Source: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE submitted to
GENETIC AND CULTURAL METHODS TO MANAGE CYST NEMATODE IN SOYBEAN
Sponsoring Institution
Agricultural Research Service/USDA
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
USDA INHOUSE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0408600
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
6402-21220-008-00D
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 16, 2004
Project End Date
Feb 26, 2007
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
ARELLI P R
Recipient Organization
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
(N/A)
STONEVILLE,MS 38776
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
(N/A)
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
60%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21218201120100%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1820 - Soybean;

Field Of Science
1120 - Nematology;
Goals / Objectives
Broaden soybean germplasm base for genetic resistance to new and emerging nematode populations and integrate cultural practices to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for soybean cyst nematode.
Project Methods
In the U.S. publicly available soybean cultivars trace their nematode resistance to Peking, PI 88788 and/or PI 437654. Nematodes have adapted to both Peking and PI 88788. New populations with virulence on PI 437654 (cv. Hartwig) have been found. PI lines 567516C and 437655, are resistant to most virulent nematodes. Other unique sources of resistance have been identified in soybean. Characterize new sources of resistance to identify and broaden the number of resistance genes for nematodes. Use marker assisted selection for gene pyramiding and increased breeding efficiency. Develop germplasm with new genes. Determine influence of resistant germplasm and non-host crops on nematode variability. Determine dynamics of nematode egg population density in field plots. Manage nematode populations through reduced tillage practices, early maturity soybeans, manipulation of pH and cover/trap crop.

Progress 06/16/04 to 02/26/07

Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) Broaden soybean germplasm base for genetic resistance to new and emerging nematode populations and integrate cultural practices to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for soybean cyst nematode. Approach (from AD-416) In the U.S. publicly available soybean cultivars trace their nematode resistance to Peking, PI 88788 and/or PI 437654. Nematodes have adapted to both Peking and PI 88788. New populations with virulence on PI 437654 (cv. Hartwig) have been found. PI lines 567516C and 437655, are resistant to most virulent nematodes. Other unique sources of resistance have been identified in soybean. Characterize new sources of resistance to identify and broaden the number of resistance genes for nematodes. Use marker assisted selection for gene pyramiding and increased breeding efficiency. Develop germplasm with new genes. Determine influence of resistant germplasm and non-host crops on nematode variability. Determine dynamics of nematode egg population density in field plots. Manage nematode populations through reduced tillage practices, early maturity soybeans, manipulation of pH and cover/trap crop. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Populations of unique soybean plant introductions with broad-based resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) that were crossed to elite cultivars are being progeny tested. Seventeen advanced lines in maturity group V, resistance derived from Fowler, Ananad, Delsoy 5710 and PI567516C are being yield tested. Eighteen advanced lines in maturity group IVE with resistance derived from PI438489B and Fayette are also in yield tests. Thirteen advanced lines with resistance derived from Peking, PI 88788 and Hartwig are also in yield tests in both locations at Jackson and Ames Foundation. Selections are continued in two lines J01-116 and J01-126 for resistance (from Hartwig X PI 567516C) to LY1 and Race 2 nematodes. Advanced germplasm line JTN-5203 was entered into USDA Regional tests (Uniform V) and it ranked 2nd among 22 entries in 13 southern states. It has out yielded one of the check varieties 5002T. SCN resistance is derived from Anand and it is highly resistant to Race 14. The line is resistant to Stem Canker and as well as moderately resistant to Frogeye Leaf Spot. Germplasms JTN-5303 and JTN-5503 have been registered. Both are highly resistant to multiple nematode populations and are very high yielding. Biotechnology was used to determine their nematode resistance. Management studies on the threat of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on winter annuals and cover crops during the Non- crop production period indicate that cover crop selection is important but that reproduction did not occur on winter annual weeds and common cover