Source: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS submitted to
SUPPORT OF GRADUATE RESEARCH IN THE PROGRAM IN ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
NEW
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1009289
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
ILLU-875-952
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 1, 2016
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2020
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Kent, A.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
2001 S. Lincoln Ave.
URBANA,IL 61801
Performing Department
Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The student support (research assistantships and research awards) provided by Hatch funds will significantly improve the support base for students in PEEC and will facilitate the students' ability to conduct research during the academic year when they would be otherwise expected to devote more time to teaching. The resources will significantly aid in the recruiting of nationally competitive applicants to the Program. Many of the students in PEEC conduct research on the conservation of natural resources in the agricultural and urban landscapes in Illinois and the Midwest. The University of Illinois has a world-class and diverse faculty in the fields of ecology and natural resource conservation, but the faculty is dispersed throughout several campus units. PEEC serves to unite the faculty around common objectives and provide true interdisciplinary training that spans a wide range of specific talents and backgrounds. Student support will ensure a vigorous and successful Program that benefits the entire campus.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
13603201070100%
Knowledge Area
136 - Conservation of Biological Diversity;

Subject Of Investigation
0320 - Watersheds;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
To support graduate students in the Program In Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology with research assistantships and research support.
Project Methods
The research assistantships and research awards will be awarded on a competitive basis to new and existing students in the Program. The Steering Committee within PEEC evaluates the qualifications of students who are eligible for the research assistantships and research support, and makes recommendations to the Director who makes all decisions of support for students in the program.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate students involved in natural resource conservation and plant and soil science, as well as stakeholders and other researchers in these areas. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Graduate students received research assistant support and small summer research grants to support their work in natural resources and conservation biology, as well as plant and soil science. Rachel Moran's dissertation focuses on the importance of male behavior in driving speciation via reinforcement in darters. Rachelhas examined how male mate choice and male-male competition contribute to behavioral isolation and color pattern diversification among species in the orangethroat darter clade Ceasia. This research has also involved determining how genetic divergence and color pattern divergence predict behavioral isolation among species. Another portion of Rachel's research has focused on the importance of reinforcement between the orangethroat darter Etheostoma spectabile and the rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum, and the consequences of hybridization in this system. She has found evidence for prezygotic isolation in the form of reproductive and agonistic character displacement in E. spectabile, and postzygotic isolation in the form of hybrid male E. spectabile x E. caeruleum behavioral sterility and backcross inviability. This work has generated two manuscripts and data for at least one more manuscript, as well as several presentations. Additionally, Rachelis working on constructing a linkage map for E. spectabile, which will be used to assist her in assembling the E. spectabile genome. Support for Alida de Flamingh enabled her to complete the DNA genotyping of the elephant fecal samples used to examine the origin and phylogeography of African savannah elephants. This project sought to identify genetic linkages between elephant populations in southern Africa by comparing the elephants in Kruger National Park (South Africa) to populations in nearby countries (Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This project used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to investigate phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and gene flow among elephant populations. This work has generated one publication, one presentation, and several manuscripts in preparation. Nicholas Sutton received support for development of a new modeling framework for predicting animal behavior in the presence of high intraspecific behavioral variation (i.e. in the presence of personalities and/or highly habituated/sensitized individuals). The framework also considers predictions under uncertain conditions, where the information for making decisions is imperfect or unknown. This framework was tested in the context of white-tailed deer in relation to visitor pressure in state parks, and will be tested soon with black duck data from collaborators to test in other taxa. This work has generated one publication, and one in preparation, along with a presentation. While supported by Hatch funds, Tyler Refsland finished data collection for two projects included in his dissertation: (1) He sampled tree increment cores that will be used to compare historical drought stress of adult oaks in unburned and 60-year periodically burned forests of Missouri and (2) He collected soil across a range of prescribed fire units that were used as inocculum in a greenhouse experiment that was completed over the summer. This work is investigating the potential for prescribed fire to promote drought resistance of Quercus alba seedlings in a changing climate. Dora Cohen carried out soil microbial ecology work in wetland ecosystems. Restored wetlands sometimes fail to replicate the microbial ecosystem services that