Progress 07/01/11 to 06/30/16
Outputs Target Audience:The direct target audiences are users of satellite-based remote sensing processes that utilize gridded weather data such as NLDAS, GLDAS and CFSV2 to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET) that is used to both operate the energy balance process and to interpret ET in between satellite visits to account for effects of weather on ET rates. The gridded weather data sets require bias correction for aridity impacts via the developed conditioning processes. Other direct target audiences are users of point weather station data that are collected in dry settings such as from RAWS stations and many western airports. Those data sets benefit from conditioning prior to estimating reference ET and subsequently crop ET using crop coefficients. Indirect target audiences are users of ET and consumptive use information that is developed using the conditioned gridded and point weather data sets. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Five training courses on the use of the METRIC software for producing spatial ET maps from satellite imagery have been offered in the western US over the past 5 years. Those courses include description of gridded weather data sets, how to handle the data, where to access it, and how to evaluate the data for the need for conditioning. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Computational procedures and computer code have been transferred to our collaborators at the Desert Research Institute (J. Huntington and others) and they have implemented the code in python for running on the NASA Nexus cloud computing system and on Google Earth Engine. DRI has also conducted additional testing of the conditioning. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
The upward bias of air temperature and downward bias of dewpoint temperature in NARR and NLDAS data sets has been demonstrated by comparing to ground-based point agricultural weather stations located in relatively well-watered settings. NLDAS, GLDAS, CFSV2 and GridMet gridded weather data sets are available on the Google Earth Engine. Those data are assessable from the Earth Engine playground and via web-based calls using python code.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Li, H., Shen, Y., Yang, P., Zhao, W., Allen, R.G., Shao, H. and Lei, Y., 2015. Calculation of albedo on complex terrain using MODIS data: a case study in Taihang Mountain of China. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74(7), pp.6315-6324.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Kilic, A., Allen, R., Trezza, R., Ratcliffe, I., Kamble, B., Robison, C., & Ozturk, D. (2016). Sensitivity of evapotranspiration retrievals from the METRIC processing algorithm to improved radiometric resolution of Landsat 8 thermal data and to calibration bias in Landsat 7 and 8 surface temperature. Remote Sensing of Environment, 185, 198-209.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ortega-Far�as, S., Ortega-Salazar, S., Poblete, T., Kilic, A., Allen, R., Poblete-Echeverr�a, C., ... & Sep�lveda, D. (2016). Estimation of Energy Balance Components over a Drip-Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal and Multispectral Cameras Placed on a Helicopter-Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Remote Sensing, 8(8), 638.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Hendrickx, J. M., Allen, R. G., Brower, A., Byrd, A. R., Hong, S. H., Ogden, F. L., ... & Umstot, T. G. (2016). Benchmarking Optical/Thermal Satellite Imagery for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture in Decision Support Tools. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 52(1), 89-119.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Tasumi, M., Kimura, R., Allen, R. G., Moriyama, M., & Trezza, R. (2016). Development of the GCOM-C global ET index estimation algorithm. ????, 72(2), 85-94.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Huntington, J., K. McGwire, C. Morton, K. Snyder, S. Peterson, T. Erickson, R. Niswonger, R. Carroll, G. Smith, and R. Allen. (2016). "Assessing the role of climate and resource management on groundwater dependent ecosystem changes in arid environments with the Landsat archive." Remote Sensing of Environment 185:186-197.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Dhungel, R., Allen, R. G., & Trezza, R. (2016). Improving iterative surface energy balance convergence for remote sensing based flux calculation. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 10(2), 026033-026033.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs Target Audience:Idaho Department of Water Resources California State Water Resources Control Board US Geological Survey NASA Google, Inc. Irrigation Districts and State water resources management departments Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have provided two week long training courses on the METRIC evapotranspiration software that includes lectures and training on conditioning needs of gridded weather data products and handling and application of weather data products. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have reported progress to the American Society of Civil Engineers Committee on evapotranspiration in irrigation and hydrology. We have provided descriptions of the process to Google, Inc. as part of our implementation onto the Google Earth Engine. We have given presentations at the ASCE, ASABE and American Society of Agronomy meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Complete programming of automated conditioning code.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress has been made toward an automated conditioning system that can recognize the relative dryness of the surface and then select the degree of conditioning of weather data that is required. We are using complementary theory and MODIS satellite imagery to rate the background, ambient evapotranspiration occurring from the surface. Based on those estimates, we increase the surface ET flux and recompute temperature, humidity and wind profiles.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Pereira, L. S., Allen, R. G., Smith, M., and Raes, D. (2015). Crop evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: Past and future. Agricultural Water Management, 147, 4-20.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Reuter, D. C., C. M. Richardson, F. A. Pellerano, J. R. Irons, R. G. Allen, M. Anderson, M. D. Jhabvala, A. W. Lunsford, Montanaro, M., Smith, R.L. and Tesfaye, Z., 2015 "The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on Landsat 8: Design overview and pre-launch characterization." Remote Sensing 7(1):1135-1153.