crops studied. A manuscript is published. Management of soybean through rotation of sources of resistance and non host crops is completed. Field collections of soybean cyst nematode from fields where PI 437654 resistance is being deployed is underway to determine frequency of populations capable of reproducing on this source of resistance. These studies indicate that the most immediate problem fields are ones where resistance is being used but field populations of soybean cyst nematode are able to reproduce on the PI 88788 source of resistance. Accomplishments The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean across the southern USA, and public breeders have resistance to SCN as a major breeding objective. The entries in the USDA Uniform Tests: southern and northern states plus Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematodes are evaluated in both resistance to SCN and yield at Jackson, Tennessee. Breeding lines are being identified that had resistance to one or more of the most prevalent race populations (2, 3 and/or 14) of the SCN. These efforts will result in publicly developed resistant varieties being released to growers. SCN is a major yield limiting pathogen in soybean growing states and planting resistant varieties will reduce yield losses. Soybean germplasm JTN-5303 has been released and registered for its high yield, resistance to diseases, multiple populations or races of soybean cyst nematode. It is a maturity group V line and well adapted to production in the southern USA. Based on data averaged from 23 locations in 14 southern states, JTN- 5303 produced nearly 56 bushels per acre. This line has value as a parent with resistance to multiple nematode populations and as well as several fungal diseases. Soybean Cyst Nematode is a major problem in soybean growing states and resistant varieties will minimize the yield losses to the growers. A new soybean germplasm line is being developed and tested for its performance. This line, JTN-5203 was ranked 2nd among 22 entries that were evaluated in USDA Southern Regional Uniform Group V Tests and yielded nearly 50 bushels per acre. This line is highly resistant to nematode race 14 also resistant to Stem Canker and moderately resistant to Frogeye Leaf Spot. It will be further evaluated for other nematode populations with a consideration to release as a germplasm. National Program 301-Plant, Microbial, and Insect Genetic resources, Genomics and Genetic improvement (40%): Aspects of this project falls within component I (Genetic resource Management). Within component I, the project is Associated with Problem Areas IC (Documenting and Characterizing Genetic Resources) and ID ( Expanding Germplasm Evaluations and Characterizations). National Program 303-Plant Diseases (60%): This project includes component 3 (Cultural Control), component 4A (Pathogen Biology and Population Dynamics) and Component 5 (Host Plant Resistance to Disease). The long-term objective is to develop strategies to extend durable resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean Cultivars through a combination of genetics and cultural management practices in order to maximize stable crop production in a cleaner environment. Technology Transfer Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings: 12

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Gelin, J.R., Arelli, P.R., Rojas-Cifuentes, G.A. 2006. Using independent culling to screen soybean plant introductions for combined resistance to cyst nematode and sudden death syndrome.. Crop Science. Vol. 46: 2081-2083
  • Chen, Y., Wang, D., Arelli, P.R., Ebrahimi, M., Nelson, R.L. 2006. Molecular Marker Diversity of SCN Resistant Sources in Soybean. Genome. 49:938-949
  • Arelli, P.R., Pantalone, V.R., Allen, F.L., Mengistu, A. 2007. Registration of soybean germplasm jtn-5303. Crop Science. Vol.: 69-70
  • Guo, B., Skeoer, D.A., Lu, P., Shannon, J., Guyen, H.N., Arelli, P.R. 2006. Qtls associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode: meta-analysis of qtl locations.. Crop Science. Vol. 46: 595-602
  • Donald, P.A., Kilen, T.C., Mengistu, A. 2007. Registration of soybean germplasm line d99-2018 resistant to Phytophthora rot (Rps6) and soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG Type O) and 14 (HG Type 1.3.6.7). Crop Science. Vol 47:451-452.
  • Donald, P.A., Hayes, R., Walker, E.R. 2007. Potential for Soybean Cyst Nematode Reproduction on Winter Weeds and Cover Crops in Tennessee. Online. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2007-0226-01-RS
  • Donald, P.A. 2006. Host resistance and seed treatment to manage the soybean cyst nematode, 2004-2005. American Phytopathological Society. Fungicide and Nematicide Trails 61:NO22
  • Mengistu, A., Kilen, T.C., Donald, P.A. 2007. Registration of D95-5048 Soybean Germplasm Line Resistant to Phytophthora Rot and Soybean Cyst Nematode Races 3 and 14. Crop Science. 47:452-453.