occur in natural wetlands, but there is surprisingly little research investigating how restored wetland microbial communities change over time and what that means for ecosystem function. This work found that denitrification rates over time were strongly affected by flood conditions, but the magnitude of response was associated with differences in composition between wetlands, and this response was driven by changes in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa. This has generated one submitted manuscript, and two additional manuscripts that will be sumbitted soon. Tolulope Perrin-Stowe received funding to support her work in conservation genetics, focusing on mitochondrial function in sterile and fertile inter-species hybrids. She conducted mitogenomic analyses of African elephant lineages to provide insights into the evolutionary history and interactions between the two species, and conductednuclear and mitochondrial examination of a West African population to establish its taxonomic status. Derek Haselhorst was funded to investigate seasonal and long-term phenological and reproductive dynamics in neotropical plant communities using modern pollen trap data. His research builds on a phenological analysis on the effect of seasonal and long-term climatic variability on Neotropical flowering phenology (completed for his first dissertation chapter). This research incorporated pollen trap data collected from canopy canes located in two lowland Panamanian forests characterized by differences in mean annual rainfall and seasonality - Barro Colorado Island (BCI) and Parque National San Lorenzo (PSNL). The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is responsible for transmitting the Lyme disease pathogen (Borrelia burgdorferi) to humans. Since the 1970's, the geographic distributions of both the pathogen and the black-legged tick have expanded throughout the U.S. This expansion is thought to be primarily due to highly mobile wildlife hosts such as migratory birds and deer, although the relative contribution of each host has yet to be quantified. Sam Halsey was supported by Hatch funding to carry out research to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the invasion and establishment of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi by utilizing a community framework via individual-based modelling. Selina Ruzi was supported to carry out work to investigate the identity of ants involved in seed dispersal of non-myrmecochorous plants, and determine the chemical mechanism responsible for ant-mediated seed dispersal to link a mechanistic process to community-wide patterns of plant dispersal and establishment. The questions she addressed included: (1) Does variation in local ant communities correlate with the observed variation in seed removal rates at different locations within a single forest? and (2) Do non-myrmeocochorous plants mimic the chemical cues present on insects to elicit the seed-carrying response in ants? The successful recruitment of new individuals into a population depends on being able to navigate a variety of obstacles that can ultimately influence community structure. Plants, for example, are limited by the number of seeds they produce, if their seeds survive dispersal events, and whether those seeds reach suitable microsites for germination/establishment. Ultimately, identifying the mechanisms responsible for successful dispersal is key for understanding the structure and stability of plant communities. N2O flux from low-lying areas that are typically hotspots of N2O flux can be inhibited following large rain events, while N2O flux may dramatically increase in the rest of the field. Different areas of the field can act as hotspots of N2O flux depending on environmental conditions. Alex Krichels was supported by Hatch funds to conduct research to increase our understanding of the spatial and temporal controls on the location and magnitude of hotspots of N2O flux is an important step in improving models of N2O emissions. To better understand these controls, he investigated the following questions: (1) What spatial factors control where hotspots of N2O emissions occur under different environmental conditionsand (2) How do hotspots affect estimates of cumulative N2O emissions from a field? His work included field measures of N2O fluxes, soil biogeochemistry approaches, DNA sequencing and qPCR to characterize microbes involved in these processes, and modeling.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Halsey, S.J., Allan, B.F. and Miller, J.R. 2018. The role of Ixodes scapularis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and wildlife hosts in Lyme disease prevalence: A comprehensive review. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ruzi, S.A., D.P. Roche, P.-C. Zalamea, A.C. Robison and J.W. Dalling. 2017. Species identity influences secondary removal of seeds of Neotropical pioneer tree species. Plant Ecol. 218(8): 983-995. doi:10.1007/s11258-017-0745-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: de Flamingh, A., Roca, A.L. and van Aarde, R. 2017. Origin and phylogeography of African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kruger and nearby parks in southern Africa. Conservation Genetics: DOI 10.1007/s10592-017-1005-z.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: de Flamingh, A., Coutu, A., Malhi, R.S. and Roca, A.L. 2018. Using DNA to determine the species, sex and geographic origins of elephant ivory discovered in a 16th century Portuguese shipwreck. (In Prep).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2108 Citation: de Flamingh, A., Malhi, R.S. and Roca, A.L. 2018. Species identification and mitochondrial genomes using ancient DNA from 2000-year-old fishbones in Kenai, Alaska (In Prep).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: de Flamingh, A., Roca, A.L. and van Aarde, R. 2018. Spatial determinants of gene flow in African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) (In Prep).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Moran, R.L., R.M. Soukup, M. Zhou and R.C. Fuller. 2018. Egg viability decreases rapidly with time since ovulation in the rainbow darter: implications for the costs of choosiness. Journal of Fish Biology.