- Type:
Books
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Jensen, M.E. and R.G. Allen (ed.). 2015. Evaporation, Evapotranspiration and Irrigation Water Requirements. American Society of Civil Engineers Manuals on Engineering Practice, no. 70, 2nd edition. 690 p.
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs Target Audience: State departments of water resources; US Bureau of Reclamation; US Geological Survey; Private Consulting companies involved in make water consumption assessments; USDA-NRCS to monitor and document water consumption from agriculture. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? We have collaborated with the US Bureau of Reclamation and with NOAA on adopting a weather conditioning and reference ET computation process into their operations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? We have collaborated with the US Bureau of Reclamation and with NOAA on adopting a weather conditioning and reference ET computation process into their operations. We have reported progress to the American Society of Civil Engineers Committee on evapotranspiration in irrigation and hydrology. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Complete programming of automated conditioning code.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Progress has been made toward an automated conditioning system that can recognize the relative dryness of the surface and then select the degree of conditioning of weather data that is required.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Taylor, N. J., W. Mahohoma, J. T. Vahrmeijer, M. B. Gush, R.G. Allen, J. G. Annandale. 2014. Crop coefficient approaches based on fixed estimates of leaf resistance are not appropriate for estimating water use of citrus. Irrigation Science 1-14
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Dhungel, R., Richard G. Allen, Ricardo Trezza, Clarence W. Robison. 2014. Comparison of Latent Heat Flux Using Aerodynamic Methods and Using the PenmanMonteith Method with Satellite-Based Surface Energy Balance. Remote Sensing 6:8844-8877.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
P��as, Isabel, Teresa A. Pa�o, M�rio Cunha, Jos� A. Andrade, Jos� Silvestre, Ad�lia Sousa, Francisco L. Santos, Lu�s S. Pereira, Richard G. Allen. 2014. Satellite-based evapotranspiration of a super-intensive olive orchard: Application of METRIC algorithms. Biosystems Engineering 128:69-81.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Roy, David P., M.A. Wulder, T.R. Loveland, C.E. Woodcock, R.G. Allen, M.C. Anderson, D. Helder, J.R. Irons, D.M. Johnson, R. Kennedy, [......], V. Kovalskyy, P.Z. Lee, L. Lymburner, J.G. Masek, J. McCorkel, Y. Shuai, R. Trezza, J. Vogelmann, R.H. Wynne, Z. Zhu. 2014. Landsat-8: science and product vision for terrestrial global change research. Remote Sensing of Environment 145:154-172.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hendrickx, J.; Allen, R.; Brower, A.; Hong, S.; Ogden, F. Trezza, R.; Nawa, P.; Robison, C.; Toll, D.; Wilson, J.. 2014. Benchmarking Optical/Thermal Satellite Imagery for Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture in Decision Support Tools. J. Am. Water Resources Assoc. (JAWRA). (in press).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Hong, S.-H., J. M. H. Hendrickx, J. Kleissl, R. G. Allen, W. G. M. Bastiaanssen, R. L. Scott, and A. L. Steinwand. 2014. Evaluation of an extreme-condition-inverse calibration remote sensing model for mapping energy balance fluxes in arid riparian areas. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11, 13479-13539,
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs Target Audience: Professionals who produce estimates of evapotranspiration and water consumption of irrigation water by vegetation. Scientists and professionals who employ satellite-based remote sensing. Consulting engineers, university students, federal and state government agencies involved in water resources management and research. Users of irrigation scheduling programs that may use estimates of water consumption based on weather data, users of gridded weather data sets that may not reflect well-watered environments, but who require estimates of ET from well-watered agricultural conditions; modelers of climate change impacts on crop water requirements. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training courses on METRIC remote sensing of ET (Twin Falls, ID, Feb. 2013); Training course on applying reference ET methods and crop coefficients using gridded weather data and assessment of needs to condition weather data (Boulder, CO, March 2013). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? training courses; presentations at the American Society of Agronomy meeting; presentation at the American Meteorological society; presentation to the USGS/NASA Landsat Science Team What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Finish the development of computer code that can be operated with little or no human intervention, regarding the decision on whether weather data require adjustment via the conditioning process.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