  • Arelli, P.R., Young, L.D., Mengistu, A. 2006. Registration of high yielding and multiple disease-resistant soybean germplasm jtn-5503.. Crop Science. Vol.: 46(6) 2723


Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

Outputs
Progress Report 1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, has been found in all states where soybean is produced. The estimated current value of soybean lost to the nematode is $1.1 billion. Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode can be reduced partially by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races (populations) of the nematode adapt following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into elite cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers fields and greenhouse studies are being used to characterize the populations and to determine the stability of these populations when exposed to different sources of plant resistance. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. A combination of traditional breeding and molecular marker technologies will be applied for improved efficiency. Marker assisted selection will be adopted for gene pyramiding in soybean for durable resistance. Also, nematode populations have been selected that parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode populations. Newly identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to combat new populations of the nematode. Cultural practices used in combination with plant resistance extend the life of host plant resistance. Practices currently being examined are effects of tillage and early soybean production systems to determine whether these practices reduce the impact of soybean cyst nematode on soybean yield. 2. List by year the currently approved milestones (indicators of research progress) A. Broaden soybean germplasm for genetic resistance to new and emerging Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) populations (2004-2008) Germplasm/cultivar with improved resistance to nematodes (Race 1, LY1 and/or LY2) in the backgrounds of both cultivars Hutcheson and Hartwig potentially will be released in 2008 followed by two publications (Registration articles). Inheritance of resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C data may be available for publication in 2005. Mapping resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C in 2005. Germplasms with resistance to Races 2, 3, 5 and 14 and combined resistance to 2, 3, 5, 14 with LY1 and/or LY2 may be available for release in 2008. Mapping resistance to Race 1, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 437655 in 2007. Release of germplasm also in 2008. B. Integrate cultural practices to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for SCN (2004-2008). Effects of cover/trap crops on management of soybean cyst nematode. 2009. Selection pressure of soybean cyst nematode driven by rotation of Hartwig derived plant resistance. 2006. Use of Brassica spp. as a biofumigant in management of soybean cyst nematode. 2006. Early soybean production as a management strategy for soybean cyst nematode. 2008. Long and short-term effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode. 2008. Soil factors as predictors of high yield risk in soybean cyst nematode infested fields. 2009. 4a List the single most significant research accomplishment during FY 2006. National Program 301-Plant, Microbial, and Insect Genetic resources, Genomic and Genomic Improvement (40%): Aspects of this project falls within component I (Genetic Resource Management). Within component I, the project is associated with Problem Areas IC (Documenting and Charactrizing Genetic Resources) and ID (Expanding Germplasm Evaluations and Characterizations). National Program 303-Plant Diseases (60%): This project includes component 3 (Cultural Control), component 4A (Pathogen Biology and Population Dynamics) and Component 5 (Host Plant Resistance to Disease). Release of JTN-5503 Soybean Germplasm Line: Advanced breeding line JTN- 5503 with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, frogeye leaf spot, stem canker, and charcoal rot was released. The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean in all the soybean production regions in USA, and public soybean breeders have resistance to this pest as a major breeding objective. The other diseases can also cause significant yield losses. JTN-5503 was grown in nine states in the USDA Southern Uniform Tests program in 2004 and 2005 and was one of the two top yielding entries in its maturity group. Soybean breeders will use this germplasm line as a parent to develop soybean varieties for soybean producers. 