and national food media. What is Emmer? This year, in particular we have focused on promoting and educating on the grain emmer. Emmer is now in production and available to consumers in the Northeast region so we want to be building the market as the supply increases on the farm side. Ancient Grains for Brewing. Working with Valley Malt, a micro-malting facility in Hadley, MA Greenmarket was able to develop an emmer beer made with malted emmer grain grown by Small Valley Milling in Halifax, PA. This was used as an introduction of the ancient grains to the beer making community on Heritage Radio&rsquo;s Beer Sessions in August of 2013: &lt;&lt;http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/episodes/4573-Beer-Sessions-Radio-Episode-176-Local-Grains-&gt;&gt;. We are working with several other key players in the New York beer community (Jimmy Carbone of Food Karma Projects and Jimmy&rsquo;s 43, Kelly Taylor of KelSo Beer and Garrett Oliver of the Brooklyn Brewery) to experiment with and develop beer made with the ancient grains. The eOrganic webinar &ldquo;The Ancient Grains Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt&rdquo;. The webinar has been viewed by over 1,400 viewers. The rise of micro-bakeries. Greenmarket has been working for several years now with a few &ldquo;micro-bakeries&rdquo; who are using regional grain. In 2013 the trend towards micro-bakeries was covered by the Wall Street Journal: &lt;&lt;http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323977304579001100897623112.html&gt;&gt;. Ancient grains and heritage wheat as an allergy-reducing alternative to commodity wheat. Consumers who have gluten sensitivity and allergies have shown a great deal of interest in the ancient grains and heritage wheat as possible alternatives to ubiquitous commodity wheat. More research on the dietary impact of the ancient grains is certainly called for. Wholesale distribution pilot. The distribution pilot is off to a great start. OGRIN: To compare performance of heritage and modern spring wheat varieties, a replicated trial was conducted in collaboration with farmer Rodney Graham on Oxbow Farm near Hunt, NY (western NY) utilizing a five-acre field. To assess the effect of planting rate on spring emmer performance, a replicated trial was conducted with grower Ron Springer on his farm near Van Etten, NY (Southern Tier NY) utilizing an acre section of a ten acre field. The agronomic and video portion of two case studies of North Dakota emmer growers was completed.

Publications

• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: VALUE ADDED GRAINS FOR LOCAL AND REGIONAL FOOD SYSTEMS. Organic PD Workshop, October 3,4 2012 http://www.csrees.usda.gov/organicagriculture.cfm
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Management for High-Quality Organic Wheat and Ancient Grain Production in the Northeast, by David Benscher, Cornell; Greg Roth, Penn State; and Elizabeth Dyck, OGRIN. eOrganic Webinar
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Research Trial Data published in: A report of Agricultural Research and Education in Central North Dakota, NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center, December 2012, Volume 53 and www.ag.ndsu.ag/varietytrials
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: For Amber Waves of Grain: Value-Added Grains for Local and Regional Food Systems by Maya Althouse, Passages: Sustainable Food and Farming Systems, No 103, July/August 2013, cover story
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Frankferd Farms: Adding Value to Small Grains Production and a Solar-Powered Flour Mill by Jackie Cleary, Passages: Sustainable Food and Farming Systems, No 100, January/February 2013, pp 22
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: eOrganic webinar The Ancient Grains Emmer, Einkorn and Spelt: <>

Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Activities: The organizations involved in this project are Cornell Dept. of Plant Breeding & Genetics (CUPBG), Greenmarket NYC (GNMKT), North Dakota State Univ. (NDSU), Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Society (NPSAS), Northeast Organic Farming Assoc. of New York (NOFA-NY), Organic Growers Research and Information Network (OGRIN), Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture (PASA), Pennsylvania State Univ. (PSU). Small grains provide multiple benefits to organic farms, but are often underutilized because of their relatively low economic value compared to other organic crops such as fresh market vegetables. This project aims to add value in multiple ways to wheat and specialty grain crops to enhance the diversity and sustainability of organic farms. Our specific objectives are to: 1) evaluate heritage wheat and spelt varieties and landraces of emmer and einkorn for adaptability to organic management and desirable grain and baking characteristics 2) develop best management practices for heritage wheat, emmer, spelt, and einkorn 3) optimize grain quality through improved management 4) investigate approaches to grain dehulling and milling that will work for small and larger-scale growers 5) explore multiple strategies for accessing local and regional markets. CUPBG and PSU evaluated 5 spelt, 39 heritage and modern winter wheat varieties and 22 heritage and modern spring wheat varieties at 2 organic farms in NY. NDSU trials included winter spelt, spring wheat, Emmer, and Emmer seeding rate. Included in were 117 emmer accessions, 97 einkorn, 67 spring spelt accessions. OGRIN conducted spring wheat and emmer trials at 2 locations and 2 planting dates. OGRIN developed a pre-survey that collected stakeholder contact information and documented current level of involvement in grain production, processing, and marketing. Events: CUPBG, OGRIN, and PASA facilitated 3 consumer preference tastings at Freeville field day, PASA conference and Doylestown workshop. OGRIN and PSU gave a day-long "Value-Added Small Grain Production & Marketing," workshop. OGRIN gave presentations at 2 field days. GNMKT conducted 6 consumer tastings. NDSU and NPSAS gave 3 workshops a Field Day and a Specialty Wheat Tour. NOFA-NY coordinated 8 organic field days, planned 6 conference workshops, planned and coordinated 2 farm visits for equipment demos, assembled the Mobile-Processing Unit and identified two communities for pre-evaluation. PSU participated in two field meetings, and a field tour at Rock Springs, PA. The Advisory Board conducted three conference calls and four meetings to discuss and plan past, current, and future activities. Products: PSU http://www.facebook.com/SmallValleyMilling OGRIN www.ogrin.org NPSAS FBC video introducing the project on YouTube which has had over 200 hits: www.youtube.com/watchv=R_2AsmGlOLI&feature=g-upl Lancaster Farming Newspaper http://www.lancasterfarming.com/Research-Supports-Growing-Interest-in -Wheat- CUPBG - Cornell Small Grains Variety Trial Results NOFA-NY developed a mobile processing unit for processing specialty grains. OGRIN Through conferences, workshops and field days 185 surveys have been collected to date. PARTICIPANTS: Program Staff: Brian Baker, Executive Director, Institute for Sustainability, Alfred State College, Alfred, NY 14802. Ph. 607-587-4744. bakerbp@alfredstate.edu Mike Davis, Research Agronomist, Cornell E.V. Baker Research Farm, 48 Sayward Lane, Willsboro, NY 12996. Ph. (518) 963-7499. mhd11@cornell.edu Elizabeth Dyck, Coordinator, Organic Growers' Research and Information-Sharing Network, 1124 County Rd 38, Bainbridge, NY 13733. Ph. 607-895-6913. edyck@ogrin.org Frank Kutka, Farm Breeder Club Manager, Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture Society, 1041 State Ave, Dickinson ND 58601. Ph. (701) 483-2348, ext 113. dakotacornman@yahoo.com Kate Mendenhall, Executive Director, Northeast Organic Farming Assoc. of New York, Inc. (NOFA-NY), 249 Highland Ave., Rochester, NY 14620. Ph. (585) 271-1979. director@nofany.org Rebecca Robertson, Farm-Based Education Coordinator, Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture (PASA), 114 West Main Street, Millheim, PA 16854. Ph. (814) 349-9856. Rebecca@pasafarming.org Greg Roth, Professor of Agronomy, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, 116 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802. Ph. (814) 863-1018. gwr@psu.edu June Russell, Farm Inspections Manager, Greenmarket, CENYC. 51 Chambers Street, Room 228, New York, New York 10007. Ph. (212) 341-2320. jrussell@greenmarket.grownyc.org Mark E. Sorrells, Professor of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 240 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1902. Ph. (607) 255-2180. mes12@cornell.edu Alexandra Stone, Vegetable Cropping Systems Specialist, Dept of Horticulture, Oregon State University, 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97330. Ph. 541 602 4676. alexandra.g.stone@gmail.com Steve Zwinger, Research Specialist, Agronomy, North Dakota State University, 663 Hwy. 281 N., PO Box 219, Carrington, ND 58421-0219. Ph. (701) 652-2951. steve.zwinger@ndsu.edu Advisory Committee: Sam Sherman President, Champlain Valley Milling, Inc. PO Box 454 Westport, NY 12993 518-962-4711 Luke Stodola Small World Bakery 972 S. Plymouth Ave. Rochester, NY 14608 585 563 9018 Roberta Strickler Daisy Flour PO Box 299 Lancaster, PA 17608-0299 717-394-6843 Joel and Eric Steigman Owners, Small Valley Milling 1188 Mountain House Road Halifax, PA 17032 717-362-9850 Thor Oechsner Owner, Oechsner Farm 1045 Trumbulls Corner Rd Newfield, NY 14867 607-564-7701 Nigel Tudor Owner, Weatherbury Farm 1061 Sugar Run Road Avella, PA 15312 TARGET AUDIENCES: Our target audience is very diverse and includes organic growers and grain users, grain processors that mill and produce products, distilleries, consumers that purchase specialty grains and grain products, extension agents, and the seed industry. Greenmarket manages over 100 famers markets in the New York City area which includes many racial and ethnic minorities as well as disadvantaged groups. The rural community in New York, Pennsylvania and North Dakota are well served by this project and many people in those communities need the information coming from this project to be successful in their enterprises. This project has been extremely active in communicating with the public through workshops, field days, tasting events, web sites, and webminars. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: The sensory evaluations were delayed until 2013 due to insufficient seed of some of the varieties to make some of the products.