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Moran, R.L. and R.C. Fuller. 2018. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications for allopatric speciation. Current Zoology. Special Column on male competition and speciation. doi:10.1093/cz/zox069.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moran, R.L., M. Zhou, J.M. Catchen and R.C. Fuller. 2017. Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance. Evolution. 71(10):2428-2444. doi:10.1111/evo.13321.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2017 Citation: Haselhorst, D.S., Tcheng, D.K., Moreno, J.E. Punyasena, S.W. 2017. The effects of seasonal and long-term climatic variability on Neotropical flowering phenology: An ecoinformatic analysis of aerial pollen data. Ecological Informatics.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Cohen, D.B. and Kent, A.D. 2018. Stable microbial processes in an unstable world: Environmental variability shapes microbial community response to altered hydrology in a floodplain wetland ecosystem. Submitted to Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hughes, C.E., Rogers, M.P, Owings, A.C., et al. 2018. Genetic structure of First Nation communities in the Pacific Northwest. Human Biology, (In Press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Owings, A.C., Johnson, J.W., Hughes, C.E., Rogers, M.P., Li, H., Cui, Y. and Malhi, R.S. 2018. Mitochondrial DNA analysis from an ancient British Columbian population and their descendants and the effects of European colonization. (In Prep.).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sutton, N.M. and E.J. Heske. 2017. Effects of human state park visitation rates on escape behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Human-Wildlife Interactions 11. (In Press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dijkstra, P.D., Maguire, S.M., Harris, R.M., DeAngelis, R.S., Polanski, T., Rodriguez, C.A., Flores, S.A. and Hofmann, H.A. 2018. The melanocortin system regulates color and behavior in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Proceedings of the Royal Society B (In Press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: DeAngelis, R.S., Gogola, J. and Rhodes, J.S. 2018. Opposite effects of nonapeptide antagonists on paternal behavior in the teleost fish Amphiprion ocellaris. Hormones and Behavior (In Press).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Halsey, S.J. and Miller, J.R. 2017. Exploring tick-host associations using a spatially and temporally explicit agent-based model. Ecological Society of America, August 2017, Portland, OR. (Oral Presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ruzi, S.A., D.P. Roche, P-C. Zalamea, A.C. Robison and J.W. Dalling. 2017. Species identity influences secondary removal of seeds of neotropical pioneer tree species. Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC). Annual Meeting, July, Merida, Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: de Flamingh, A. (Presenting Author), Roca, A.L. and van Aarde, R. 2017. Origin and phylogeography of African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kruger and nearby parks in southern Africa. Poster presentation at the Annual conference for the American Association of Zoos and Aquariums in Indianapolis, Indiana.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Ruzi, S.A. and A.V. Suarez. 2017. Can variation in seed removal patterns of Neotropical pioneer tree species be explained by local ant community composition? Entomological Society of America (ESA). Annual Meeting, November, Denver, CO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moran, R.L. and R.C. Fuller. 2017. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters and its implications. (Oral Presentation). Evolution Conference. Portland, OR.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moran, R.L. and R.C. Fuller. 2017. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters. (Oral Presentation). Midwest Ecology and Evolution Conference. Urbana, IL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Moran, R.L. and R.C. Fuller. 2017. Male-driven reproductive and agonistic character displacement in darters. (Oral presentation). Graduates in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (GEEB) Research Symposium at UIUC. Urbana, IL.