4b List other significant research accomplishment(s), if any. Soybean advanced line JTN-5203 was evaluated in USDA Southern prelims and ranked 7th among 50 maturity group V lines. Seed yield was 52.5 bushels/acre, and resistant to SCN race 14. This line will be evaluated for other nematode populations with a consideration to release as a germplasm. Release of two vegetable soybean cultivars, Randolph and Moon Cake. Both varieties have been evaluated for soybean cyst nematode, Phytophthora root rot, sudden death syndrome, frogeye leaf spot, bacterial pustule, and southern stem canker. Although resistance is limited or not present for some of these pathogens, the information is provided for producers who are considering niche markets. We view this as a proactive approach to prevent crop loss by providing information on vulnerabilities of these varieties because these crops will be best adapted to geographic areas with a history of field crop soybean production. 4d Progress report. Soybean Plant Introductions with broad based resistance to SCN were crossed to elite cultivars and seven advanced populations are being developed. Four selected advanced lines in maturity Group V with Hartwig type of resistance are being evaluated. Progeny testing of 112 selected plants is in progress with PI 88788 and/or Hartwig source of resistance in maturity group IV. Further selections are continued to be made in two lines J01-116 and J01-126 for resistance (from Hartwig X PI 567516C) to LY1 nematodes. Progenies with eight new sources of resistance are being advanced for developing improved germplasm in maturity groups III, IV and V. Germplasm registrations (JTN-5303, JTN-5503) are under review. Cultivars Randolph and Moon Cake have been registered. Management studies on the threat of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on winter annuals and cover crops during the non crop production period indicate that cover crop selection is important but that reproduction did not occur on common winter annual weeds and common cover crops studied. Manuscript accepted and in publication phase. Management of soybean cyst nematode through rotation of sources of resistance and non host crops is substantially completed. Manuscript preparation is in progress. Soybean germplasm already identified as having resistance to soybean cyst nematode was screened with three populations known to reproduce on PI 437654 source of resistance which is being incorporated into commercial cultivars. Field collections of soybean cyst nematode from fields where this resistance is being deployed is underway to determine the frequency of populations capable of reproducing on this source of resistance. Preliminary results indicate as higher frequency of populations that reproduce on PI 437654 from fields where this source of resistance has been deployed than fields where no resistance has been used. Despite this potentially emerging problem the most immediate soybean cyst nematode problem fields are ones where resistance is being used but field populations of soybean cyst nematode are able to reproduce on the PI 88788 source of resistance. Management studies on the effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode reproduction found that long term areas that were tilled resulted in an eight-fold increase in soybean cyst nematode reproduction and corresponding yield decrease. No effects were seen in tillage regimes when they were changed to no-tillage practices. Current research is examining the soybean rhizosphere to determine which biotic and abiotic components are influencing soybean cyst nematode reproduction. 5. Describe the major accomplishments to date and their predicted or actual impact. Objectives in the past project, use of host plant resistance to manage soybean cyst nematode, were expanded in the new project to include marker assisted selection and identifying, incorporating new soybean genes for resistance to new and emerging nematode populations to solve most eminent threats to soybean industry. Marker assisted selection will increase the efficiency and reduce the duration needed by 2/3 in breeding resistant cultivars. Two new scientists were hired for the project after a funding increase in FY 2001. Accomplishments of the past project included: Release of three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode; soybean yield of a resistant cultivar was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar in fields infested with the nematode; and rotation of resistant soybean cultivars with crops that are not hosts of the nematode is predicted to slow the change in the nematode population from one race to another, which lengthens the time resistance genes are effective against the pest. Soybean germplasm lines D98-1218 and D99-2018 with phytophthora rot and resistance to the soybean cyst nematode were released as additional isolines containing singles alleles for Phytophthora root rot resistance. Vegetable soybean cultivars, Moon Cake and Randolph were released after evaluation for resistance to soybean cyst nematode and Phytophthora rot and other important soybean pathogens. These cultivars widen the genetic base for vegetable soybean and provide additional options for the food soybean market in terms of protein and agronomic qualities. Both cultivars can also be harvested green for human consumption or harvested for livestock increasing their value for producers with diversified farming operations. Soybean germplasm line S99-3181 that was released has