A procedure has been coded and is being test to adjust measured air temperature, humidity and wind speed data from weather stations or to adjust data from gridded weather data sets such as NLDAS and NARR data sets to compensate for collection or ingestion of data collected in dry, nonirrigated settings so that the date better reflect values that would be expected to occur under irrigated conditions. So far, results look promising. Inputs to the process are precipitation and estimated irrigation. The estimation of irrigation is somewhat difficult. Research is being conducted to determine if the process can be trained to recognize when data are collected in a well-watered setting without knowledge of irrigation inputs.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Allen, R.G., B. Burnett, W. Kramber, J. Huntington, J. Kjaersgaard, A. Kilic, C. Kelly, R. Trezza. 2013. Automated Calibration of the METRIC-Landsat Evapotranspiration Process. J. Am. Water Resources Assoc. 49(3):563-576.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Allen, R.G., R. Trezza, A. Kilic, M. Tasumi, H. Li. 2013. Sensitivity of Landsat-scale energy balance to aerodynamic algorithms in mountains and complex terrain. J. Am. Water Resources Assoc. 49(3):592-604.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Morton, C.G., J.L. Huntington, G.M. Pohll, R.G. Allen, K.C. McGwire, S.D. Bassett. 2013. Assessing Calibration Uncertainty and Automation for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agricultural Areas Using METRIC J. Am. Water Resources Assoc. 49(3):549562.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Burkhalter, J.P., T.C. Martin, R.G. Allen, J. Kjaersgaard, E. Wilson, R. Alvarado, and J.S. Polly. 2013. Estimating Crop Water Use via Remote Sensing Techniques vs. Conventional Methods in the South Platte River Basin, Colorado. J. Am. Water Resources Assoc. 49(3):498517.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Trezza, R., R.G. Allen, and M. Tasumi. 2013. Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration along the Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico Using MODIS and Landsat Imagery with the METRIC Model Remote Sens. 5(10):5397-5423; doi:10.3390/rs5105397
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs OUTPUTS: Gridded 3-hourly air temperature and 3-hourly vapor pressure from the North America Regional ReAnalysis (NARR) data set and North American Land Data Assimulation System (NLDAS) data set, have been retrieved for much of the western United States. Data from these gridded data sets have been compared to measured data from irrigated agricultural weather sites and desert sites including grid cells located near Twin Falls and Ashton, Idaho. The comparisons show close correspondence between the two data sets when close to an assimilation point and less correspondence and larger bias when far from an assimilation point. The NARR temperature overstated Agrimet air temperature by up to 5 oC, and the vapor pressure (i.e., near surface water vapor content) was understated by one-half, due to the impact of assimilation of weather data from dry airport types of locations. These types of outcomes are common, and cause overestimation of reference ET by up to 30%. A set of conditioning algorithms have been developed and tested to bring NARR and NLDAS data into closer agreement with that anticipated in an irrigated environment. The algorithms are based on blending height theory and equilibrium profiles and couple water availability conditions of the soil with fluxes and scalar profiles above those surfaces. A blending height at 50 to 200 m was tested to explore the sensitivity of profile response when conditions were fixed at the blending height and the surface conditions veried. The ASCE Penman-Monteith method is used to estimate fluxes from a well-watered surface. Gridded NARR data were compared to ET and sensible heat (H) fluxes produced by the University of Idaho METRIC satellite-driven surface energy balance. Surface temperature estimated by extrapolating 30 m air temperature from NARR to the surface using H fluxes from METRIC matched surface temperature measured by the Landsat satellite to within a few degrees for grass rangeland and irrigated agriculture, indicating relatively good robustness of the profile procedures. Results for sagebrush areas had more error caused by the influence of the sparse brush systems on roughness and near surface aerodynamic exchanges. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Richard G. Allen, PI leads the theoretical and computational developments. Students include Ph.D. student Ramesh Dhungel, MS student Bibha Dhungara, MS student Jeremy Greth, MS student John Stewart. Post-docs include Dr. Ricardo Trezza and Wenguang Zhao. Technician Clarence Robison provides computer and coding support. Collaborators include Dr. Justin Huntington of Desert Research Institute, Dr. Jan Hendrickx of New Mexio Tech., and Dr. Ayse Kilic of Univ. Nebraska, and the US. Bureau of Reclamation, US National Weather Service, US Geological Survey. TARGET AUDIENCES: Users of irrigation scheduling programs that may use estimates of water consumption based on weather data, users of gridded weather data sets that may not reflect well-watered environments, but who require estimates of ET from well-watered agricultural conditions; modelers of climate change impacts on crop water requirements. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: No changes
Impacts Initial findings suggest that it may be possible to develop a nearly automated procedure to adjust air temperature, vapor pressure and wind speed data from the gridded NLDAS and NARR data sets or from surface data collected in dry, nonirrigated settings so that the date better reflect values that would be expected to occur under irrigated conditions. This adjustment is important when using the data to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration that, by definition, represents the expected flux of water vapor from a well watered, vegetated surface of a defined vegetation type where feedback between the surface fluxes and air properties near the surface is considered. The conditioning procedure is under review and consideration by the National Weather Service for employment in calculation software for reference ET using data generated during near-time weather forecasting.