  • Type: Websites Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: de Flamingh, A. 2017. Artificial rhino horn: An artificial solution? The Green Observer, RSO and Environmental magazine at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.


Progress 03/01/16 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate students involved in natural resource conservation and plant and soil science, as well as stakeholders and other researchers in these areas. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided support to allow students to carry out their dissertation research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated through publications and conference presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to support graduate student research through research assistantships and small research support grants.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Graduate students received research assistantsupport, and small summer research grants to support their work in natural resources and conservation biology, as well as plant and soil science. Rachel Moran's dissertation focuses on the importance ofmale behaviorin driving speciation via reinforcement in darters. R. Moran has examined how male mate choice and male-male competition contribute to behavioral isolation and color pattern diversification among species in the orangethroat darter cladeCeasia.This research has also involved determining how genetic divergence and color pattern divergence predict behavioral isolation among species. This work has generated one manuscript in preparation (full draft available upon request). This manuscript will be submitted for publication by the end of December 2016. Another portion of R. Moran's research has focused on the importance of reinforcement between the orangethroat darterEtheostoma spectabileand the rainbow darterEtheostoma caeruleum,and the consequences of hybridization in this system. She has found evidence for prezygotic isolation in the form of reproductive and agonistic character displacement inE. spectabile,and postzygotic isolation in the form of hybrid maleE. spectabilexE. caeruleumbehavioral sterility and backcross inviability. This work has generated one manuscript in preparation for submission (draft available upon request; anticipated submission in February 2017), and data for at least one more manuscript (anticipated submission in April 2017). Additionally, R. Moran is working on constructing a linkage map forE. spectabile,which will be used to assist her in assembling theE. spectabilegenome. Support for Alida de Flamingh enabled her tocomplete the DNA genotyping of the elephant fecal samples used to examine the origin and phylogeography of African savannah elephants. This project sought to identify genetic linkages between elephant populations in southern Africa by comparing the elephants in Kruger National Park (South Africa) to populations in nearby countries (Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This project used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to investigate phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and gene flow among elephant populations. A manuscript resulting from this research is in the final stages of preparation and will be submitted to Conservation Genetics soon. Nicholas Sutton received supportfor development of a new modeling framework for predicting animal behavior in the presence of high intraspecific behavioral variation (i.e. in the presence of personalities and/or highly habituated/sensitized individuals). The framework also considers predictions under uncertain conditions, where the information for making decisions is imperfect or unknown. This framework was tested in the context ofwhite-tailed deer in relation to visitor pressure instate parks, and will be tested soonwith black duck data from collaboratorsto test in other taxa. This work is being preparedfor submission to PNAS. Alyssa Beckwas supported to conducta greenhouse experiment to examine the influence of Lespedeza cuneata root exudates and leaf litter leachates on microbial community assembly and plant-soil feedbacks, as part of an ongoing study onthe effect of plant invasions on soil microbial communities. A manuscript is being generated to report findings from this study. While supported by Hatch funds,Tyler Refslandfinished data collection for two projects included in his dissertation: (1) hesampled tree increment cores that will be used to compare historical drought stress of adult oaks in unburned and 60-year periodically burned forests of Missouri and (2) he collected soil across a range of prescribed fire units that were used as inocculum in a greenhouse experiment that wascompleted over the summer. This work is investigating thepotential for prescribed fire to promote drought resistance of Quercus alba seedlings in a changing climate. Andrew Sweet received support forsequencing full genomes of parasitic bird lice, and developed a pipeline to mine the data for phylogenomic and population genomic analysis to examine co-evolution of birds and their parasites. Dora Cohen carried out soil microbial ecology work in wetland ecosystems.Restored wetlands sometimes fail to replicate the microbial ecosystem services that occur in natural wetlands, but there is surprisingly little research investigating how restored wetland microbial communities change over time and what that means for ecosystem function. This workfound that denitrificationrates over time were strongly affected by flood conditions, but the magnitude of response was associated with differences in composition