value as parent because of its good yield potential, its potential use in the natto market, with shatter resistance, broad resistance to populations of soybean cyst nematode and southern root-knot nematode. S99-3181 is mid-group V maturity and yields were similar cv. Hutcheson with 20% more on SCN infested soils with a mean yield of 3113 kg/ha for Hutcheson. Soybean germplasm lines JTN-5303 and JTN-5503 that are released have value as parents with resistance to multiple nematode populations, frog eye leafspot, stem canker and charcoal rot. Both are group V maturity and yields significantly higher than checks 5601T and 5002T. Soybean germplasm line LDX01-1-65 was released to breeders for broadening the diversity of SCN resistance genes from Glycine soja. The resistance genes map to unique genetic regions not currently being used by breeders and therefore has greater value as a parent in soybean improvement. Soybean line S01-9269 that was released has value as a parent because of its broad resistance to SCN populations and seed oil that averages half the saturated fatty acids as conventional soybeans which average half the saturated fatty acids as conventional soybeans which average 15% saturates. Soybean germplasm line D99-2065 that was released has a value as a parent with resistance to both phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Soybean germplasm registration has been published for LDX01-1-65 with resistance to soybean cyst nematode. It has value as a parent in soybean improvement especially in broadening the diversity of SCN resistance genes since they map to unique genetic regions not currently being used by breeders. The source of resistance genes is a wild relative of cultivated soybean, Glycine soja. Germplasm registration has been published for S01-9269, D98-1218, and three additional germplasm lines (JTN-5303, D99-2018 and D99-2065) have been released. Both D99-2018 and D99-2065 are isogenic lines and have a common Bedford background containing resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG Type 0), 14 (HG Type 1.3.6.7) and phytophthora rot. These isogenic lines contain resistance to different phytophthora rot races and are designed as tools for diagnosis and for incorporation into existing soybean cultivars where current resistance is not appropriate for the geographic area. Vegetable soybean cultivars Moon Cake and Randolph have been released and registered. These cultivars have been evaluated against most common soybean pathogens although resistance is poor or lacking against some pathogens. This evaluation provides producers of niche market soybean the information to weigh their risk of yield loss when planting these cultivars in soybean cyst nematode infested fields and well as other high-risk areas. Information on cover crop and winter weed impact on soybean cyst nematode during the non crop production period has been presented to the funding agency, Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board, and the manuscript accepted for publication as a refereed journal article. This information provided producers with important information on the necessity of herbicide application in the late fall to manage soybean cyst nematode. This project is continuing with additional cover crops in combination with different crop rotations. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Arelli, P.R., Young, L.D. 2005. Inheritance of resistance in soybean PI 567516C to LY1 nematode population infecting cv. Hartwig. Agronomy abstracts, P. 31. Ebrahimi, M., Arelli, P.R., Chen, Y., Wang, D. 2005. Identification of QTLs underlying SCN resistance in PI 494182. Agronomy abstracts, P. 127. Donald, P.A. and Shannon, G. 2005. Impact of early soybean production system on Heterodera glycines reproduction. Journal of Nematology. 37:366. Donald, P.A., Pierson, P.E., St. Martin, S.K. , Sellers, P.R., Noel, G.R. , MacGuidwin, A.E. , Faghihi, J. , Ferris, V.R., Grau, C.R., Jardine, D. J., Melakeberhan, H., Niblack, T. L. Stienstra, W.C., Tylka, G. L., Wheeler, T.A. and Wysong, D.S. 2005. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant and susceptible cultivar yield in infested soil in north-central USA. Journal of Nematology. 37:366-367.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Mebrahtu, T., Devine, T.E., Donald, P.A., Abney, T.S. 2005. Registration of 'Randolph' Vegetable Soybean. Crop Science. 45:2644-2645.
  • Guo, B., Sleper, D.A., Nguyen, H., Arelli, P.R., Shannon, G. 2006. Qtl mapping of resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 1, 2, and 5 in soybean pi 404198a. Crop Science. Vol. 46 p. 224-233.
  • Guo, B., Sleper, D.A., Arelli, P.R., Shannon, J.G., Nguyen, H.B. 2005. Identification of qtls associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2,3, and 5 in soybean pi 90763. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Vol. 111: P 965-971.
  • Devine, T.E., Mcmurtrey III, J.E., Mebrahtu, T., Abney, T.S., Donald, P.A., Starner, D.E., Hashem, F.M., Dadson, R.B. 2006. Registration of moon cake vegetable soybean cultivar. Crop Science. 46:1810-1811.