Publications
- Rosa, R.D., P. Paredes, G. C. Rodrigues, I. Alves, R.M. Fernando, L.S. Pereira, R.G. Allen. 2012. Implementing the dual crop coefficient approach in interactive software. 1. Background and computational strategy. Agricultural Water Management 103:8-24.
- Rosa, R.D., P. Paredes, G. C. Rodrigues, R.M. Fernando, I. Alves, L.S. Pereira, R.G. Allen. 2012. Implementing the dual crop coefficient approach in interactive software: 2. Model testing. Agricultural Water Management 103:62-77.
- Santos, C., I.J. Lorite, R.G. Allen, M. Tasumi. 2012. Aerodynamic Parameterization of the Satellite-Based Energy Balance (METRIC) Model for ET Estimation in Rainfed Olive Orchards of Andalusia, Spain, Water Resources Management 26(11):3267-3283.
- Tasumi, M., A. Fujii, R. Kimura, M. Moriyama, R.G. Allen. 2012. Estimation of global ET-Index from satellite imagery for water resources management. Proc. SPIE 8524, Land Surface Remote Sensing, 85240K (November 21, 2012); doi:10.1117/12.976283
- Carrasco-Benavides, M., S. Ortega-Farias, L.O. Lagos, J. Kleissl, L. Morales, C. Poblete-Echeverria, R.G. Allen. 2012. Crop coefficients and actual evapotranspiration of a drip-irrigated Merlot vineyard using multispectral satellite images. Irrigation Science, 30(6):485-497.
- Frederiksen, H.D., R.G. Allen, C.M. Burt, and C. Perry. 2012. Responses to Gleick et al. (20112. Gleick, P.H., Christian-Smith, J. and Cooley, H. 2011. Water-use efficiency and productivity: rethinking the basin approach. Water International, 36(7): 784-798. in Water International. Special Issue: Has Water Privatization Peaked The Future of Public Water Governance, 37(2): 183-197.
- Ryu, J.H., B. Contor, G. Johnson, R. Allen, J. Tracy. 2012. System Dynamics to Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer Under Water Supply Uncertainty. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 48(6):1204-1220.
- Pocas, I., M. Cunha, L.S. Pereira, R.G. Allen, 2012. Using remote sensing energy balance and evapotranspiration to characterize montane landscape vegetation with focus on grass and pasture lands. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 21:159-172.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs OUTPUTS: Comparisons of 3-hourly air temperature and 3-hourly vapor pressure from the North America Regional ReAnalysis (NARR) data set, which is similar to the NLDAS data set, have been compared to measured data from irrigated agricultural weather sites for grid cells located near Twin Falls and Ashton, Idaho during a period during May, 2008. While there is close correspondence between the two data sets, which is a very positive indication of good assimilation of general weather data on a local scale, the NARR temperature overstate the Agrimet air temperature by up to 5 oC, and the vapor pressure (i.e., near surface water vapor content) was understated by one-half, due to the impact of assimilation of weather data in the NARR (and NLDAS) gridded data sets from dry (airport, etc.) stations. These types of outcomes are common, and again, cause overestimation of reference ET by up to 30%. A set of conditioning algorithms have been further developed and tested to bring the NARR and NLDAS data into closer agreement with that anticipated in an irrigated environment. The algoritms are based on blending height theory and equilibrium profiles. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Richard G. Allen, PI leads the theoretical and computational developments. Students include Ph.D. student Ramesh Dhungel, MS student Bibha Dhungara, MS student Jeremy Greth. Post-docs include Dr. Ricardo Trezza and Wenguang Zhao. Technician Clarence Robison provides computer and coding support. Collaborators include Dr. Justin Huntington of Desert Research Institute, Dr. Jan Hendrickx of New Mexio Tech., and Dr. Ayse Kilic-Irmak of Univ. Nebraska, and the US. Bureau of Reclamation. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences are users of reference evapotranspiration information over large spatial areas. These include users of satellite-based remote sensing processes, irrigation managers, ground-water managers, surface water managers and attorneys. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts We are getting close to being able to produce, from NARR and NLDAS data sets, weather data that are suited for estimating consumptive irrigation requirements for crops in irrigated environments. These estimates are 10 to 20% lower than those obtained using the original, unconditioned gridded data.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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