Impacts
Promising varieties of emmer and einkorn were identified from winter screening nurseries and spring trials. A replicated on-farm trial assessed relative performance of spring wheat versus spring emmer at early (optimum) and late planting dates. Spring wheat exhibited a lower relative yield loss due to late planting (51%) than did spring emmer (68%). A replicated on-farm trial on top-dressing hard red winter wheat with N fertilizers permissible under NOP standards showed that wheat top-dressed with either Chilean nitrate or blood meal at late boot stage had protein contents over 1% higher than wheat that was untreated. Field days at trial sites on the research station and on-farm allowed farmers to observe varieties in the field and to see demonstrations of small-scale equipment. Through on-farm experiments and demonstrations, farmers and project participants have documented that high-quality wheat can be grown organically in the Northeast and the Dakotas. The organization of grain buying clubs has allowed organic growers to access organically grown, high-quality modern hard red wheat varieties, spring emmer, and heritage varieties. In collaboration with growers, fact sheets have been developed on basic aspects of organic grain management that can be expanded and enriched by the project's ongoing findings. Informational requests from farmers interested in growing grains for value-added projects are increasing, and we are seeing strong growth in interest from millers, bakers, brewers and distillers that would like to use regional grains. Lessons learned from this project should benefit the development of other locally grown food grains including oats, barley, corn, buckwheat, and quinoa. At this point, Greenmarket has been most effective through the general consumer tastings. They have created a great deal of attention and enthusiasm for specialty grains by presenting these grains as options for the consumer, placing them into the common vocabulary and introducing taste and variety as valuable components of consumer choice. NDSU outreach to stakeholders (farmers, processors) has been well received and all presentations have been well attended. This indicates that there is interest in value-added small grains and a ready market. Some farmers who have spoken with team presenters are already growing existing varieties of emmer and einkorn and they have many questions concerning management and marketing of these grains. Clearly this project addresses an area of interest for organic farming stakeholders. The eOrganic workspace has helped team members to stay abreast of events and developments. This space offers an easy way to get information to researchers and others interested in organic agriculture and enhances our outreach over what we have done by direct presentations and other social media.

Publications

• No publications reported this period