  • Arelli, P.R., Young, L.D. 2005. Inheritance of resistance in soybean pi 567516c to ly1 nematode population infecting cv. hartwig. American Society of Agronomy Meetings. Vol 68: p 212.
  • Arelli, P.R. 2006. New sources of resistance to soybean cyst newmatode in soybean. American Journal of Pathology. Vol. 33, p. 7


Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05

Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines has been found in most of the states where soybean is produced. The estimated current value of soybean lost to the nematode is $1.1 billion. Economic loss caused by the soybean cyst nematode can be reduced by planting resistant soybean cultivars. Resistant cultivars are environmentally friendly. Because races (populations) of the nematode shift following planting of soybeans with particular genes for resistance, these race changes must be monitored and anticipated. Also, new genes for resistance must be identified and transferred into elite cultivars. Soybean fields are being surveyed to identify the races currently prevalent in farmers fields. Soybean cultivars are being developed that are resistant to the prevalent races of the nematode. A combination of traditional breeding and molecular marker technologies will be applied for improved efficiency. Marker assisted selection will be adopted for gene pyramiding in soybean for durable resistance. Also, nematode populations have been selected that parasitize the newest resistant cultivars. These populations will be used to identify soybean lines in the United States soybean germplasm collection that are resistant to the selected nematode populations. The newly identified resistant germplasm will be crossed with productive public varieties so a new generation of resistant cultivars will be available in about 10 years when they are needed to combat new races of the nematode. Cultural practices that extend the life of host plant resistance will be evaluated. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. 2A. Broaden soybean germplasm for genetic resistance to new and emerging SCN populations (2004-2008) a. Germplasm/cultivar with improved resistance to nematodes (Race 1, LY1 and/or LY2) in the backgrounds of both cultivars Hutcheson and Hartwig potentially will be released in 2008 followed by two publications (Registration articles). b. Inheritance of resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C data may be available for publication in 2005. c. Mapping resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/LY2 in PI 567516C in 2005. d. Germplasms with resistance to Races 2, 3, 5 and 14 and combined resistance to 2, 3, 5, 14 with LY1 and/or LY2 may be available for release in 2008. e. Mapping resistance to Race 1, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 437655 in 2007. Release of germplasm also in 2008. 2B. Integrate cultural practices to augment sustainability of host plant resistance for SCN (2004-2008). a. Effects of cover/trap crops on management of soybean cyst nematode. 2007. b. Selection pressure of soybean cyst nematode driven by rotation of Hartwig derived plant resistance. 2006. c. Use of Brassica spp. as a biofumigant in management of soybean cyst nematode. 2006. d. Early soybean production as a management strategy for soybean cyst nematode. 2005. e. Long and short-term effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode. 2008. f. Soil factors as predictors of high yield risk in soybean cyst nematode infested fields. 2008. 3a List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2005. For each milestone, indicate the status: fully met, substantially met, or not met. If not met, why. 1. Germplasm/cultivar with improved resistance to nematodes (Race 1, LY1 and/or L2) in the backgrounds of both cultivars Hutcheson and Hartwig potentially will be released in 2008 followed by two publications (Registration articles). Milestone Substantially Met 2. Inheritance of resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C data may be available for publication in 2005. Milestone Fully Met 3. Mapping resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C in 2005. Milestone Substantially Met 4. Germplasms with resistance to Races 2, 3, 5, and 14 combined resistance to 2, 3, 5, 14 with LY1 and/or LY2 may be available for release in 2007. Milestone Fully Met 5. Mapping resistance to Race 1, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 437655 in 2008. Release of germplasm also in 2008. Milestone Substantially Met 6. Effects of cover/trap crops on management of soybean cyst nematode. 2007. Milestone Fully Met 7. Selection pressure of soybean cyst nematode driven by rotation of Hartwig derived plant resistance. 2006. Milestone Fully Met 8. Early soybean production as a management strategy for soybean cyst nematode. 