between wetlands, and this response was driven by changes in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa. Melissa Chipman was funded to continue her work examining novel disturbance regimes in the Arctic in comparison to paleoecological records of fire and permafrost thaw from the Alaskantundra. Tolulope Perrin-Stowe received funding to support her work in conservation genetics, focusing on mitochondrial function in sterile and fertile inter-species hybrids. Derek Haselhorst was funded toinvestigateseasonal and long-term phenological and reproductive dynamics in neotropical plant communities using modern pollen trap data. Hisresearch builds on a phenological analysis on the effect of seasonal and long-term climatic variability on Neotropical flowering phenology (completed for hisfirst dissertation chapter). This research incorporated pollen trap data collected from canopy canes located in two lowland Panamanian forests characterized by differences in mean annual rainfall and seasonality - Barro Colorado Island (BCI) and Parque National San Lorenzo (PSNL). Philippe Doucet Beaupré was funded to carry out studies in support of his dissertation work on phylodynamic modeling and robust inference of diversification processes in microbial communities. For this work, heappliedthe phylodynamic maximum likelihood algorithm he developed during the past year to the 15,000 individual environmental samples found in the Earth Microbiome Project dataset and to further the analysis of the angiosperm, marine, phylosphere, gut, and skin samples used in previouswork. The inference will allow him to separate the contribution of neutral and innovation processes to the dynamic of diversification across similar and different habitats and biomes, abiotic variables, and geographic locations. Miles Bensky was funded to continue his work in animal behavior and conservation. His work includes gathering evidence for cognitive trade-offs usingthree-spined sticklebacks as a model system. His disseration topic is:Measuring the molecular and ecological mechanisms driving differences in learning flexibility in threespined stickleback, where the overall goal is to identify the ecological and molecular causes of variation in learning flexibility in sticklebacks.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Moran, R. 2016. Male color differences predict male components of behavioral isolation in darters. Evolution, June 17-21, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Refsland, T. 2016. Post-fire Quercus alba resprouts show greater vulnerability to drought stress than unburned individuals. Ecological Society of America (ESA) Annual Meeting Aug 7-12, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Cohen, D.B. and A.D. Kent. 2016. Tracking temporal patterns in denitrification and microbial community composition following wetland restoration in Illinois. Poster presentation at the 101st Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Fort Lauderdale, FL. August 7-12, 2016.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sweet, A. 2016. Patterns of evolution between small New World ground-doves and their parasitic wing lice (Phthiraptera: Columbicola). Evolution 2016 Jun 17-21, 2016.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Arden, R., Bensky, M.K. and Adams, M.J. 2016. A Review of Cognitive Abilities in Dogs, 1911 Through 2016: More Individual Differences, Please! Current Directions in Psychological Science 25: 307-312.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chipman, M.L., Kling, G.W., Lundstrom, C.C. and Hu, F.S. 2016. Multiple thermo-erosional episodes during the past six millennia: Implications for the response of Arctic permafrost to climate change. Geology. 44: 439-442.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bensky, M. 2016. Evidence for cognitive trade-offs in threespine sticklebacks. Animal Behavior Society, July 30-Aug 3, 2016.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sweet, A.D. and Johnson, K.P. 2016. Cophylogenetic analysis of New World ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae) and their parasitic wing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Columbicola). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2016 Oct;103:122-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.018.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Boyd, B.M., Allen, J.M., Koga, R., Fukatsu, T., Sweet, A.D., Johnson, K.P. and Reed, D.L. 2016. Two bacterial ghenera, Sodalis and Rickettsia, associated with the Seal Louse Proechinophthirus fluctus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2016 May 16;82(11):3185-97. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00282-16.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: R.L. Moran and R.C. Fuller. 2016. Male-driven behavioral isolation among allopatric species in a dichromatic fish clade.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sutton, N.M. 2016. Optimal escape for variable predator behavior: Predator approach path informs prey decision making. National Animal Behavior Society Conference: Columbia, Missouri.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sutton, N.M. and E.J. Heske. 2017. Effects of human state park visitation rates on escape behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Human-Wildlife Interactions 11 (In Press).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Refsland, T.K and J.M Fraterrigo. 2016. Potential for prescribed fire to promote drought resistance of Quercus alba seedlings in a changing climate. Central Hardwoods Conference. Columbia, MO.