2005. Milestone Substantially Met 9. Long and short-term effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode. 2008. Milestone Substantially Met 3b List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2006, 2007, and 2008). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? FY 2006: Inheritance of resistance to race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C published. Mapping resistance to Race 2, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 567516C. Early soybean production system as a management strategy for soybean cyst nematode. FY 2007: Selection pressure of soybean cyst nematode driven by rotation of Hartwig derived plant resistance. Release germplasm with resistance to race 1,LY1 and /or LY2 nematode populations. FY 2008: Germplasm released with combined resistance to races 2, 3, 5 and 14 with LY1 and/or LY2. Map resistance to race 1, LY1 and/or LY2 in PI 437655. Effects of cover/trap crops on management of soybean cyst nematode. 4a What was the single most significant accomplishment this past year? Release of JTN-5303 Soybean Germplasm Line: Advanced breeding line JTN-5303 with resistance to soybean cyst nematode, frogeye leaf spot, stemcanker, and charcoal rot was released. The soybean cyst nematode is a serious pest of soybean in all the soybean production regions in USA, and public soybean breeders have resistance to this pest as a major breeding objective. The other diseases can also cause significant yield losses. JTN-5303 was grown in nine states in the USDA Southern Uniform Tests program in 2004 and was one of the two top yielding entries in its maturity group. Soybean breeders will use this germplasm line as a parent to develop soybean varieties for soybean producers. 4d Progress report. Soybean Plant Introductions with broad based resistance to SCN were crossed to elite cultivars and seven advanced populations are being developed. Four selected advanced lines in maturity Group V with Hartwig type of resistance are being evaluated. Progeny testing of 205 selected plants is in progress with PI 88788 source of resistance in maturity group IV. Two lines J01-116 and J01-126 selected for resistance (from Hartwig X PI 567516C) to LY1 nematodes are also being evaluated. Germplasm registration has been published for both S01-9269, D98-1218, and three additional registrations (JTN-5303, D99-2018 and D99-2065) are under preparation and/or review. The vegetable soybean cultivar Asmara has been registered and cultivars Randolph and Moon Cake are under review. Management studies on the threat of soybean cyst nematode reproduction on winter annuals and cover crops during the non crop production period indicate that cover crop selection is important but that reproduction did not occur on common winter annual weeds and common cover crops studied. Manuscript preparation is in progress. Management of soybean cyst nematode through rotation of sources of resistance and non host crops is substantially completed. Manuscript preparation is in progress. Soybean germplasm already identified as having resistance to soybean cyst nematode was screened with two populations known to reproduce on PI 437654 source of resistance which is being incorporated into commercial cultivars. Field collections of soybean cyst nematode from fields where this resistance is being deployed is underway to determine the frequency of populations capable of reproducing on this source of resistance. Preliminary results indicate as higher frequency of populations that reproduce on PI 437654 from fields where this source of resistance has been deployed than fields where no resistance has been used. Management studies on the effects of tillage on soybean cyst nematode reproduction found that long term areas that were tilled resulted in an eight-fold increase in soybean cyst nematode reproduction and corresponding yield decrease. No effects were seen in tillage regimes when they were changed to no-tillage practices. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. Objectives in the past project, use of host plant resistance to manage soybean cyst nematode, were expanded in the new project to include marker assisted selection and identifying, incorporating new soybean genes for resistance to new and emerging nematode populations to solve most eminent threats to soybean industry. Marker assisted selection will increase the efficiency and reduce the duration needed by 2/3 in breeding resistant cultivars. Two new scientists were hired for the project after a funding increase in FY 2001. Accomplishments of the past project included: Release of three soybean germplasm lines and three cultivars with resistance to the soybean cyst nematode; soybean yield of a resistant cultivar was 16% to 32% greater than yield of a susceptible cultivar in fields infested with the nematode; and rotation of resistant soybean cultivars with crops that are not hosts of the nematode slowed the change in the nematode population from one race to another, which lengthens the time resistance genes are effective against the pest. Soybean germplasm lines D98-1218 and D99-2018 with phytophthora rot and resistance to the soybean cyst nematode were released. Vegetable soybean cultivars, Asmara and Randolph were evaluated and released after evaluation for resistance to soybean cyst nematode and Phytophthora rot. Soybean germplasm line S99-3181 that was released has value as parent because of its good yield potential, its potential use in the natto market, with shatter resistance, broad resistance to populations of soybean cyst nematode and southern root-knot nematode. S99-3181 is mid-group V maturity and yields were similar cv. Hutcheson with 20% more on SCN infested soils with a mean yield of 3113 kg/ha for Hutcheson. Soybean germplasm line JTN-5303 that was released has a value as a parent with resistance to multiple nematode populations, frog eye leafspot, stem canker and charcoal rot. JTN-5303 is group V maturity and yields significantly higher than checks 5601T and 5002T. Soybean germplasm line LDX01-1-65 was released to breeders for broadening the diversity of SCN resistance genes from Glycine Soja. The resistance genes map to unique genetic regions not currently being used by breeders and therefore has a greater value as a parent in soybean improvement. Soybean line S01-9269 that was released has value as a parent because of its broad resistance to SCN populations and seed oil that averages half the saturated fatty acids as conventional soybeans which average 15% saturates. Soybean germplasm line D99-2065 that was released has a value as a parent with resistance to both phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Soybean germplasm line LDX01-1-65 with resistance to soybean cyst nematode was released to soybean breeders/public. It has a value as a parent in soybean improvement especially in broadening the diversity of SCN resistance genes since they map to unique genetic regions not currently being used by breeders. The source of resistance genes is a wild relative of cultivated soybean, Glycine soja. Germplasm registration has been published for S01-9269, D98-1218, and three additional germplasm lines (JTN-5303, D99-2018 and D99-2065) have been released. Both D99-2018 and D99-2065 are isogenic lines and have a common Bedford background containing resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 3 (HG Type 0), 14 (HG Type 1.3.6.7) and phytophthora rot. These isogenic lines contain resistance to different phytophthora rot genes and are designed as tools for diagnosis and for incorporation into existing soybean cultivars where current resistance is not appropriate for the geographic area. A vegetable soybean cultivar Moon Cake has been released. This cultivar is susceptible to soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 and was tested to provide producers of niche market soybean the information to weigh their risk of yield loss when planting these cultivars in soybean cyst nematode infested fields. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Donald, P., Hartman, K. 2004. Management of soybean cyst nematode through plant resistance and crop rotation. Milan NoTill Field Day. 2004. Shannon, J.G., Sleper, D.A., Nguyen, H.T., Arelli, P.R., Weibold, W.J., Stevens, W.E. 2004. New Developments in Soybean breeding. 43rd Annual Delta Center Field Day. p.9. Lui, P., Shannon, J.G., Arelli, P.R., Sleper, D.A., Nguyen, H.T. 2004. Inheritance of resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 1 and 5 in soybean PI 507354. Agronomy Abstracts. p. 37. Pantalone, V.R., Arelli, P.R. New Soybean cultivars. Milan NoTill Field Day. 2004. p.9.

Impacts
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Publications

  • Shannon, J.G., Anand, S.C., Arelli, P.R., Wrather, J.A., Sleper, D.A. 2005. Registration of 's99-3181' soybean. Crop Science. 45:407-408.
  • Shannon, J.G., Sleper, D.A., Arelli, P.R., Burton, J.W., Wilson, R.F., Anand, S.C. 2005. Registration of 's01-9269' soybean germplasm line resistant to soybean cyst nematode with seed oil low in saturates. Crop Science. 45:1673-1674.
  • Mebrahtu, T., Devine, T.E., Donald, P.A., Abney, T.S. 2005. Registration of 'Asmara' Vegetable Soybean. Crop Science. 45:408-409.
  • Arelli, P.R., Diers, B.W., Concibido, V.C., Young, L.D. 2004. Progress in genetics and mapping for resistance in soybean [glycine max (l.) merril] to cyst nematode (hetrodere glycines ichinohe).. Crop Science Congress. p. 129-131.
  • Donald, P.A., Young, L.D. 2004. Charlacterization of two soybean cyst nematode populations that reproduce on pi437654 source of resistance. Journal of Nematology. 36:315.